•fva  NEW*  EDITION  ex®- ..— 

©sJBRIEF*  HISTORY^® 


A      r>      /v     o 
A,  dc  A.  b. 


TOGETHER  WITH  A 


lifornia 

tonal 

lity 


IC>]         BILLED  REVIYflL  OF  FREEMflSONRY  IN  FF 

AND  OTHER  INTERESTING  AND  INSTRUCTIVE  MATTER. 


6 


(a) 


FRATKRNALLY   YOURS, 


EDWIN  A.  SHERMAN, 


HON.  MEM.  SUP.  CON.  S.  J.  U.  S. 

PAST  GRAND  REGISTRAR  OF  THE   GRAND  CONSISTORY  OF  THIS 

STATE  OF  CALIFORNIA,  SECRETARY  OF  THE  MASONIC 

VETERAN  ASSOCIATION  OF  THE  PACIFIC 

COAST,  ETC.,  ETC.,  ETC., 

OAKLAND,  CAI<. 


NEW     EDITION 

OF   THE 

BRIEF-    HISTORY 


OF  THE 


ANCIENT  AND  ACCEPTED  SCOTTISH  RITE 


OF 


FREEMASONRY 


TOGETHER   WITH    A. 


HISTORIC  SKETCH  OF  THE  SO-CALLED  REVIVAL  OF 
FREEMASONRY  IN  1717, 

AND  OTHER  INTERESTING  AND  INSTRUCTIVE  MATTER. 


FOR  THE  INFORMATION   OF   MASTER  MASONS  IN  GENERAL 
AND  OF   BRETHREN   OF   THE   ANCIENT  AND 
ACCEPTED  SCOTTISH  RITE  OF  FREE- 
MASONRY IN  PARTICULAR. 


COMPILED  FROM  THE  MOST  RELIABLE  SOURCES  AND  FROM  THE  MOST 
DISTINGUISHED  HISTORIANS  AND  AUTHORS  EXTANT,  BY 

EDWIN  A.  SHERMAN,  33°, 

HONORARY  MEMBER  OF  THE  SUPREME  COUNCIL  FOR  THE  SOUTHERN  JURISDICTION 
OF  THE   UNITED  STATES  ;  GRAND    KEEPER  OF   THE   SEALS   AND  ARCHIVES  OF 
THE  GRAND  CONSISTORY  OF  CALIFORNIA  ;  WISE  MASTER  OF  GETIISEMANE 
CHAPTER  OF    ROSE  CROIX,   No.   5,   OAKLAND,   CALIFORNIA  ,  SECRE- 
TARY OF  THE  MASONIC  VETERAN  ASSOCIATION  OF  THE  PACIFIC 
COAST  ;    VICK-PRESIDKNT    OF    THE    NATIONAL    CONVEN- 
TION   OF    MASONIC    VETERAN     ASSOCIATIONS    OF 
THE  UNITED  STATES,  ETC.,  ETC.,  ETC. 


OAKLAND,  CALIFORNIA, 
CAKUUTH  A  CARRUTH,  PRINTERS,  520 
June  24,  1890. 


ST. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  June  sth.  1890 

BY  EDWIN  A.  SHERMAN,  33° 
In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  U.  S.  A. 


TO 

THE  MEMORY  OF 
MY  TRUE  FRIEND  AND  BROTHER, 

THE    KIND    AND     COURTEOUS     GENTLEMAN,    THE    LEARNED     AUTHOR,     THB 
PROFOUND    SCHOLAR,    THE   DISTINGUISHED     MASON,    AND   THE    LAW- 
GIVER TO   THE   "ANCIENT    AND   HONORABLE   FRATER- 
NITY   OF    FREE    AND    ACCEPTED    MASONS," 

Albert   CSaUatin   IJtackeQ,   33°, 

LATE  SECRETARY  GENERAL  AND  DEAN  OF  THE  SUPREME  COUNCIL  OF  THE 
33D  DECREE  OF  THE  "  ANCIENT  AND  ACCEPTED  SCOTTISH  RITE  OF 
FREEMASONRY"  FOR  THE  SOUTHERN  JURISDICTION  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES,  PAST  GENERAL  GRAND  HIGH  PRIEST, 
ETC.,  ETC.,   THIS   LITTLE  WORK  IS  MOST 
FRATERNALLY  AND  AFFECTION- 
ATELY   DEDICATED, 

BY  EDWIN  A.  SHERMAN,  33°, 

THE  COMPILER. 

OAKLAND,  CALIFORNIA, 

St.  John  the  Baptises  Uuy, 

June  24111,  1890. 


2067028 


PREFACE. 


In  presenting  this  "NEW  EDITION  OP  A  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 
ANCIENT  AND  ACCEPTED  SCOTTISH  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY"  to  his 
Brethren  of  the  Craft,  a  few  prefatory  remarks  the  Author  deems  to  be  neces- 
sary at  this  time. 

The  first  edition  prepared  by  him  was  under  the  auspices  of  the  Grand 
Consistory  of  the  State  of  California  in  the  month  of  July,  1885,  at  which  time 
he  was  its  Deputy  and  Grand  Lecturer  as  also  the  Deputy  of  111.  Bro.  Charles 
F.  Brown,  33°,  one  of  the  Active  Inspectors-General  for  this  State.  Some 
fifteen  hundred  copies  were  then  printed  and  distributed  gratuitously  among 
the  Brethren  of  the  A.  &  A.  S.  Eite  in  particular,  and  the  Blue  Lodges 
throughout  the  State  of  California  in  general,  the  Grand  Consistory  afterwards 
paying  for  the  printing  and  the  postage  cost  of  distribution,  but  no  compen- 
sation was  made  to  the  writer  for  the  compiling  of  the  work,  which  had  been 
prepared  after  a  great  deal  of  time  expended  in  reading  and  condensing  of  the 
history  of  the  Rite  for  the  object  had  in  view.  Being  printed  only  in  pamph- 
let form,  the  most  of  the  first  edition  was  soon  lost  and  destroyed. 

Many  of  the  Brethren  having  manifested  their  desire  to  have  the  same 
reproduced,  the  writer  had  already  undertaken  the  task  and  it  was  well  under 
way,  when  he  was  written  to  by  the  agent  of  publishers  in  the  East,  and 
solicited  to  prepare  a  portion  of  a  new  and  large  Masonic  work  of  a  more 
general  and  comprehensive  character,  which  will  soon  make  its  appearance. 

In  that  work,  will  appear  an  abridged  portion  of  this,  and  of  the  first 
edition  issued  in  July  1885,  which  the  writer  has  supplied  to  those  publishers 
for  that  work,  but  not  exclusively,  he  retaining  the  original  production  pre- 
pared by  him  in  1885,  as  also  the  present  work  enlarged  and  expanded  with 
notes  and  additional  matter,  which  the  limited  space  allotted -in  the  forth- 
coming publication  by  the  Eastern  publishers  would  not  admit. 

He,  however,  would  most  cordially  commend  the  work  referred  to,  which 
-•s  "  THE  HISTORY  OF  FREEMASONRY  AND  CONCORDANT  ORDERS  "  to  be 
published  by  L.  C.  Hascall  &  Company,  publishers,  New  York  and  Boston, 
U.  S.  A.,  and  which  every  Master  Mason,  Royal  Arch  Companion,  Knight 
Templar  and  Scottish  Rite  Mason  ought  to  have,  and  it  should  be  found  in 
every  Masonic  Library  as  it  will  be  the  best  Masonic  work  of  interest  of  the 
Century,  as  a  general  compendium  of  the  history  of  our  Ancient  and  Honor- 
able Order. 

This  "  NEW  EDITION  OF  THE  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE  ANCIENT  AND 
ACCEPTED  SCOTTISH  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY,  etc.,  herewith  presented,  is 


PREFACE. 

intended  more  as  a  hand-book  for  reference  as  an  epitome  of  history,  instead 
of  a  great  work.  Of  the  abridged  portion  of  this  production,  which  will  be 
published  in  the  greater  work,  the  reviewing  editor,  one  of  the  brightest 
scholars  of  New  England,  Bro.  H.  L.  Stillscn,  K.  T.,  of  Bennington, 
Vermont,  says : 

"  My  verdict  of  it  is,  that  it  is  able,  candid,  intensely  interesting,  and  a 
valuable  contribution.  You  know  I  predicted  that  it  would  be  your  crowning 
effort  for  the  Craft,  and  it  is.  *  *  *  * 

"  I  wonder  how  you  managed  to  comprehend  so  much  of  the 
world's  history  in  so  short  a  space.  There  is  nothing  like  your  production  in 
the  language,  and  allow  me  to  say,  that  I  like  your  treatment  of  the  English 
Reformation,  the  Protectorate,  etc.,  better  than  any  outline  of  it  I  have  ever 
read.  You  may  take  this  as  a  very  great  compliment,  because  I  arn  no 
admirer  of  the  religious  views  of  either  Oliver  Cromwell  or  John  Knox,  but 
I  can  see  and  appreciate  fairness  in  a  historical  writer  as  distinguished  as 
yourself.  Some  standard  historians'  names  would  have  descended  to  posterity 
with  greater  fame,  had  they  approached  you  in  this  characteristic. 

"  Hughan's  " Royal  Order"  which  follows  your  "Scottish  Kite"  and 
is  numbered  chapters  IV.  and  V.  in  connection  with  it,  are  splendidly  written 
and  the  two  will  make  a  Masonic  History  of  themselves." 

After  such  a  flattering  encomium  of  the  abridged  portion  of  this  work  to 
be  embraced  in  the  greater  History  referred  to,  the  writer  feels  confident  that 
this  production  will  be  duly  appreciated  by  the  Brethren  who  may  read  it,  yet 
at  the  same  time  he  urgently  recommends  and  hopes  that  after  reading  this, 
they  will  subscribe  for  and  procure  the  greater  work  of  "  THE  HISTORY  OF 
FREEMASONRY  AND  CONCORDANT  ORDERS"  of  which  this  may  be  said  to  be 
the  "fore-runner"  of  the  "one  that  cometh  after  it  which  is  to  be  preferred  be- 
fore it,"  the  clasps  of  which  he  is  hardly  "worthy  to  unloose,"  where  there  are 
so  many  more  distinguished  writers  than  himself  engaged  upon  it,  who  have 
been  reared  in  the  classic  shades  of  Oxford,  Harvard,  Yale  and  other  colleges, 
while  the  writer  has  spent  more  than  forty  years  of  his  life  upon  the  frontiers 
and  among  the  mountains  and  slopes  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Such  as  it  is,  how. 
ever,  he  commits  it  to  the  destiny  that  awaits  it,  and  patiently  but  confidently 

bides  the  result. 

EDWIN   A.    SHERMAN,   33°. 
OAKLAND,  CALIFORNIA,  July  1,  1890. 


John  L  Pavkovich, 


INTRODUCTION. 


"  He  that  is  first  in  his  own  cause  seemeth  just ;  but  his  neighbor  cometh  and 
searcheth  him." — Prov. 

"Some  things  thou  shalt  fiele  (conceal)  and  some  thou  shall  publish  and  de- 
clare."— £sdras. 

"  No  greater  honor  could  accrue  to  any  man  than  that  of  having  been  the  founder 
of  a  new  school  of  Masonic  history,  in  which  the  fictions  and  loose  statements  of  former 
writers  would  be  rejected,  and  in  which  the  rule  would  be  adopted  that  has  been  laid 
down  as  a  vital  maxim  of  all  inductive  science, — in  words  that  have  been  chosen  as 
his  motto  by  a  recent  powerful  investigator  of  historical  truth:  'Not  to  exceed  and 
not  to  fall  short  of  facts— not  to  add  and  not  to  take  away.  To  state  the  truth,  the 
whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth.'  " — Albert  G.  Mackey. 

When  so  much  has  been  written  and  in  a  controversial  manner  by  dis- 
tinguished Masonic  writers  and  varied  opinions  expressed  by  them  as  if  ex 
cathedra,  that  statements,  conflicting  as  they  may  be,  are  supposed  to  he  taken 
as  positive  facts,  infallible  and  certain,  it  may  be  considered  rash  and  im- 
prudent for  another,  but  unpretentious  writer,  to  enter  the  field  and,  without 
controversial  argument,  attempt  to  give  a  sketch  of  a  Rite  of  Freemasonry  for 
the  benefit  of  the  earnest  seeker  after  Masonic  truth,  which  Rite  is  the  most 
universal  and  deservedly  the  most  popular  and  meritorious  of  all  the  systems 
of  Freemasonry  now  practiced  upon  the  face  of  the  globe — that  of  the 
"ANCI/.NT  AND  ACCEPTED  SCOTTISH  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY,"  under  the 
regularly  constituted  Supreme  Councils  of  the  World. 

Says  Nicholas  de  Bonneville  :  "  The  difficulties  attendant  upon  writing  a 
history  of  Freemasonry,  to  compose  such  a  work,  supported  by  dates  and 
authentic  facts,  it  would  require  a  period  equal  to  ten  times  the  age  of  man." 
This  statement,  though  an  exaggerated  one,  contains  a  very  large  percentage 
of  truth  when  we  consider  the  age  in  which  he  lived  (during  the  latter  part 
of  the  eighteenth  century),  in  which  there  were  more  than  a  hundred  rites 
and  orders  of  Freemasonry,  and  the  number  of  degrees  was  legion,  in  which 
the  various  authors  and  compilers  made  free  use  of  each  other's  inventions  and 
productions  in  compiling  their  own ;  making  alterations  and'  changing  the 
names  of  degrees  (which  was  afterward  followed  to  some  extent  in  America), 
and  as  their  rituals  were  both  written  and  printed,  without  a  copyright  law 
for  protection,  while  per  se  they  were  unable  to  protect  their  productions  from 
infringement  and  being  purloined  bodily  by  their  rival  authors  and  competitors 
and  confusion  being  worse  confounded  by  the  Jesuits,  who  sowed  tares  among 
them  all. 

It  is  a  difficult  matter  for  the  ordinary  American  Freemason  to  under- 
stand or  comprehend  such  a  state  of  apparent  confusion  among  the  Workmen, 


4  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

and  of  so  much  dust  arising  in  cleaning  out  the  rubbish  and  endeavoring  to 
bring  order  out  of  chaos  in  the  efforts  made  to  restore  the  Temple  to  its 
pristine  glory  and  splendor.  And  comparisons,  however  odious,  are  necessary 
to  be  made  to  understand  intelligently  the  status  and  difference  of  condition 
between  American  and  European  Freemasonry  before  entering  upon  this 
work.  Says  Oliver:  "The  Americans  appear  to  be  mote  generally  versed  in 
the  principles  of  the  Order  than  the  brethren  of  this  country  (i.  e.  Great 
Britain),  which  is  owing,  I  conceive,  to  the  genial  operation  of  its  local  Grand 
Lodges.  Every  brother  may  become  a  ruler  of  the  Craft,  and  a  Master  in  Israel,  by 
his  own  meritorious  exertions.  The  offices  of  the  Grand  Lodge  are  open  to  the 
industrious  and  worthy  brethren  who  have  given  proof  of  their  excellence  in 
the  art;  and  this  facility  of  promotion  excites  a  spirit  of  friendly  emulation, 
which  operates  favorably  for  society  at  large.  The  several  Grand  Lodges  also 
are  engaged  in  amicable  contests,  which  shall  carry  out  the  best  interests  of 
Masonry  most  effectually  ;  and  hence  we  find  nothing  in  Masonry  as  it  is  prac- 
ticed there  to  condemn,  but  everything  to  commend.  They  do  not  waste  their 
time  in  talking,  debates  upon  all  speculative  questions  being  left  to  the  several 
committees  or  boards.  The  Grand  Lodges  have  to  determine  merely  upon 
their  reports,  which  are  usually  found  to  be  drawn  up  with  so  much  judgment 
and  discrimination  as  not  to  be  susceptible  of  any  hostile  opinion,  and  hence 
their  members  are  seidbm  in  collision  with  each  other." 

In  Europe  they  go  upon  the  monarchial  principles  and  ideas  expressed  in 
Ecclesiasticus,  which  happily  in  America  are  not  canonical: 

"The  wisdom  of  a  learned  man  cometh  by  opportunity  of  leisure  ;  and  he  that 
hath  little  business  shall  become  •wise. 

"  How  can  fee  get  wisdom  that  holdeth  the  plough  and  that  glorieth  in  the  goad 
that  driveth  oxen,  and  is  occupied  in  their  labors  and  whose  talk  is  of  bullocks  ? 

"  He  giveth  his  mind  to  make  furrows  ;  and  is  diligent  to  give  the  kine  fodder. 

"  So  every  carpenter  and  workmaster  *  *  *  All  these  trust  to  their  hands 
and  every  one  is  wise  in  his  work. 

"  Without  these  cannot  a  city  be  inhabited,  and  they  shall  not  dwell  where  they 
will,  nor  go  up  and  down  ; 

"  They  shall  not  be  sought  for  in  public  counsel,  nor  sit  high  in  the  congrega- 
tion ;  they  shall  not  sit  on  the  judge's  seat  nor  understand  the  sentence  of  judgment ; 
they  cannot  declare  justice  and  judgment ;  and  they  shall  not  be  found  where  parables 
are  spoken.  But  they  will  maintain  the  state  of  the  world,  and  all  their  desire  is  in 
the  work  of  their  craft." 

The  American  Freemason  stands  on  the  broad  level  and  solid  foundation 
of  equality  and  common  citizenship  of  an  absolutely  free  government  of  a 
democratic  republic,  founded  by  his  fathers  in  the  Revolution  of  more  than  a 
century  ago;  which  has  come  to  him  as  a  priceless  legacy  by  inheritance, 
with  no  law  of  primo  geniture  solely  for  the  benefit  of  elder  sons;  and  his 
natural  rights  by  birth  and  citizenship  are  protected  by  constitutional  laws, 
which,  as  a  man  truly  free  born  in  every  sense,  make  him  the  equal  of  a  king, 
while  in  Europe,  from  whence  nearly  all  our  Freemasonry  has  been  originally 
transplanted,  the  European-born  and  created  Craftsman  cannot  experience 
and  feel  that  thrill  of  conscious  manhood  and  equality  at  home  which  inspires 
and  gives  that  freedom  of  action,  of  unobsequious  and  fearless  independence  of 
character  and  tone,  which  distinguishes  his  American  brother  without  arro- 
gance or  superciliousness. 


A.  &  A.  S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  5 

In  England,  Scotland  and  Ireland,  from  whence  we  derive  our  Masonic 
descent,  there  is  the  superincumbent  mass  of  legally  stratified  and  arbitrary 
civil  and  social  pressure  of  not  less  than  sixty-six  divisions  or  layers,  one  above 
the  other,  of  rank  of  royalty,  blooded  and  created  nobility  and  aristocracy, 
consisting  in  the  male  line  of  king,  dukes,  marquises,  earls,  viscounts,  barons, 
baronets,  knighthood,  etc.,  etc.,  etc.,  down  to  and  including  gentlemen-at- 
arms,  before  the  middle  classes  of  merchants,  bankers,  manufacturers  and  the 
professions  are  reached,  with  the  mechanic  and  laborer  at  the  bottom  of  the 
scale  of  British  humanity ;  while  an  equal  if  not  greater  weight,  with  ten- 
fold more  despotic  power  of  caste,  exists  upon  the  continent  of  Europe.  Only 
in  the  United  States  of  America  is  the  dream  of  the  European  Freemason,  of 
liberty,  equality  and  fraternity  materialized  and  made  substantial  and  real ; 
and  here  only,  absolutely  and  completely,  politically  and  Masonically  speaking, 
is  his  faith  lost  in  sight,  his  hope  ended  in  fruition  of  equal  civil  and  religious 
liberty,  and  only  charity  remains  for  him  to  practice  among  his  brethren  in  "  the 
household  of  the  faithful "  in  particular,  and  toward  all  mankind  in  general, 
and  maintain  the  principles  of  our  Order.  In  Europe  and  in  European  colo- 
nies the  Freemason  is  a  graded  subject  according  to  his  civic  rank ;  in  America, 
a  free  citizen,  where  all  are  equal ;  but  everywhere  around  the  globe  a  brother. 

The  Masonic  doctrine  enunciated  by  Thomas  Jefferson  in  the  Declaration 
of  American  Independence,  "We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident  that  all 
men  are  created  equal,  and  that  they  are  endowed  with  certain  inalienable 
rights,  among  which  are  life,  liberty  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness,"  is  the 
American  Freemason's  and  the  true  American  citizen's  creed.  Upon  this  he 
constructs  his  Masonic,  moral,  religious  and  political  edifice,  and  the  Grand 
Lodge  under  whose  particular  jurisdiction  he  may  reside  lays  the  corner-stones 
of  all  public  buildings  erected  by  the  government  of  his  choice,  and  in  which 
he  has  a  vote  and  voice. 

In  Europe  it  is  but  theory  in  part,  and  Freemasonry  lives  under  the 
baleful  shadow  of  united  altar  and  throne.  In  America  it  is  in  both 
theory  and  practice,  unrestrained,  and  lives  and  thrives  under  the  broad 
sunshine  of  well-regulated  liberty  and  under  the  "  starry -decked  heavens" 
which  cover  a  free  republic ;  "a  government  of  the  people,  by  the  people  and 
for  the  people,"  so  well  described  by  the  immortal  Lincoln,  and  said  by 
another,  "And  the  will  of  the  people  is  the  law  of  the  land." 

The  social  and  political  conditions  of  America  and  Europe  are  unequal, 
and  Freemasonry  in  Europe,  by  its  degrees,  was,  and  has  been  for  a  century 
and  three-quarters,  graded  according  to  civic  rank  and  degree  of  aristocracy, 
and  it  will  in  all  probability  continue  to  be  so  for  many  years  to  come,  not- 
withstanding the  strenuous,  erratic  and  extraordinary  efforts  of  our  French 
brethren,  who  are  too  iconoclastic  at  times,  and  who  endeavor  to  remove  and 
obliterate  too  many  of  the  ancient  landmarks. 

Therefore,  it  is,  that  when  American  writers  upon  the  subject  of  Free- 
masonry enter  upon  the  discussion,  research  and  history  fall  into  the  common 
error  of  traveling  in  old  ruts  made  by  others,  like  a  procession  of  pissants, 
and  run  everything  into  the  ground,  and  into  as  great  a  darkness  and  obscurity 
as  existed  before  they  started  out  on  their  expedition,  and  considering  Free- 


6  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

masonry  in  the  abstract  without  regard  to  the  civic  and  social  rank  and  condition 
of  affairs  in  the  Old  World ;  and  each,  in  letting  out  the  string  of  his  kite  to 
cross  the  Atlantic,  to  have  something  attached  to  the  bobs  of  its  tail,  gets  it 
entantangled  abroad  or  it  becomes  too  heavy  to  again  rise,  and  in  pulling  it 
in  finds  that  he  has  miscalculated  the  distance,  by  using  Mercator's  projection 
for  his  trestleboard,  and  not  allowed  for  the  spherical  form  of  the  earth  ;  and 
his  kite  becomes  a  net  with  the  bobs  for  sinkers,  and  he  finds  at  last  that  he 
has  actually  been  engaged  in  deep-sea  soundings  and  gathering  shrimps  in  the 
Atlantic  instead  of  bringing  down  illumination  from  the  stars  of  an  European 
sky. 

Some  of  them  might  have  learned  a  lesson  from  our  own  illustrious 
Masonic  exemplar  and  philosopher,  Benjamin  Franklin,  who,  before  he 
ventured  upon  the  shores  of  the  Old  World  to  lecture  upon  the  science  of 
electricity,  saw  fit  to  test  the  truth  of  his  reasoning  and  philosophy  by  tapping 
the  battery  in  the  clouds  immediately  over  his  head  at  the  risk  of  burning  his 
fingers  and  receiving  a  shock  of  enlightenment  such  as  is  not  usually  given  in 
the  prescribed  formalities  of  the  Craft. 

When  the  cord  was  loosened  or  cut  in  Europe  that  bound  Operative  and 
Speculative  Freemasonry  together,  and  a  division  of  copartnership  property 
took  place,  the  Speculative  portion  retained  the  working  tools  as  symbols  only 
to  illustrate  and  inculcate  moral  truths ;  and  though  in  the  Master's  Degree  the 
candidate  was  informed  that  he  was  "entitled  to  the  knowledge  and  use  of  all  the 
instruments  and  working  tools  iudiscriminatelv,"  "but  more  especially  the  trowel," 
which  has  a  beautiful  moral  connected  with  its  use,  and  in  America  has  its  ap- 
propriate signification,  yet  in  Europe  its  real  meaning  is  adroitly  and  covertly 
concealed.  If  the  brother  should  significantly  attempt  to  make  use  of  the 
drawing  intruments  by  which  symbolically  he  should  attempt  to  alter  or  im- 
prove the  plan  of  architecture  of  social  and  civic  rank  and  seek  to  rise  above 
his  station  in  life,  the  condition  of  his  birth  and  education,  he  would  very 
quickly  receive  the  admonition,  "  Ne  sutor  ultra  crepidam"  ("Let  not  the 
cobbler  overstep  his  last".)  Or,  in  other  words,  he  would  be  directed  to  con- 
fine himself  to  the  trowel  and  mortar-board  alone,  and  outside  upon  the  walls 
of  the  Temple,  and  not  attempt  anything  in  the  way  of  ornament  or  elegance 
within,  which  belongs  only  to  his  superiors  by  circumstance  of  birth  and 
degree  of  condition.  It  would  be  implied  by  manner,  if  not  actually  spoken, 
<l  We,  who  are  your  superiors,  can  for  a  few  brief  moments  condescend  to  come 
down  to  your  level ;  but  you  must  not  presume  to  ascend  to  ours,  for,  if  you 
do,  you  had  better  emigrate." 

That  is  the  actual  difference  of  the  status  between  an  American  and  an 
European  Freemason — has  ever  been,  is  now,  and  will  continue  to  be  until 
Europe  overturns  these  layers  of  stratified  royalty,  nobility  and  aristocracy, 
where  liberty  is  bayoneted  to  the  cross,  and  the  crown  with  the  tiara  or  mitre 
have  been  riveted  together  in  the  union  of  the  Church  and  State. 

There  is  a  secret  tradition  that  King  Solomon  had  got  tired  of  the  archi- 
tect of  the  Temple,  who  was  the  representative  of  the  people,  and  who  had 
risen  from  their  level  to  become  the  companion  of  kings.  The  necessity  of 
personal  intercourse  during  the  construction  of  the  Temple  had  made  his 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  7 

architect  familiar  with  that  royalty  which  was  but  recent  and  in  the  second 
generation  only  ;  and  the  Tyrian  architect  regarded  Solomon  as  but  a  man 
and  the  son  of  a  shepherd  who,  by  a  chain  of  fortuitous  circumstances,  had 
succeeded  the  first  occupants  of  the  throne  upon  the  change  of  the  autonomy 
and  form  of  government  of  the  people  of  Israel. 

King  Solomon,  being  jealous  of  his  power  and  glory,  and  determined  that 
no  other  monarch  should  erect  a  similar  temple  of  equal  magnificence  and 
splendor,  is  said  to  have  himself,  secretly  and  surreptitiously,  secured  the 
plans  and  the  last  designs  drawn  upon  the  trestle-board  of  the  Temple  and 
secretly  contrived  the  plot  whereby  his  chief  architect  might  be  removed,  that 
no  other  king  or  nation  should  be  able  to  secure  his  services  ;  while  his  grief 
and  indignation  were  simulated  and  hypocritical,  and  the  unconscious  instru- 
ments of  his  purpose  performed  the  part  they  were  incited  to  enact,  not 
knowing  who  was  the  actual  chief  conspirator  whose  will  they  had  carried 
out,  when  they  supposed  that  they  were  only  executing  their  own,  and  yet 
received  the  decision  of  their  fate  at  his  hands,  the  chief  criminal  and  conspir- 
ator acting  as  their  judge,  from  whose  royal  decree  there  was  no  appeal.  Be 
the  tradition  true  or  false,  yet  in  European  Freemasonry  the  same  spirit  to  a 
certain  extent  still  prevails,  and  there  are  not  a  few  in  America  at  the  present 
time  but  who  have  imbibed  the  same. 

While  American  Freemasonry  retains  the  form,  in  a  modified  degree,  of 
that  of  its  progenitors,  and  fraternal  intercourse  everywhere  necessar:ly 
exists  under  restrictions,  yet  its  spirit  and  teachings  are  those  which  are  best 
adapted  to  a  free  people,  where  each  individual  is  the  equal  and  peer  of  his 
fellows  in  the  freedom  and  integrity  of  manhood  and  wiili  equal  rights,  honors, 
privileges,  duties  and  responsibilities  of  brotherhood  and  citizenship  ;  and  any 
rite  of  Freemasonry,  order  or  society  of  any  kind  which  has  been  heretofore, 
or  hereafter  may  be  transplanted  from  European  to  American  soil  that  does 
not  in  due  time,  and  after  a  fair  trial,  conform  to  American  principles  of  free 
self-government  by  its  adherents  must,  as  it  ought  to  do,  cease  to  havs,  an  ex- 
istence on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 

In  this  spirit  of  the  teachings  of  true  Freemasonry,  stripped  of  its  sur- 
plusage, the  writer  approaches  the  task  before  him,  to  be  found  in  the  follow- 
ing chapters,  and  if  a  thorough  experience  of  thirty-six  years  of  a  Masonic 
life  (twenty-three  of  which  have  been  officially  spent  in  the  Ancient  and 
Accepted  Scottish  Rite),  of  careful  study,  research,  and  intercourse  with  not  a 
few  of  the  wisest  and  best,  who  have  been,  and  some  still  living  are,  orna- 
ments to  the  Fraternity,  who  have  illuminated  the  pages  of  the  history  of 
their  country  and  of  Freemasonry,  has  not  taught  him  anything  of  value  that 
he  may  impart  to  his  "  Brethren  of  the  Mystic  Tie,"  then  has  his  whole 
Masonic  life  been  misspent  and  his  present  efforts  useless  and  vain. 

As  the  bee-hive,  in  a  healthy  condition,  without  drones  or  moths  to  eat 
out  and  destroy  its  substance,  represents  a  well-regulated  and  well-governed 
Lodge  and  each  individual  a  worker-bee,  armed  for  its  own  defense  and  of  its 
hive,  goes  forth  to  its  unlimited  field  of  labor  independent  and  free,  gathers 
the  pollan  and  nectar  of  flowers  for  the  sustenance  of  itself  and  its  fellows,  and 
all  working  to  the  same  common  purpose  and  end;  so  the  writer,  like  the  bee 


8  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF   THE 

whether  gathering  from  the  roses  and  daisies  of  England,  the  thistles  nnd 
heather  of  Scotland,  the  willows  of  Germany,  the  lillies  of  France,  or  the 
honey-dew  of  America,  which  everywhere  abounds,  endeavor  to  contribute 
something  of  the  fruit  of  his  labors  to  the  common  stock,  carefully  avoiding 
the  poison  of  dogwood  blooms,  the  distillation  of  deadly  nightshade  and 
noxious  vegetation  which  might  be  injurious  to  his  fellows  and  make  un- 
healthy the  condition  of  the  Masonic  hive. 

Fraternally  yours, 

OAKLAND,  CALIFORNIA,   ^  EDWIN  A.  SHERMAN,  33°. 

St.  John  the  Baptist's  Day," 
June  24th,  1890. 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY. 


CHAPTER  I. 


THE  COXTEMPORAXEOUS    HISTORY    COEVAL   WITH   THE  DAWN 

AXD    RISE   OF   SPECULATIVE   OR    PHILOSOPHICAL 

FREEMASOXRY    IN    EUROPE. 

"The  Grand  Kabalistic  Association  known  in  Europe  under  the  name  of 
"FREKMA?OXRY"  appeared  all  at  once  in  the  world  at  the  period  when  the 
Protest  against  the  Papal  Power  came  to  break  the  Christian  unity."  The 
destruction  of  the  Order  of  Knights  Templar  and  the  burning  at  the  stake  of 
Jacques  De  Molay,  their  last  Grand  Master,  in  Paris,  on  the  llth  of  March, 
1313,  with  thousands  of  others  proscribed  or  persecuted  to  their  death  under 
the  pretext  of  heresy,  and  who  were  excommunicated  and  scattered  under  the 
terrible  conspiracy  of  Pope  Clement  V.,  Philip  the  Fair  of  France  and  the 
ultramontane  Order  of  Knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  who  received  as  a 
reward  for  their  perfidy  the  possessions  of  the  Templars  in  the  islands  of 
Rhodes  and  of  Malta  (and  receiving  a  new  title,  that  of  the  "  Knights  of 
Malta"),  caused  the  remnants  of  Knights  Templars  to  seek  refuge  in  other 
countries  than  their  own,  where  they  might  enjoy  "  life,  liberty  and  the  pur- 
suit of  happiness." 

One  portion  fled  to  Germany,  where  they  found  protection  under  an 
excommunicated  Emperor,  who  incorporated  them  into  a  branch  of  the 
Teutonic  Order  of  Knights  of  St.  Mary,  who  had  fought  by  their  side  against 
the  Saracens  under  Saladin  in  the  wars  of  the  Crusades.  Their  beauseant,  or 
battle-flag,  of  black  and  white  in  the  form  of  a  pennon  (or  swallow  tail), 
which  they  could  no  longer  carry,  was  taken  from  them,  the  swallow-tail  part 
cut  off,  and  that  they  might  always  be  able  to  see  their  colors  and  to  remind 
them  of  the  blood  of  the  martyred  Templars,  so  unjustly  and  wickedly  put  to 
death,  the  broad  red  stripe  was  placed  under  it  and  adopted  as  the  flag  of 
Germany,  which  still  continues  to  be  the  standard  of  that  nation  to-day  under 
the  house  of  Brandenburg. 

Being  no  longer  bound  by  the  vows  of  a  military  priesthood  and  of 
chastity  in  Germany,  some  of  them  contracted  matrimonial  alliances  whh 
their  own  country  women ;  yet,  to  distinguish  their  origin  and  maintain  a 
distinct  organ izat ion  within  themselves  and  that  their  wrongs  might  not  be 
forgotten,  they  adopted  a  name  after  that  of  the  founder  of  the  Order  of  the 
Temple,  Hugo  de  Payens  de  Guenoc,  which  became  a  password  among  them 
for  their  greater  security,  from  which  fact,  and  the  origin  of  their  Order  and 
distinction  nnd  condemned  as  heretics,  they  came  to  be  more  generally  and 
popularly  known  as  ':  Lies  HUGUKXOTS."  Having  preserved  their  blood  and 


ro  ERIEF  HISTORY  OF   THE 

language  distinct  they  gradually  returned  to  France,  from  which  in  after 
years,  upon  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  in  1085,  they  were  again 
rolibed  of  their  property,  expelled  from  France  and  driven  to  other  countries — 
being  a  repetition  of  the  same  thing  which  in  1313  had  been  visited  upon 
their  ancestors,  the  Knights  Templars. 

The  remnants  of  Knights  Templars  in  Fngland,  Scotland  and  Ireland 
were  ordered  to  dissolve  their  organization,  disband  and  become  incorporated 
with  the  English  branch  of  Knights  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem  (or  Knights  of 
Malta),  to  enter  their  priories  and  preceptories,  or  suffer  the  like  consequences 
as  had  been  visited  upon  their  brethren  in  France  and  throughout  Southern 
Europe.  Edward  II.,  the  son-in-law  of  their  bitter  foe  (Philip  the  Fair  of 
France),  was  then  on  the  throne  of  England,  and  equally  fierce  in  his  deter- 
mination to  carry  out  the  relentless  measures  of  persecution  against  the 
Templars  in  his  dominion. 

America  had  not  then  been  discovered,  and  there  was  no  place  of  refuge  in 
Ihe  British  Isles  except  in  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland,  then  harrassed  by  raids 
from  England  across  the  border  and  threatened  with  subjugation  by  Edward  II. 
It  was  a*  a  true  when  Robert  the  Bruce,  the  rightful  heir  to  the  Scottish 
tin-one,  was  eoniending  for  the  freedom  and  independence  of  Scotland  and  his 
l:t  vful  in1  erit'uu'c  to  the  crown.  To  him  this  remnant  ,">f  Knights  Templars 
lie. I  for  protection.  He  had  led  a  portion  of  them  in  the  wars  of  the  Holy 
1  and,  to  regain  possession  of  the  sepulchre  of  Christ.  Their  faith  in  him 
did  not  prove  groundless,  but  the  name  of  Knight  Templar,  as  elsewhere 
throughout  Europe,  had  to  be  dropped  on  account  of  the  hostility  and  power 
o!'  iheir  enemies,  and  that  branch  was  incorporated  by  Bruce  into  the  Order  of 
"  Knights  of  St.  Andrew  of  Scotland,"  of  Chardon,  or  of  the  Thistle,  which, 
with  their  aid  on  St.  John  the  Baptists'  Day,  the  24th  of  June,  1314  (a  little 
more  than  a  year  after  their  last  Grand  Master,  De  Molay,  had  been  burned 
at  the  stake),  at  the  Battle  of  Bannockburn  the  forces  of  Edward  II.  were 
overthrown,  the  independence  of  Scotland  was  secured,  and  Robert  Bruce  was 
restored  to  the  throne.  In  honor  of  the  victory  secured  by  him  on  that  day 
he  instituted  the  Order  of  the  Rosy  Cross,  which  served  alike  for  the  Knights 
of  St.  An  Irew  of  Scotland  and  the  Knights  Templars,  who  had  been  incorpor- 
ated into  that  Order.  That  in  the  persecutions,  suffering,  death,  burial, 
resurrection  and  ascension  of  the  Saviour  the  Knights  Templars  might  see 
symbolized  the  persecution,  suffering  and  death  of  their  Grand  Master,  De 
Molay,  and  the  resurrection  of  their  lost  cause  and  restoration  of  their  posses- 
sions wrongfully  held  by  the  Knights  of  Malta;  while  as  Scottish  Knights  of 
St.  Andrew  they  saw  the  past  woes  of  Scotland,  her  deep  misery  and  degrada- 
tion heaped  upon  her  by  the  same  relentless  foe,  and  which  had  now  risen, 
with  their  aid,  to  a  glorious  independence,  with  the  brightest  hopes  of  peace, 
prosperity  and  happiness  before  her.  An  example  afterward  followed  suc- 
cessfully in  more  modern  times  by  the  Carbonari  Patriot  Masons  of  Italy 
against  the  remorseless  oppression  of  the  Papal  tyranny,  and  which  at  last, 
with  the  aid  of  such  distinguished  Masons  and  patriots  as  Garibaldi,  Mazzini, 
Cavour  and  others,  under  Victor  Emanuel,  who  secured  the  freedom  and  unity 
of  Italy,  with  Rome  for  its  capital,  and  overthrew  the  power  of  the  Pope; 


A.   &  A.  S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  n 

which  condition  is  still  continued  by  King  Humbert  at  the  present  day,  with 
rights  of  conscience  enjoyed  by  all,  and  Masons  and  others  are  no  longer 
immured  in  dungeons  to  die  of  starvation  or  be  tortured  by  the  Inquisition  for 
having  a  copy  of  the  Bible,  our  Great  Light,  in  their  possession. 

From  the  loins  of  the  old  Knights  Templars  of  Great  Britain  and  France 
and  Germany  sprang  the  Fathers  of  Freemasonry  and  the  Reformation ;  and 
to  them  is  the  Masonic  world  indebted  for  all  that  there  is  of  Speculative 
Freemasonry,  their  colleges  of  science  and  philosophy,  with  the  grand  triune 
principles  of  Liberty,  Equality  and  Fraternity  emblazoned  on  its  banners, 
with  the  interlaced  triangles  of  Faith,  Hope  and  Charity. 

The  subsequent  wars  between  England  and  Scotland  caused  many  to  flee 
from  Scotland  to  the  Continent  and  seek  asylum  in  France  and  Germany,  and 
to  again  return  to  their  native  land  when  the  times  were  more  propitious  and 
there  were  favorable  opportunities.  And  for  nearly  five  hundred  years  the 
chivalry  of  Scotland  was  in  constant  migration  to  and  from  the  Continent, 
and  it  was  but  natural  that  during  that  long  period  those  descended  from  the 
Knights  Templars  of  Scotland,  when  seeking  an  asylum  abroad,  where  they 
were  welcomed  as  friends  and  given  protection,  should  carefully  seek  out  those 
of  the  same  blood  and  visit  the  localities  where  once  had  stood  the  priories 
and  preceptories  of  their  Templar  ancestry.  In  those  times  Scotchmen  gen- 
erally traveled  in  foreign  countries  while  the  English  landsman  remained  at 
home. 

The  minstrelsy  of  Europe  still  sang  the  songs  and  related  the  stories  and 
tales  of  the  deeds  of  the  chivalrous  Crusaders,  which  kept  up  the  martial  spirit 
of  the  knighthood,  whose  powers  and  achievements  in  arms  were  turned  in  other 
directions,  while  the  strides  of  the  Reformation  through  streams  and  seas  of 
blood  and  persecution  for  three  centuries,  changed  the  character  of  nearly  the 
whole  of  the  population  of  Europe  and  converted  the  Island  of  Great  Britain 
into  a  home  of  refuge  for  the  persecuted,  exiled  reformers,  fleeing  before  the 
armies  of  the  Papacy,  led  by'those  bloodhounds  in  human  form,  the  Dominicans 
and  Jesuits.  On  the  Continent  of  Europe  Operative  Freemasonry  was  com- 
paratively at  a  halt.  The  renunciation  of  the  Papal  authority  by  Henry  VIII. 
and  declaring  the  English  Church  independent  of  the  Vatican,  and  the  encour- 
agement given  to  the  Operative  Freemasons  in  the  erection  of  new  church 
edifices  that  were  to  be  used  for  the  preaching  of  the  Gospel  according  to  St. 
John  the  "  Beloved  Disciple,"  and  not  that  of  the  so-calle$  successor  to  St. 
Peter,  added  fresh  fuel  to  the  fire  of  the  wrath  of  the  Pope  at  Rome. 

When  Elizabeth,  upon  the  death  of  "  Bloody  Mary,"  was  called  to  the 
throne,  both  England  and  Scotland  were  in  a  constant  state  of  inflammation, 
consequent  upon  the  great  religious  conflicts  and  warfare  which  extended 
throughout  Christendom.  Under  her  patronage  a  new  style  of  architecture 
was  introduced,  called  the  "  Elizabethean"  and  newer  designs  were  being  drawn 
upon  the  trestle-boards  by  the  Master  Workmen  of  the  Craft,  while  the 
noblest  spirits,  poets,  scholars  and  philosophers  of  the  age  found  patronage 
and  protection  at  the  hands  of  this  masculine  "Virgin  Queen  of  England," 
against  whom  the  thunders  of  the  Vatican  roared  in  vain,  and  the  daggers  of 
its  Jesuit  assassins  failed  when  directed  at  the  breast  of  their  intended  royal 
victim. 


12  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

Scotland  felt  the  impulse  and  force  of  the  waves  of  commotion  and  revo- 
lution of  mental  and  religious  changes,  caused  by  the  upheaval  and  resistless 
forces  of  the  Great  Reformation,  and  when  Elizabeth  passed  away  on  the 
24th  of  March,  1603,  and  was  succeeded  by  James  VI.,  the  Protestant  King  of 
Scotland,  who  became  James  I.  of  England,  uniting  the  thrones  of  both 
•countries  on  July  25th,  1603,  in  the  very  dawn  of  the  seventeenth  century — 
an  age  of  stupendous  convulsions  and  disturbances,  which  shook  the  British 
Isles  to  their  foundations,  and  were  the  cause  of  forced  as  well  as  voluntary 
expatriations  and  first  peopling  the  Atlantic  shores  of  America  with  English 
colonies,  along  the  watery  edge  of  a  rock-rimmed  wilderness  peopled  with 
hostile  savages,  but  where  the  vision  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist  was  fully 
materialized  in  after  years  in  the  form  of  civil  and  religious  liberty.  "And 
the  woman  fled  into  the  wilderness,  where  she  hath  a  place  prepared  of  God." 
"  And  to  the  woman  were  given  two  wings  of  a  great  eagle,  that  she  might 
fly  into  the  wilderness,  into  her  place  where  she  is  nourished  *  *  *  from 
the  face  of  the  serpent." 

Eeligious  freedom  in  part  was  secured,  the  Scottish  King  of  England  and 
the  United  Kingdom  has  the  "Great  Light"  brought  forth  and  translated 
out  of  the  dead  tongues  and  given  to  the  people,  and  read  openly  in  the 
churches  in  a  language  that  can  be  heard  and  all  understand.  He  provides 
an  honored  place  for  it  in  public  processions,  in  the  coronation  ceremonies, 
to  be  forever  used  in  the  crowning  of  the  Protestant  kings  of  Great  Britain 
and  none  others,  and  from  which  in  after  years  the  same  ceremonies  modified 
are  to  be  continually  used  in  the  installations  of  Master  of  Lodges  of  Free- 
masonry and  other  ceremonies  of  the  Craft.  Rome  has  nothing  to  expect  in 
her  favor  from  James  I.,  and  through  her  deadly  corps  of  Jesuit  conspirators 
and  assassins  attempts  to  destroy  both  James  I.  and  the  Parliament  of  England 
by  blowing  them  into  the  air.  Fortunately  for  him  and  his  kingdom  and 
humanity,  the  "  Gunpowder  Plot"  fails,  and  the  immediate  conspirators  and 
assassins  meet  the  due  punishment  of  their  intended  crime,  while  the  Pope,  in 
anger  and  disappointment,  says  low  mass  for  the  repose  of  their  damned  souls. 

The  first  quarter  of  the  century  passes  away,  terminating  his  reign  on  the 
throne  by  a  natural  death,  on  the  27th  of  March,  1625,  and  he  is  succeeded  by 
his  eldest  son,  Charles  I.,  but  during  the  latter's  reign,  midst  civil  war  and 
revolutions,  having  married  Henrietta  Marie  (daughter  of  Henry  IV.  of 
France),  a  Roman  Catholic  wife,  and  imported  a  retinue  and  horde  of  priests 
and  Jesuits  with  her  from  France,  the  realm  was  rent  with  revolution,  wars 
and  bloodshed,  until  at  last  he  was  brought  to  trial  by  Parliament,  and  two 
years  before  the  first  half  of  the  century  closes  he  is  beheaded,  on  the  30th  of 
January,  1648,  for  his  treason  to  the  British  constitution  and  to  the  people. 

In  the  midst  of  these  wars  and  troubles  Operative  Freemasonry  was 
inactive  and  silent,  while  Speculative  Freemasonry,  in  connection  with  it,  as 
we  now  have  it,  had  not  been  dreamed  of  by  the  wisest  of  philosophers  and 
scholars  of  those  days.  The  protectorate  of  Cromwell,  however,  materially 
•changed  this  state  of  affairs.  On  the  pacification  of  the  people  and  the  restor- 
ation of  peace,  the  affairs  of  Great  Britain  underwent  a  favorable  transforma- 
tion, and  he  caused  her  flag  to  be  honored  at  home,  respected  abroad  and 


A.   &  A.   S.    RITE   OF  FREEMASOXRY.  13 

dreaded  by  her  enemies  throughout  the  world.  At  home  the  schools  and 
universities  advanced  to  a  higli  state  of  improvement  and  culture;  commerce, 
manufactures  and  navigation  flourished  to  a  degree  that  had  never  been 
reached  beforehand  the  erection  of  magnificent  buildings  and  structures  had 
begun  to  a  liberal  extent,  giving  employment  to  architects  and  guild  of  Free- 
nuKons  in  their  construction,  when  suddenly  it  was  brought  to  a  dead  stop  by 
the  death  of  Cromwell  on  the  3d  of  September,  1658.  The  year  and  a  half  that 
his  son  Richard  ruled  as  the  Protector  of  the  Commonwealth  was  not  marked 
with  any  event  of  importance,  and  the  tide  of  progress  and  good  government 
was  to  be  turned  back,  and  all  the  evils  which  could  be  brought  upon  a  nation 
within  itself  were  consummated  upon  the  accession  of  Charles  II.  to  the  throne 
on  the  29th  of  May,  1660;  and  for  the  twenty-five  years  of  his  reign  of  revenge 
profligacy,  debauchery  and  immorality,  no  period  of  the  world's  history  since 
the  days  just  before  the  flood  has  there  been  its  equal  among  any  people.  If  he 
could  have  covered  his  kingdom  with  a  roof  he  would  have  converted  it  into 
a  general  house  of  prostitution,  if  he  had  been  able  to  entirely  debauch  and 
corrupt  the  people.  During  his  reign,  in  the  Summer  of  1664  the  Great 
Plague  broke  out  in  London  and  spread  over  the  kingdom,  and  in  London 
alone,  in  the  short  space  of  four  months,  not  less  than  one  hundred  thousand 
people  were  swept  away  by  its  ravages.  Two  years  afterward,  on  the  3d  of 
September,  1666,  the  Great  Fire  of  London  broke  out,  which  raged  for  three 
days,  in  which  over  thirteen  thousand  houses  and  ninety  churches  were 
dotroyed,  including  St.  Paul's,  which  was  also  laid  in  ashes.  To  restore  and 
rebuild  the  city  caused  the  influx  of  an  immense  gathering  of  Operative 
Masons  from  all  over  the  kingdom  and  from  abroad  to  find  employment  in 
London,  which  also  received  a  new  addition  of  population  from  the  expatriated 
Huguenots  from  France  and  other  religious  reformers,  who,  in  exile,  sought 
security  from  persecution,  hoping  to  find  that  freedom  of  conscience  denied 
them  at  home.  These  people  having  to  depend  upon  their  own  industry  for 
their  maintenance  fused  with  the  guilds  of  London  and  the  other  cities  in  their 
various  branches  of  labor  and  swelled  the  ranks  of  Operati/e  Freemasons  and 
other  organizations,  and  indoctrinated  them  with  their  own  ideas  of  religious 
liberty. 

On  the  6th  day  of  February,  1685,  the  world  was  relieved  of  the  presence 
of  Charles  II.,  and  on  the  23d  of  April  following  (1685)  his  brother,  James  IL, 
jiM.vnded  the  throne,  and  the  last  of  the  male  line  of  the  Stewarts  was 
crowned  King  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  But  he,  treacherous  and  false  to 
his  oath,  after  four  years'  efforts  to  restore  the  supremacy  of  the  Papacy,  is 
forced  to  abdicate  by  the  people  and  driven  into  exile,  from  whence  he 
returns  to  make  one  more,  and  the  last,  but  fruitless  effort  to  regain  his  throne. 

The  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  by  Louis  XIV.  of  France  in  1685f 
had  driven  a  million  of  Huguenots,  with  their  families,  to  England,  Holland 
and  America,  and  William  of  Nassau  and  Prince  of  Orange — the  grandson  of 
"William  the  Silent  and  great-grandson  of  Coligny,  the  Huguenot  Admiral  of 
France,  slain  at  the  Massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew — was  called  to  the  throne, 
with  the  Protestant  daughter  of  James  II.  as  Queen,  and  they  were  jointly 
crowned  as  William  III.  and  Mary  II.,  Kiug  and  Queen  of  Great  Britain, 
Ireland  and  the  Colonial  Dependencies. 


I4  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF    THE 

The  joy  which  prevailed  throughout  Great  Britain  and  the  American 
Colonies  knew  no  bounds,  and  only  in  Ireland  was  there  discontent  and  rebellion, 
which  was  speedily  settled  by  the  victory  of  William  the  Prince  of  Orange 
over  the  combined  armies  of  the  Papal  French  invaders  and  Irish  rebels  under 
James  II.,  at  the  Battle  of  the  Boyne,  in  Ireland,  on  the  12th  of  July,  1690 
(or  just  two  hundred  years  ago),  when  peace  was  restored  throughout  the 
entire  kingdom.  The  augmentation  of  the  population  by  the  forced  emigra- 
tion of  the  Huguenots  from  France  made  up  the  loss  of  those  destroyed  by 
the  Great  Plague,  and  many  of  them  entered  the  army  and  navy,  gave 
valuable  assistance  in  winning  the  victories  over  the  invaders  and  rebels  in 
Ireland.  Others,  skilled  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  scholars  and  philosophers, 
were  settled  all  over  the  kingdom;  but  a  large  proportion  were  domiciled  in 
in  London  and  the  other  cities  of  the  realm. 

The  seeds  of  the  Reformation  sown  in  Scotland  in  the  middle  of  the 
sixteenth  century  by  John  Knox,  had  borne  abundant  fruit  and  transformed 
nearly  the  whole  people,  excepting  a  few  clans  in  the  Highlands.  In  1546, 
he,  with  his  people,  had  entered  the  Castle  of  St.  Andrews  as  a  place  of  safety 
from  the  Romish  clergy,  but  in  1547  they  were  compelled  to  surrender  to  the 
combined  forces  of  the  Roman  Catholics  of  Scotland  and  France.  Knox  was 
taken  a  prisoner  to  France  and  forced  to  work  as  a  slave  in  the  galleys  for 
two  years,  when  he  was  released  and  returned  to  Scotland  and  again  entered 
upon  "  his  preaching  with  his  best  beloved  brethren  of  the  congregation  of 
the  Castle  of  St.  Andrews." 

The  constant  wars,  civil  and  foreign  combined,  in  Scotland,  the  destruc- 
tion of  castles  and  fortresses  as  well  as  edifices,  gave  the  opportunity  in  .limes 
of  peace  for  the  employment  to  the  Operative  Freemasons  to  rebuild  And 
repair  the  damages  and  ravages  of  war,  while  the  principles  of  civil  and  relig- 
ious liberty  steadily  inculcated  among  the  people,  found  a  secure  lodgment 
among  the  brethren  of  the  Craft,  to  whom  the  Great  Light  had  been  specially 
intrusted  for  safe  keeping,  which  they  were  enabled  to  read  by  the  three  lesser 
lights,  themselves  a  symbol  of  Divine  truth,  that,  being  placed  in  trian- 
gular form,  produced  one  light  without  one  candle  casting  a  shadow  upon  the 
other  (as  there  would  be  if  two  or  more  were  placed  in  line),  thus  represent- 
ing or  illustrating  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity  of  the  Godhead  or  his  attributes- 

Upon  the  accession  of  William  III.  the  Prince  of  Orange  to  the  throne, 
confidence  was  restored  throughout  the  kingdom,  and  he,  recognizing  the 
peaceful  character,  industry  and  loyalty  of  the  Craft,  whose  occupation  was  to 
build,  and  not  destroy,  directed  that  their  aprons  and  other  'insignia  to  be 
bordered  with  blue  as  a  mark  of  union  and  fidelity,  which  afterward  (in  1730) 
became  a  standing  regulation,  from  which  time  "  Ancient  Craft  Masonry"  has 
been  termed  "  Blue  Masonry"  and  the  Lodges  "Blue  Lodges,"  and  are  thus 
designated  and  known  as  such  throughout  the  world.  It  is  well  to  note  in 
this  connection  that  the  Huguenot  colors  were  blue  and  white,  and  blue  is  the 
color  of  Scotland. 

It  was  during  the  latter  half  of  the  seventeenth  century  that  the  nebulae 
of  Speculative  or  Philosophic  Freemasonry  was  gradually  taking  the  form  of 
a  solar  and  stellar  system  in  conjunction  with  the  operative,  as  being  accepted 


A.  &  A.   S.    RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  15 

in  addition  to  that  which  it  already  possessed.  It  was  during  this  period  that 
the  Craft  was  chiefly  under  the  direction  and  charge  of  one  whose  name  in 
history  is,  and  always  will  be,  inseparable  from  that  of  Freemasonry — Sir 
Christopher  Wren. 

"This  man  (the  son  of  a  rector  of  the  Established  Church)  was  born 
October  20th,  1632,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  When  fourteen  years  of  age  he 
entered  Wadharn  College,  Oxford,  as  a  gentleman  commoner,  and  was  even 
then  distinguished  for  his  mathematical  knowledge  and  for  having  invented 
several  astronomical  and  mathematical  instruments.  In  1645  he  became  a 
member  of  the  Scientific  Club  connected  with  Gresham  College,  from  which 
the  Royal  Society  subsequently  arose.  In  1657  he  removed  permanently  to 
London,  having  been  elected  Professor  of  Astronomy  at  Gresham  College. 
He  was  not  professionally  an  architect,  but  from  his  youth  he  had  devoted 
much  time  to  its  theoretic  study,  and  during  the  Parliamentary  wars  and  the 
rule  of  the  protectorate  under  Cromwell  he  kept  away  entirely  from  the  con- 
tests of  party.  In  1660  he  was  appointed  by  Charles  II.  one  of  a  commission 
to  superintend  the  restoration  of  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Paul's,  which  had  been 
much  dilapidated,  but  before  the  designs  could  be  carried  out  the  Great  Fire 
of  London  occurred,  in  which  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  was  also  reduced  to  ashes, 
and  in  1665  Wren  went  to  Paris  and  other  cities  of  the  continent  to  study  the 
designs  of  the  various  churches  and  other  public  buildings.  While  assistant 
to  Sir  John  Denham,  the  Surveyor-General,  he  directed  his  attention  to  the 
restoration  of  the  burnt  portion  of  the  city,  and  in  1667  he  was  appointed 
Surveyor-General  and  Chief  Architect,  and  as  such  he  erected  a  large  number 
of  churches,  the  Royal  Exchange,  Greenwich  Observatory  and  other  public 
edifices.  But  his  crowning  work  and  masterpiece  is  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Paul, 
commenced  in  1675  and  finished  in  1710;  but  the  cap-stone  was  laid  in  1708, 
at  which  there  was  a  great  celebration." — Hockey. 

One  writer  says  that  "  Christopher  Wren  was  the  President  of  the  London 
Guild  of  Freemasons  at  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth  (under  the  Protector- 
ate of  Oliver  Cromwell)  ;  that  they  held  their  meetings  secret  in  the  Common 
Hall  of  Freemasons,  and  that  their  real  object  was  political — the  restoration  of 
the  monarchy — hence  the  necessary  exclusion  of  the  public  and  the  oaths  of 
secrecy  enjoined  on  the  members.  The  pretense  of  promoting  architecture 
and  the  choice  of  the  place  where  to  hold  their  meetings,  suggested  by  their 
President,  were  no  more  than  blinds  to  deceive  the  existing  government." — 
C.  W.  King. 

Another  writer  says:  "This  day,  May  the  18th,  being  Monday,  1691, 
after  Rogation  Sunday,  is  a  great  convention  at  St.  Paul's  Church  of  the 
fraternity  of  the  ADOPTED  MASONS,  where  Sir  Christopher  Wren  is  to  be 
adopted  a  Brother  and  Sir  Henry  Goodrich  of  the  Tower,  and  divers  others. 
There  have  been  Kings  that  have  been  of  this  sodality." — Aubrey. 

From  these  two  facts  it  is  evident  that  Wren,  being  the  son  of  a  rector  of 
the  Established  Church  under  Charles  I.,  was  naturally  opposed  to  the  rule  of 
Cromwell  as  Protector,  which  is  confirmed  by  his  being  appointed  Surveyor 
General  by  Charles  II.  immediately  after  the  restoration  of  the  Stuarts  to 
the  throne;  and  it  is  also  confirmatory  of  the  fact  that  the  "Adopted"  or 


1 6  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

Accepted  Masons,  or  rather  Speculative  and  Philosophic  Masons,  then  con- 
nected with  the  Operative,  at  that  time  were  composed  of  gentlemen  who  were 
Protestants  and  especially  loyal  to  that  cause  which  had  elevated  William  the 
Prince  of  Orange  to  the  throne  and  had  forced  James  II.  to  flee  from  his 
kingdom.  And  that  until  that  period  when  peace  prevailed  throughout  the 
realm  and  no  hope  existed  for  the  restoration  of  the  Stuarts,  that  further 
cause  of  suspicion  as  to  Wren's  loyalty  to  the  reigning  family  had  ceased  to 
exist,  and  therefore  he  was  admitted  to  full  fellowship  with  others,  and  as 
both  Operative  and  Speculative  he  could  serve  as  Grand  Master  to  and  after 
the  completion  (of  the  Temple)  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral.  Certainly  his  visit 
to  Paris  and  elsewhere  on  the  Continent  in  the  service  of  Charles  II.  (who 
was  expected  to  restore  the  Roman  Catholic  religion  in  England)  gave  him 
facilities  of  admission  into  churches  and  other  buildings,  where  courtesies 
were  extended  to  him  with  the  expectation  that  in  his  rebuilding  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral  in  London  he  would  be  reproducing  a  second  St.  Peter's,  like  that 
at  Rome,  in  which  the  Romish  and  not  the  Anglican  service  would  be  held. 
At  any  rate,  it  is  certain  that  in  the  communion  of  priests  and  laity  even  then 
there  was  what  is  now  designated  as  "High  Church,"  with  a  very  thin  par- 
tition between  itself  and  Rome,  and  the  "Low  Church"  party,  which 
adhered  strictly  to  the  tenets  of  the  Protestant  faith.  But  Speculative  or 
Philosophic  Freemasonry  was  then  in  its  first  stage  of  organization,  preparing 
for  its  grand  work  before  it  in  the  opening  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
when  all  questions  of  philosophy  and  science  which  agitated  the  public  mind 
could  be  discussed  and  opinions  expressed  without  danger  of  kingly  or  eccle- 
siastical censure  or  punishment  within  the  kingdom.  Christopher  Wren  had 
now  become  too  old  to  perform  the  duties  of  Patron  or  Grand  Master,  and  as 
there  were  no  other  great  buildings  to  be  constructed  at  that  time  many  of  the 
Operative  Masons  dispersed,  and  Operative  as  well  as  Speculative  Masonry 
combined  began  to  temporarily  fall  into  decay,  and  in  1716  Christopher 
Wren's  life  ended,  and  his  tomb  in  the  crypt  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  was  ap- 
propriately inscribed  with  the  words,  "Si  monumentum  requiris,  circumspice." 
("If  you  desire  to  find  his  monument,  look  around"). 

But  Wren  had  done  more  than  merely  draw  designs  and  superintend  the 
construction  of  material  edifices.  The  moral  lessons  in  connection  with  the 
working  tools,  which  had  been  enlarged  under  his  direction  and  supervision, 
were  to  be  carried  by  the  craftsmen  into  every  part  of  the  world  where  they 
journeyed  and  found  employment.  Though  they  were  simple  and  crude,  yet 
interwoven  as  they  were  with  their  labors,  they  were  the  primer  series  of 
what  was  to  be  unfolded  and  developed  in  future  years  by  others. 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  17 


CI-I AFTER  II. 


THE    SO-CALLED    REVIVAL    OF    FREEMASONRY    IN      1717    AND 

ITS   DEVELOPMENT   WITH    CONCURRENT   HISTORY 

OF   THE   EIGHTEENTH    CENTURY. 

Upon  the  so-called  revival  of  Freemasonry  in  1717,  when  the  Lodges 
were  separate  and  independent  of  each  other,  and  there  never  having  been  a 
governing  Grand  Lodge  before,  a  French  Huguenot  Reformer,  John  Theoph- 
ilus  Desaguliers,  born  at  Rochelle,  France,  March  12th,  1683,  having  become 
a  curate  of  the  Church  of  England  and  initiated  in  the  "  Lodge  of  Antiquity" 
in  St.  Paul's  church -yard,  secured  the  assistance  ot  several  older  Masons  to  aid 
in  the  formation  of  the  first  Grand  Lodge  of  England.  He  succeeded  in 
obtaining  a  meeting  of  the  four  London  Lodges  on  St.  John  the  Baptist's 
Day,  June  24th,  1717,  when  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons  was  organized  at  the 
Apple  Tree  Tavern,  and  Antony  Saver,  the  son  of  a  French  Huguenot,  was 
elected  the  first  Grand  Master.  In  1718  he  was  succeeded  by  George  Payne, 
and  in  1719  Desaguliers  was  elected  Grand  Master,  followed  by  the  Duke  of 
\Vliarton.  the  Earl  of  Dalkeith,  Lord  Paisley  and  others. 

Desaguliers  was  the  son  of  a  French  Huguenot  clergyman,  who  fled  to 
England  in  1685  on  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Jsantes.  He  was  more  of 
a  scientist  than  a  preacher,  and  Priestly  styles  him  "an  indefatigable  experi- 
mental philosopher."  His  frequent  personal  intercourse  with  Sir  Christopher 
Wren,  with  whom  he  was  on  terms  of  the  most  intimate  friendship,  enabled 
him  to  greatly  profit  from  the  experience  and  information  given  by  so  dis- 
tinguished a  man. 

In  remodeling  the  work  of  Speculative  Freemasonry,  engrafted  upon  the 
Operative,  the  myth  or  legend  of  the  third  degree  was  now  added  by  Desagu- 
liers when  the  work  was  divided  into  three  degrees  for  the  Entered  Appren- 
tice, Fellows  and  Masters.  The  ancient  ceremonies  of  the  Egyptian  and 
Eleusinian  mysteries  were  made  use  of  by  him  to  make  the  myth  or  legend  of 
the  fate  of  the  master  builder  of  King  Solomon's  Temple  fabricated,  for  the 
purpose  of  concealing  by  symbolism  the  deatli  of  the  Grand  Master  of  the 
Templars  and  others  who  became  martyrs  for  conscience  sake,  who  were 
victims  of  that  terrible  power  which  for  so  many  centuries  has  been  the 
curse  of  mankind. 

-  our  lamented  brother,  Albert  G.  Mac  -key.  of  blessed  memory:  "To  few 
M  ui  the  present  day,  except  to  those  who  have  made  Freemasonry  a  sub- 


i8  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

ject  of  special  study,  is  the  name  of  Desaguliers  very  familiar.  But  it  is  well 
they  should  know  that  to  him,  perhaps  more  than  to  any  other  man,  are  we 
indebted  for  the  present  existence  of  Freemasonry  as  a  living  institution,  for 
when,  in  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century,  Masonry  had  fallen  into  a 
state  of  decadence  which  threatened  its  extinction,  it  was  Desaguliers  who, 
by  his  energy  and  enthusiasm,  infused  a  spirit  of  zeal  into  his  contemporaries 
which  culminated  in  the  revival  of  the  year  1717,  and  it  was  his  learning  and 
social  position  that  gave  a  standing  to  the  institution,  which  brought  to  its 
support  noblemen  and  men  of  influence  so  that  the  insignificant  assemblage 
of  the  four  London  Lodges  at  the  'Apple  Tree  Tavern'  has  expanded  into 
an  association  which  now  overshadows  the  entire  civilized  world.  And  the 
moving  spirit  of  all  this  was  JOHN  T^EOPHILUS  DESAGULIERS." 

Three  years  before  this  revival  took  place  Queen  Anne  (the  second  sur- 
viving child  of  James  JI.,  who  succeeded  William  III.  and  her  sister 
Mary  II.)  died  on  the  1st  Day  of  August,  1714,  the  last  reigning  sovereign  of 
the  House  of  the  Stuarts,  and  was  succeeded  on  the  20th  of  October  following 
by  George  I.,  a  Prince  of  the  House  of  Hanover.  This  foreign  German 
Prince,  who  had  been  born  and  reared  under  a  different  civil  state  of  affairs, 
upon  making  an  investigation  into  the  condition  of  his  new  realm,  was  totally 
unable  to  comprehend  the  institution  of  Freemasonry,  which  socially  ap- 
peared to  be  so  levelling  in  its  doctrines  and  principles,  and  could  not  under- 
stand how  a  society  formed  of  men  with  different  degrees  of  rank  could  meet 
on  the  same  level — scholars,  philosophers  and  scientists  and  men  from  the 
working  guilds  of  Operative  Freemasonry.  He  was  suspicious,  fearing  that 
their  assemblages  might  be  used  for  purposes  menacing  to  his  reign  and  in 
the  end  conspire  for  the  overthrow  of  his  government,  and  was  disposed  to 
attempt  the  exercise  of  his  arbitrary  and  despotic  will  by  closing  the  Lodges 
and  forbidding  their  assemblages.  However  upon  being  appealed  to  and 
informed  that  his  ideas  were  erroneous  and  the  cause  of  his  fears  groundless, 
he  reconsidered  his  intuitions  in  that  respect,  but  to  satisfy  his  royal  pleasure 
required  that  the  Masters  of  Lodges  and  their  successors  in  office  for  them- 
selves and  the  members  should  take  an  oath  of  allegiance  especially  to  him 
and  the  House  of  Hanover,  that  they  would  be  true  and  loyal  subjects  and 
not  engage  in  plots  and  conspiracies  against  him,  his  family  or  his  Parlia- 
ment, which  oath  they  were  required  to  take  and  administer  to  their  successors, 
which  was  accordingly  done;  but  it  was  the  first  time  in  its  history  that 
Freemasonry,  by  its  officers,  were  ever  sworn  to  support  and  tie  its  fortunes  to 
any  line  of  Kings  or  household,  or  to  maintain  any  particular  government, 
and  thus  commit  its  destiny  to  the  will  and  caprice  of  a  sovereign  who,  if  by 
revolution  should  be  driven  from  his  throne,  they  themselves,  as  his  sworn 
adherents,  would  be  forced  into  exile  or  suffer  imprisonment  or  such  other 
punishment  as  might  be  inflicted  by  the  successful  party.  The  Craft  was  no 
longer  free,  but  existed  under  royal  caprice  and  restraint.  This  custom,  in  a 
a  modified  form,  has  been  inherited  and  perpetuated  in  American  Lodges  in 
the  installation  ceremonies  of  installing  their  Masters. 

So  long  as  there  was  a  royal  bond  of  unity  existing  between  England  and 
Scotland  on  account  of  a  me  mber  of  the  House  of  Stuarts  being  of  the  royal 


A.   &  A.   S.   RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  19 

family  on  the  throne  of  England  in  the  persons  of  James  I.,  Charles  I., 
Charles  II.,  James  II.,  his  daughter  Mary  II.,  the  wife  of  William  III.,  and 
Anne,  his  second  daughter,  (Scotland  was  measuiably  quiet;  but  when  Crom- 
well's iron  hand  was  laid  on  the  throat  «f  Charles  I.  and  a  German  Prince 
and  foreigner  was  called  tothe  throne,  there  was  either  restive  impatience  or 
actual  rebellion  and  revolution  in  Scotland,  the  general  sympathy  of  that 
people  going  out  after  one  of  their  own  nation  who  had  any  sort  of  a  claim 
to  the  throne,  pretentious  or  not ;  and  being  naturally  a  warm-hearted  people 
and  hot-blooded,  their  generous  sympathy  would  be  manifested  for  the  weaker 
party  in  the  conflict  so  long  as  he  wore  the  plaid,  no  matter  whether  he  was 
in  the  right  or  not ;  and  especially  when  a  foreigner,  and  he  being  only  able 
to  speak  English  in  a  broken  manner  with*  a  German  accent,  hard  to  be  under" 
stood. 

Freemasonry  having  now  for  the  first  time  in  its  history  a  regular  repre- 
sentative organized  government  with  a  national  head,  its  Grand  Masters  and 
officers  being  elected  from  among  its  members,  it  became,  as  it  were,  a  republic 
for  ilself  within  a  kingdom)  but  sought  royal  patronage  and  favor  for  protec- 
tion or  for  policy's  sake  so  as  not  to  give  offense  to  the  reigning  monarch,  who 
might  attempt  to  close  the  Lodges  or  impose  restraint  upon  their  organization 
and  limit  its  operations,  which  in  a  manner  had  already  been  done.  Royalty 
looked  upon  Fremasonry  to  a  certain  degree  with  disfavor,  and  thinking  to 
prevent  its  increase  of  numbers  a  restriction  was  imposed  upon  the  Lodges 
and  their  members,  that  no  one  was  to  be  solicited  to  join  them — a  rule 
which  was  never  required  before,  but  which  has  been  continued  until  the 
present  time. 

King  Solomon  said  there  were  "  three  things  too  hard  for  him,  yea  eves 
a  fourth:  the  way  of  a  ship  in  the  sea,  of  an  eagle  in  the  air,  a  serpent  on  a 
rock,  and  the  way  of  a  man  with  a  maid."  So  it  would  have  been  equally  as 
hard  for  King  George  I.  to  have  ascertained  how  Freemasonry  swelled  its 
ranks  to  so  great  a  number  as  it  did  without  violating  the  rule  he  had, 
through  his  ministers,  imposed  upon  the  Craft.  As  has  been  well  said  by  our 
late  and  lamented  brother,  Albert  G.  Mackey :  "  The  design  of  Freemasonry 
is  neither  charity  nor  almsgiving,  nor  the  cultivation  of  the  social  sentiment 
for  both  are  merely  incidental  to  its  organization;  but  it  is  the  search  after 
truth,  and  that  truth  is  the  unity  of  God  and  the  immortality  of  the  soul. 
The  various  degrees  or  grades  of  initiation  represent  the  various  stages 
through  which  the  human  mind  passes  and  the  many  difficulties  which  men, 
individually  or  collectively,  must  encounter  in  their  progress  from  ignorance 
to  the  acquisition  of  this  truth." 

It  was  this  idea  which  generally  prevailed  in  the  seventeenth  century 
among  the  Operative  Freemasons,  who  were  called  upon  to  construct  religious 
and  other  edifices  for  the  various  sects  which  had  divided  the  Christian  Church, 
and  that  called  forth  a  more  general  spirit  of  inquiry  among  them  into 
religious  and  philosophical  truth  and  the  calling  to  their  aid  the  scientific, 
philosophic  and  learned  scholars  of  the  age,  who  were  welcomed  into  the 
Operative  Guild  as  auxiliaries  and  were  received  and  made  Adoptive  or 
Accepted  Freemasons,  as  had  been  their  custom  from  time  immemorial,  and 


20  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

among  those  admitted  was  the  learned  antiquarian,  Elias  Ashmole,  who  also 
has  left  the  impress  of  his  work  upon  the  drama  in  that  portion  of  the  ritual 
which  now  relates  to  the  Fellow  Craft  Degree  in  particular  and  before  Free- 
masonry was  divided  into  three  degrees.  He  was  made  a  Freemason  Octo- 
ber 16th,  1646.  Some  thirty-six  years  afterward,  on  March  10th,  1682,  he 
was  summoned  to  attend  a  Lodge  of  Masons  the  next  day  at  Masons'  Hall, 
London,  an  account  of  which  he  has  left  in  his  diary. 

Among  his  collection,  to  be  found  in  the  Ashmolean  Museum  at  Oxford, 
among  other  things  he  says :  "  There  is  no  doubt  to  be  made  that  the  skill  of 
Masons,  which  was  always  transcendent  even  in  the  most  barbarous  times — 
their  wonderful  kindness  and  attachment  to  each  other,  how  different  soever 
in  condition,  and  their  inviolable  fidelity  in  religiously  keeping  their  secret — 
must  expose  them  in  ignorant,  troublesome  and  suspicious  times  to  a  vast 
variety  of  adventures,  according  to  the  different  fate  of  parties  and  alter- 
ations in  government.  By  the  way,  I  shall  note  that  the  Masons  were 
always  loyal,  which  exposed  them  to  great  severities  when  power  wore  the 
trappings  of  justice,  and  those  who  committed  treason  punished  true  men 
as  traitors.  Thus  in  the  third  year  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.  (1432)  an  Act 
of  Parliament  was  passed  to  abolish  the  society  of  Masons  and  to  hinder, 
under  grievous  penalties,  the  holding  of  Chapters,  Lodges  or  other  regular 
assemblies.  Yet  this  act  was  afterward  repealed  and,  even  before  that,  King 
Henry  VI.  and  several  of  the  principal  Lords  of  his  court  became  Fellows 
of  the  Craft." 

In  connection  with  this  subject  we  again  revert  to  the  so-called  revival  of 
Freemasonry  in  1717  and  take  up  the  name  of  three  of  the  Grand  Masters 
of  England  who  followed  each  other  in  succession  immediately  after  Desagu- 
liers,  viz :  The  Duke  of  Wharton,  the  Earl  of  Dalkeith  and  Lord  Paisley. 
These  gentlemen,  and  eminent  Masons  and  Grand  Masters,  had  been  attainted 
and  forfeited  their  titles  in  the  British  or,  rather,  Scotch  peerages  for  their 
adherence  to  the  House  of  the  Stuarts,  as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to 
De  Brett's  "  Peerage  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland."  Wharton  forfeited  his 
title  in  1728.  Dalkeith  was  a  descendant  of  the  Duke  of  Monmoulh,  illegit- 
imate son  of  Charles  II.  Charles  Eadcliff^  who  had  married  Charlotte, 
Countess  of  Newburgh,  a  widow,  was  the  third  son  of  Edward  the  second,  Earl 
of  Derwentwater,  and  assumed  that  title  upon  the  death  of  his  nephew,  who 
was  executed  for  rebellion  against  George  II.  in  1716,  and  fleeing  to  France 
assisted  in  the  planting  of  Freemasonry  in  that  country  and  became  the  first 
Grand  Master  of  Masons  of  France  in  1725.  His  mother  was  Mary  Tudor, 
the  illegitimate  daughter  of  Charles  II.  He  had  also  been  attainted  and 
convicted  of  treason  before  his  flight.  He  left  France  in  1733  (five  years 
before  the  Grand  Lodge  of  England  was  organized)  and  made  several  visits  to 
England  in  unsuccessful  pursuit  of  pardon.  The  blood  of  the  Stuarts,  though 
illegitimate,  which  flowed  in  his  veins  operated  as  an  effective  barrier  to  his 
hopes  and  prospects.  Baffled  with  hopeless  disappointment,  he  at  last  a) lies 
his  fortunes  to  those  of  the  Young  Pretender  in  1745  and  sailed  from  Framw 
to  join  him,  but  the  vessel  in  which  he  had  embarked  was  captured  by  an 
English  man-of-war.  He  was  taken  prisoner  and  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill, 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  21 

London,  December  8th,  1746.  [The  Fourth  Grand  Master  of  California, 
Charles  Morton  Eadcliff,  born  at  Inverness,  Scotland,  February  5th,  1818,  was 
his  grand-nephew.] 

The  great  monument  in  London  was  designed  by  Sir  Christopher  Wren, 
on  which  he  intended  to  erect  the  statue  of  Charles  II,  instead  of  the  pot  of 
flames  as  we  now  see  it.  But  in  this  he  was  overruled  by  men  of  decency 
and  good  sense  who  did  not  want  to  see  their  country  disgraced  by  the  effigy 
of  the  most  lustful  monarch  that  ever  sat  on  the  throne  of  England,  who 
debauched  his  people  and  destroyed  virtue. 

Perhaps  no  greater  royal  libertine  ever  lived  than  theinfamous  Charles  II., 
and  incidentally  the  streams  of  pure  Freemasonry  were  destined  to  carry  along 
with  them  the  history  of  the  lives  of  men  who  were  either  legitimately  or 
illegitimately  descended  from  him,  or  who,  by  sympathy  with  the  cause  of 
his  line  of  the  House  of  the  Scotch  Stuarts  against  that  of  the  successful 
German  and  foreign  House  of  Hanover,  which  for  two  hundred  and  thirty 
years  has  held  the  throne  of  Great  Britain,  Ireland  and  its  colonial  depend- 
encies. 

The  Scottish  Element  at  the  time  of  the  so-called  revival  of  Freemasonry 
in  England  prevailed,  and  the  Masonic  world  is  greatly  indebted  to  a  man  born 
on  August  oth,  1684,  at  Edinburgh.  Scotland — a  Doctor  of  Divinity  of  the  Pres- 
byterian faith,  who  removed  to  London  and  became  the  pastor  of  the  Scotch 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Swallow  Street,  Picadilly — the  Rev.  James  Anderson, 
who  was  commissioned  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  England  on  the  29th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1721,  to  collect  and  compile  the  history  and  charges  of  the  Fraternity 
from  the  then  existing  constitutions  of  the  Lodges.  "Anderson's  Constitutions 
and  Old  Charges  and  Regulations,"  compiled  by  him,  have  been  the  general 
standing  regulations  of  the  Fraternity  for  nearly  a  century  and  three-quarters 
since  they  were  collated  ;  and  when  we  consider  the  troublous  times  in  which 
the  so-called  revival  of  Freemasonry  took  place  in  England,  the  characters  of 
the  persons  connected  with  it  and  the  predominance  of  Scottish  noblemen 
who  had  their  titles  forfeited,  and  Scottish  gentry  and  scholars  also  connected 
with  it,  we  naturally  and  logically  conclude  that  the  fountain-head  of  the 
Freemasonry  then  taught  and  practiced  must  be  looked  for  in  Scotland  itself, 
which  had  infused  its  spirit  and  teachings  into  the  Grand  Lodge  of  England, 
thus  created  and  governed  in  the  main  by  Scotchmen,  and  where  the  Scottish 
sentiments  and  ideas  prevailed  so  largely,  as  subsequent  events  proved  to  be 
the  case  as  time  and  circumstances  developed  them,  and  the  spirit  with  the 
ceremonies  of  the  Rosy  Cross  of  the  Scottish  Templars,  modified  and 
adapteu  to  the  Master's  Degree  in  Blue  Masonry  with  the  invention  of  the 
legend  of  the  fate  of  the  Master  Builder  of  Solomon's  Temple  as  a  symbol 
which  each  could  adapt  and  apply  for  himself. 

The  restoration  of  the  widow's  son  to  life  by  the  prophet  Elijah ;  that  of 
the  widow's  son  by  the  prophet  Elisha ;  that  of  the  widow's  son  of  Zain  by 
Jesus,  who  also  raised  Lazarus  (the  widow's  son)  from  the  grave  and  restored 
to  life,  typical  of  his  own  resurrection  after  his  crucifixion  and  death,  found 
delineation  and  representation  by  the  Scottish  Templars  in  their  Order  of  the 
Rosy  Cross  of  the  widow's  son  of  Mary;  to  al~<>  represent  the  betrayal  and 


22  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

death  of  De  Molay,  the  last  Grand  Master  of  the  Templars,  by  order  of  Pope 
Clement  V.  and  Philip  the  Fair,  were  to  be  applied  to  Hiram  Abif,  the  archi- 
tect of  King  Solomon's  Temple,  as  a  legend  of  pure  fiction,  invented  for  the 
purpose  of  concealing  a  hidden  truth.  For  there  is  no  history,  sacred  or  pro- 
fjuie,  which  gives  any  account  of  the  tragical  fate  of  Hiram  Abif,  either  before 
or  after  the  completion  of  the  Temple,  and  the  last  mention  that  is  made  of 
him  anywhere  in  history  is  in  the  Scriptural  account,  as  follows: 

"  So  Hiram  made  an  end  of  doing  all  the  work  that  he  had  made  King  Solomon 
for  the  House  of  the  Lord." — /.  Kings,  7:40. 

But  the  adherents  of  the  House  of  the  Stuarts  made  the  application  to 
Charles  I.,  and  while  they  carried  Freema  01117  to  the  Continent  of  Europe, 
and  especially  to  France,  hoping  to  use  it  successfully  in  the  cause  of  the  Pre- 
tender, in  the  application  of  its  legend  by  restoration  to  power  in  England, 
the  liberal  philosophers  and  scientists  of  the  Continent  who  became  united  to 
the  Fraternity  cf  Freemasonry  gave  it  a  broader  significance  and  intention  of 
purpose,  and  Europe  soon  was  fairly  ablaze  with  the  electric  lighte  of  intel- 
lectual and  spiritual  liberty,  ardently  striven  for  by  the  lovers  of  Free  Thought 
and  Free  Conscience  throughout  the  Continent ;  and  everywhere  the  investi- 
gation into  mental  and  religious  philosophy  and  the  sciences  was  pursued  with 
an  avidity  and  enthusiasm  almost  equal  to  that  which  had  animated  the 
Crusaders  to  rescue  the  sepulchre  of  Christ  from  the  hands  of  the  Saracens. 

The  histories,  myths  and  legends  of  all  the  ancient  nations  were  explored 
to  their  depths,  and  degrees  were  invented  by  legions,  and  rites  of  initiation 
were  organized  by  the  hundreds,  of  true  and  false  Freemasonry,  many  of 
hem  under  the  direction  of  the  Jesuits,  for  the  purpose  of  misleading  and 
producing  confusion  worse  than  that  which  caused  the  stampede  at  Hie  build- 
ing of  the  Tower  of  Babel.  If  they  could  not  prevent  the  true  Freemasonry 
from  progressing,  yet  they  by  subtilely  playing  upon  the  selfish  propensities  of 
ambitious  men  within  it,  could  cause  it  to  be  divided,  and  hoped  that  of  itself 
it  would  fall  into  ruins,  and  thus  eventually  be  destroyed. 

Towards  the  latter  part  of  the  Seventeenth  Century,  on  the  9th  of  June,  1668 
was  born  at  Ayr  in  Scotland,  Andrew  Michael  Ramsay,  the  son  of  a  baker  who 
was  well-to-do,  who  gave  his  son  a  liberal  education  in  his  own  town  and  a 
the  University  at  Edinburgh.  By  his  great  natural  ability,  diligence  and 
industrious  perseverance  he  rose  high  in  his  scholarship  to  the  position  of  a 
teacher.  He  was  a  Protestant  in  religion  and  sought  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession first  in  Holland,  and  was  subsequently  employed  in  Paris  by  James 
III,  the  Pretender,  as  the  tutor  of  his  children  after  he  had  embraced  the 
Roman  Catholic  faith.  But  having  while  in  Holland  imbibed  the  spiiit  of 
mysticism,  he  became  the  formulator  of  degrees  and  the  founder  of  a  Masonic 
rite  bearing  his  name,  from  which  several  of  the  degrees  were  taken  to  form 
other  rites  and  systems  of  Freemasonry  out  of  the  myths,  legends,  and  histories 
of  the  ancient  nations  with  that  of  the  Hebrew  and  Egyptian  especially  and 
the  Temple  of  Solomon  at  Jerusalem  as  the  central  idea  of  concentra- 
tion as  a  symbol.  In  1728  he  visited  England  with  the  object  of  having  his 
system  adopted  by  the  Masonic  Lodges  there,  but  did  not  meet  with  the  success 
he  hoped  for,  and  returned  to  France  where  he  died  May  6th  1743,  in  the 


A.  &  A.  S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  23 

seventy-fifth   year   of  his  age.     But    his  visit   to  England  was  not  entirely 
fruitless  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following. 

The  great  majority  of  the  Fraternity  in  England  at  that  time  were  come 
municants  of  the  Established  Church.  A  few  were  Independents  or  Congre- 
gationalists  and  Presbyterians,  but  the  greater  portion  of  the  minority  wer- 
liberals  in  their  religious  sentiments,  and  governed  by  a  spirit  of  toleration 
Cowards  all  the  various  sects.  While  Ramsay  could  not  succeed  in  having  the 
English  Lodges  adopt  his  system,  especially  the  degree  of  the  Eoyal  Arch  of 
Enoch  or  Solomon  which  was  ateo  known  as  the  "Grand  Scottish  Knight  of  the 
Sacred  Vault  of  Jaroes  VI,"  on  account  of  it  being  brought  from  France,  and 
of  the  national  prejudice  against  the  French  and  hostility  to  the  Stuart  Family 
whom  in  one  sense  he  represented,  yet  he  planted  the  seeds  of  ambition  and 
discord  which  were  to  bear  fruit  in  the  then  near  future,  which  was  to  rend 
the  Grand  Lodge  of  England  asunder,  and  cause  no  less  than  three  Grand 
Lodges  to  exist  at  one  and  the  same  time  and  at  war  with  each  other. 

Personal  ambition  for  office,  religious  and  political  as  well  as  personal 
differences,  were  the  real  causes  which  split  the  Grand  Lodge  of  England  in 
twain  in  1738  while  the  pretexts  for  the  cause  of  division  were  puerile,  frivol- 
ous and  childish.  The  seceders  under  Lawrence  Dermott  called  themselves 
the  "Ancient  York  Masons,"  without  the  authority  of  the  Grand  Lodge  at 
York,  and  styled  the  pegular  bodies  from  which  they  had  seceded  the  "Mod- 
erns," and  in  1739  set  up  a  new  Grand  Lodge,  dismembered  the  Third  or  Mas- 
ter's Degree,  leaving  that  in  partial  ruins,  and  carried  over  the  severed  portion 
and  deposited  it  in  the  ruins  of  King  Solomon's  Temple  where  it  was  to  be 
found  in  a  newly  manufactured  degree,  made  by  Dermott  called  the  "Royal 
Arch  of  Zerubbabel"  to  distinguish  it  from  the  original  Royal  Arch  of  Enoch 
or  Solomon;  using  the  Sacred  or  Secret  Vault  second-handed,  for  the  new 
myth  or  legend  invented  by  him  out  of  material  thus  borrowed,  to  arrange  his 
new  system,  containing  matter  and  ceremonies  of  which  the  remaining  mem- 
bers of  the  original  Grand  Lodge  knew  nothing  of,  nor  did  their  successors 
in  England,  until  seventy-five  years  after  when,  in  1813,  these  two  Grand 
Lodges  united  and  formed  the  present  Grand  Lodge  of  England  which  in  its 
declaration  of  Constitution  declared  that  "Ancient  Craft  Masonry  consisted  of 
the  Three  Degrees  of  Entered  Apprentice,  Fellow  Craft  and  Master  Mason  only 
including  the  Holy  Royal  Arch." 

These  two  Grand  Lodges  of  England  during  this  long  period  of  three 
quarters  of  a  century,  chartered  Lodges  throughout  the  English  dependencies 
and  with  the  Grand  Lodges  of  Scotland  and  Ireland  occupied  joint  possession 
of  the  American  Colonies  until  the  war  of  Independence  in  1776  which  severed 
also  all  Masonic  allegiance  to  the  Mother  country.  The  war  of  the  Revolu 
tion  in  America  which  was  successful  under  the  benign  influence  and  direction 
of  Washington,  healed  the  differences  between  the  "Ancients''  and  "Moderns" 
in  this  country,  who  were  still  more  strongly  united  together  by  the  additional 
ties  of  kindred  and  patriotism,  and  the  Military  Lodges  which  were  formed, 
added  strength  and  influence  to  the  cause  of  Freemasonry  and  to  the  lovers  Of 
liberty  from  Maine  to  Georgia.  The  first  of  the  Military  Ledges  being  "Amer- 
ican Union  No.  1,"  which  at  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  found  per- 


24  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

manent  lodgment  at  Marietta,  Ohio,  the  first  established  west  of  the  Alleghanies, 
where  it  still  flourishes. 

During  the  middle  portion  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  while  the 
Continental  wars  in  Europe  were  in  full  activity,  Freemasonry  continued  to 
thrive  in  spite  of  the  devastation  of  war  and  the  hostility  of  nations;  and  the 
thunders  of  the  Vatican  against  it,  in  the  fulmination  of  the  bulls  of  the  Pope, 
threatening  excommunication,  confiscation  of  property,  imprisonment  and  death 
to  all  who  belonged  to  the  hated  and  persecuted  Order,  failed  to  crush  the 
spirit  or  destroy  the  bonds  of  fraternity  which  bound  it  together.  During  this 
period  English  Freemasonry  remained  comparatively  inactive  or  was  engaged 
jn  dissensions  and  bitterness  of  strife;  its  power  for  good  rendered  inoperative, 
the  true  spirit  of  Freemasonry  emasculated,  and  the  two  Grand  Lodges  of 
England  were  like  tired  and  exhausted  eunuchs,  who  had  become  worn  out  in 
a  boxing  or  wrestling  match  in  the  arena  and  no  longer  capable  of  doing  each 
other  harm.  But  each  changed  its  lectures  and  formula  repeatedly,  and  Eng- 
lish Freemasonry  stood  still.  And  it  has  been  well  and  truly  stated  by  a  most 
distinguished  Masonic  writer,  that  at  this  time  "it  became  envious  and  suspicious 
of  the  higher  degrees.  It  refused  to  recognize  them  as  Masonic,  or  to  form 
any  connection  with  them,  or  with  the  Royal  Arch  of  Dermott,  framed  from 
the  Royal  Arch  of  Enoch  or  Solomon.  It  ne«*er  had  any  object  after  the 
struggle  of  the  Stuarts  had  ended.  But  Scottish  Freemasonry,  on  the  contrary, 
engaged  in  its  long  controversy  with  Royal  and  Pontifical  Despotism,  and 
became  the  apostle  of  Free  Thought,  Free  Speecli  and  Free  Conscience." 

The  Rite  of  Perfection  consisting  of  twenty-five  degrees,  was  being  rapidly 
extended  and  propagated  throughout  France,  Italy,  Germany  aud  other  Euro- 
pean States.  Frederick  the  Great  of  Prussia,  though  thoroughly  a  German 
and  devoted  to  the  Fatherland  and  to  the  Protestant  religion,  found  himself 
and  his  kingdom  to  be  the  intended  victim  and  prey  of  the  Pontificate  which 
was  intriguing  with  and  stirring  up  the  Roman  Catholic  nations  around  him 
to  acts  of  unfriendliness  and  hostilities  against  him  and  his  kingdom.  Being 
an  accomplished  French  scholar,  a  lover  of  literature  and  philosophy  and  an  ard- 
ent Freemason,  even  in  the  midst  of  active  warfare,  he  found  time  to  patronize 
the  artsand  sciences,  to  study  the  occult  mysteries  of  Freemasonry  and  enjoy  the 
society  of  the  most  distinguished  philosophers,  authors  and  poets  of  that  age. 
With  the  assistance  of  his  Scottish  and  French  brethren  and  others,  for  the 
better  protection  of  Freemasons  and  the  Order  in  general,  he  remodeled  with 
with  their  assistance  the  Rite  of  Perfection  in  its  government,  and  interlacing 
eight  other  degrees  which  were  added  to  it,  formulated  the  Ancient  and  Ac- 
cepted Scottish  Rite  of  Freemasonry  with  himself  as  its  Chief,  and  estab- 
lished its  Constitutions  in  1762,  which  were  revised  in  1786,  and  which  have 
been  the  fundamental  law  of  that  Rite  to  the  present  date,  which  is  destined  to 
become  the  most  popular,  as  it  is  the  most  universal  rite  around  the  globe.  It 
has  been  plundered  and  robbed  extensively  of  its  degrees,  to  patch  up  other 
rites  and  systems  under  other  names,  and  emasculated  of  their  original  spirit 
and  objects,  and  only  rendered  mechanically  dramatic,  without  the  true  morals 
and  lessons  they  were  originally  intended  to  teach.  "De  mortnis  nil  nisi 
bonuni"  is  a  maxim  generally  adopted  to  express  Masonic  Charity  for  the 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  25 

faults  of  the  dead;  but  for  the  survivors  Masonic  Justice  also  declares  "De 
mortuis  nil  nisi  rerum."  Let  nothing  be  said  of  the  dead  but  what  is  true. 

And  before  entering  the  next  chapter,  it  will  be  but  right  and  proper  to 
state  that  Jeremy  L.  Cross,  in  this  country,  interpolated  into  the  Master's  Degree 
his  fiction  of  the  Broken  Column  and  the  Weeping  Virgin,  with  old  Father 
Time  with  his  hour  glass  and  scythe,  employed  in  unwinding  the  ringlets  of 
her  hair,  from  observing  that  figure  in  statuary  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard  in 
New  York  city. 

In  the  same  manner  he  laid  hold  of  the  side  degrees  of  Royal  and  Select 
Masters  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  of  Freemasonry  in  the  jur- 
isdiction of  the  Southern  Supreme  Council  and  propagated  them  in  the  terri- 
tory of  the  Northern  Supreme  Council,  and  established  bodies  which  in  time 
have  become  representative  and  legislative,  and  partially  attached  to  the  Webb 
Chapter  and  Commandery  system. 

"The  evil  that  men  do  lives  after  them  and  the  good  is  often  interred  with 
their  bones." 

Thomas.  Smith  Webb,  out  of  the  Master  Mark  Mason's  Degree,  in  part, 
manufactured  the  American  Mark  Master's  Degree,  invented  that  of  Past 
Master  and  Most  Excellent  Master  at  Albany,  New  York,  at  the  same  time 
he  revamped  Dermott's  Royal  Arch  Degree. 

"Most  Excellent  Master."  This  degree  is  peculiarly  American,  it  being 
practiced  in  no  other  country.  //  was  the  invention  of  Webb,  who  organ- 
ized the  capitular  system  of  Masonry  as  it  is  taught  in  this  country  and  estab- 
lished the  system  of  lectures  which  is  the  foundation  of  all  subsequent  systems 
taught  in  America.  [Page  oil  Mackey's  Enc.] 

The  others  he  may  have  had  a  perfect  right  to  do,  but  he  wronged  his 
English  Royal  Arch  Brethren  who  did  not  possess  them,  requiring  them  to 
be  "healed.'  that  is,  to  receive  his  degrees  before  they  were  allowed  to  visit  the 
American  Royal  Arch  Chapters.  This  was  throwing  doubt  over  the  purity  of 
the  character  of  the  Mother  by  the  Daughter,  who  had  brought  in  strange 
children  into  the  family  household  only  one  of  which  has  any  claim  to  beauty 
or  historic  accuracy.  To  meddle  with  their  Royal  Arch  is  questionable.  But 
when  he  laid  hands  on  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  and  took  the 
Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Degrees  or  Knight  of  the  East  and  Prince  of  Jerusalem 
away  bodily,  degrees  that  are  entirely  Hebrew  and  Persian  in  their  history  and 
drama  and  653  years  before  the  crucifixion  of  Christ,  and  called  the  telescoped  but 
purloined  degrees  the  "Red  Cross  Degree,"  and  took  portions  of  the  eighteenth 
degree,  or  Rose  Croix,  and  something  of  the  twenty-ninth  or  Grand  Scottish 
Knight  of  St.  Andrew,  and  thirtieth  or  Knight  Kadosh,  to  make  his  American 
Knight  Templar  Degree,  he  took  that  which  he  hadno  legal  right  towhatever, 
and  made  his  confreres  and  successors  the  innocent  receivers  and  keepers  of  stolen 
property,  and  wrongfully  and  with  equal  impropriety  called  his  Chapter  and 
Commandery  system  the  "York  Rite"  and  made  a  repetition  of  a  worse  char- 
acter than  did  Lawrence  DermoU  when  he  set  np  his  Grand  Lodge  of  Sectders 
from  the  Grand  Lodge  of  England  in  London  and  called  it  the  "Grand  Lodge 
of  Ancient  York  Ma~mi>"  without  the  least  shadow  of  a  claim  to  the  title,  for 
the  Grand  Lodge  of  York  Mason*  then  still  existed  at  the  ancient  city  of 


26  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

York.  It  is  evident  that  he  had  unlawful  access  to  the  rituals  of  the  A.  and 
A.  S.  Rite  deposited  in  the  Archives  of  the  Lodge  of  Perfection  at  Albany 
New  York,  then  dormant,  while  he  resided  in  that  city  where  he  invented 
his  degrees. 

But  to  return  to  the  main  subject.  Scottish  Freemasom-y  from  its  foundation 
to  the  top  of  its  loftiest  spire,  is  the  Temple  of  Civil  and  Religious  Liberty,  teach- 
ing and  practicing  the  true  principles  of  Liberty,  Equality  and  Fraternity.  "It 
has  the  old  Knight's  Templars  for  its  models,  the  RoseCroix  for  its  fathers  and 
the  Johannites  for  ancestors."  It  is  the  continuer  of  the  school  of  Alexandria, 
heir  of  all  the  ancient  initiations;  depository  of  the  secrets  of  the  Apocalypse 
and  the  Sohar;  the  object  of  its  worship  is  Truth  represented  by  the  Light;  it 
tolerates  all  creeds  and  professes  but  one  and  the  same  philosophy.  The  alle- 
gorical object  of  Freemasonry  is  the  rebuilding  of  the  Temple  of  Solomon;  its 
real  object  is  the  reconstruction  of  social  unity,  by  the  alliance  of  Reason  and 
Faith  in  accordance  with  knowledge  and  virtue,  with  initiation  and  tests  by 
means  of  degrees,  and  we  may  add  to  preserve  the  natural  liberties  and  rights 
of  Man,  corporeal,  intellectual  and  spiritual  against  all  usurpations  of  royalty 
and  Sacerdotal  power. 

Said  that  implacable  enemy  of  Freemasonry  and  the  mouthpiece  of  Pope 
Pius  VI,  the  Abbe  Barruel,  in  1797.  Charging  the  Freemasons  with  revolu- 
tionary principles  in  politics  and  with  infidelity  to  the  Roman  Catholic  religion 
seeking  to  trace  the  origin  of  the  Institution  to  those  ancient  heretics  the 
Manicheans  and  through  them  to  the  old  Knights  Templars,  against  whom  he 
revives  the  old  accusations  of  Philip  the  Fair  and  Pope  Clement  the  Fifth,  he 
said:  "Your  whole  school  and  all  of  your  Lodges  are  derived  from  the  Temp- 
lars. After  the  extinction  of  their  Order,  a  certain  number  of  guilty  knights 
having  escaped  proscription,  united  for  the  preservation  of  their  horrid  mys- 
teries. To  their  impious  code  they  added  the  vow  of  vengeance  against  the 
kings  and  priests  who  destroyed  their  Order  and  against  all  religion  (papal) 
•which  anathematized  their  dogmas.  They  made  adepts,  who  should  transmit 
from  generation  to  generation,  the  same  mysteries  of  iniquity,  the  same  oaths 
and  the  same  hatred  of  the  God  of  the  Christians  (the  Pope]  and  of  kings  and 
otpriests  (papists).  These  mysteries  have  descended  to  you,  and  you  continue 
to  perpetuate  their  impiety,  their  vows  and  their  oaths.  Such  is  your  origin. 
The  lapse  of  time  and  the  change  of  manners,  have  varied  a  part  of  your  sym- 
bols and  your  frightful  systems;  but  the  essence  of  them  remains;  the  vows,  the 
oaths,  the  hatred,  and  the  conspiracies  are  the  same." 

So  far  as  the  origin  of  our  Freemasonry  and  Lodges  are  concerned  in  being 
derived  from  the  Ancient  Templars,  and  hatred  of  temporal  and  spiritual 
tyranny  being  taught  as  toward  such  monsters  as  Philip  the  Fair  and  Pope 
Clement  the  Fifth  with  the  tortures  of  the  Inquisition,  the  fanatical  and  bigoted 
Abbe  Barruel  was  correct;  but  as  to  the  falsehood  and  slanders  against  the  Fra- 
ternitv,  we  do  not  know  of  a  more  fittinc;  reply  than  that  made  by  the  author 
of  the  Grand  Constitutions  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  of  Free- 
masonry, Frederick  the  Great,  to  be  found  in  the  following  account  which 
•will  close  this  Chapter. 

In  the  year  1778,  during  our  American  Revolution  for  Independence, 


A.  &  A.  S.   RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  27 

Frederick  the  Great  of  Prussia,  and  the  friend  of  Washington,  whom  he  ad- 
mired as  a  patriot  and  Freemason,  and  to  whom  he  sent  the  present  of  a  sword 
and  for  whom  Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  was  named,  found  trouble  in  his  own 
dominions  which  he  promptly  suppressed. 

The  Superior  of  a  Dominican  Convent  at  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Father  Grein- 
eman  and  a  Capuchin  Monk,  Father  Schiff,  were  trying  to  excite  the  lower 
classes  against  the  Lodge  of  Masons  at  that  place,  which  had  been  reconstituted 
by  the  Mother  Lodge  at  Wetzlar.  When  Frederick  heard  of  this,  he  wrote 
the  following  letter,  dated  February  7th,  1778,  to  the  instigators. 

"Most  Reverend  Fathers:  Various  reports  confirmed  through  the  papers, 
have  brought  to  my  knowledge  with  how  much  zeal  you  are  endeavoring  to 
sharpen  the  sword  of  fanaticism  against  quiet,  virtuous  people  called  Free- 
masons. As  a  former  dignitary  in  this  honorable  body,  I  am  compelled  as 
much  as  it  is  in  my  power,  to  repel  this  dishonoring  slander,  and  remove  the 
dark  veil  that  causes  the  temple  we  have  erected  to  all  virtues,  to  appear  to 
your  vision  as  a  gathering  point  for  all  vices.  Why,  my  most  reverend 
Fathers,  will  you  bring  back  upon  us  those  centuries  of  ignorance  and  barbar- 
ism, that  have  so  long  been  the  degradation  of  human  re:ison?  Those  times  of 
fanaticism,  upon  which  the  eye  of  understanding  cannot  look  back  buj  with  a 
shudder?  Those  times  in  which  hypocrisy,  seated  on  the  throne  of  despotism 
with  superstition  on  one  side  and  humility  on  the  other,  tried  to  put  the  world 
in  chains  and  commanded  a  regardless  burning  of  all  those  who  were  able  to 
read. 

"You  are  not  only  applying  the  nickname  of  Masters  of  Witchcraft  to 
the  Freemasons,  but  you  accuse  them  to  be  thieves,  profligates,  forerunners 
of  Anti-Christ,  and  admonish  a  whole  nation  to  annihilate  such  a  cursed  gen- 
eration." 

"Thieves,  my  most  reverend  Fathers,  do  not  act  as  we  do,  and  make  it 
their  duty  to  assist  the  poor  and  the  orphans.  On  the  contrary,  thieves  are 
those  who  rob  them  sometimes  of  their  inheritance,  and  fatten  orj  their  prey, 
in  the  lap  of  idleness  and  hypocrisy.  Thieves  cheat,  Freemasons  enlighten 
Humanity.''' 

"A  Freemason  returning  from  his  Lodge,  where  he  has  only  listened  to 
instructions  benfitted  to  his  fellow  beings,  will  be  a  better  husband  in  his  home- 
Forerunners  of  Anti-Christ  would  in  all  probability,  direct  their  efforts  toward 
an  extinction  of  Divine  Law.  But  it  is  impossible  for  Freemasons  to  sin 
against  it,  without  demolishing  their  own  structure.  And  can  those  be  a  cursed 
generation,  who  try  to  find  their  glory,  yi  the  indefatigable  efforts  to  spread 
those  virtues,  which  constitute  them  honest  men? 

FREDERIC." 


28  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 


John  L.  Pavkovich, 


CHAPTER  III. 


BRIEF    HISTORY   OF    THE    RITE    OF    PERFECTION   AND    OF   THE 
ANCIENT    AND   ACCEPTED    SCOTTISH 

RITE   OF    FREEMASONRY.  , 

Before  entering  direct  upon  the  History  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted 
Scottish  Rite  in  particular,  it  is  well  perhaps  to  give  a  brief  sketch  of  the  Rite 
of  Perfection  from  which  it  is  mainly  derived . 

By  whom  or  when  all  the  degrees  of  the  Rite  of  Perfection  were  brought 
into  existence,  historv  is  totally  silent  upon.  They  seem  however  to  have  been 
the  best  of  all  the  degrees  of  Freemasonry  that  survived  the  great  mortality  of 
"La  Grippe"  which  befell  the  legions  which  came  into  existence  during  the 
first  half  of  the  last  century;  adopting  the  language  of  St.  John,  the  Apostle,  in 
speaking  of  the  Acts  of  Christ  "which  if  they  shall  be  written  every  one,  I 
suppose  that  even  the  world  itself  could  not  contain  the  books  that  should  be 
written,"  while  King  Solomon,  though  dead  for  nearly  3000  years,  has  been 
worked  corporeally  and  made  a  phonograph  of  since  his  decease  to  talk  myriads 
of  times  more  than  he  did  when  he  was  alive,  and  tradition  in  his  case  has 
been  made  perennial  and  exhaustless,  a  thousand  fold  greater  than  the  stories 
and  jokes  accredited  to  the  lamented  Abraham  Lincoln. 

Some  of  the  degrees  of  the  Rite  of  Perfection  were  brought  out  by  Ram- 
say, and  others  by  Benedictine  Monks  who  became  disgusted  with  their  Order 
and  abandoned  it;  one  of  whom,  Antoine  Joseph  Pernetty,  a  native  of  France, 
who  like  thousands  of  others  was  warmly  received  by  Frederick  the  Great, 
who  made  him  his  librarian. 

It  may  be  well  said,  that  the  Monk  of  Eisleben  of  Germany  was  the 
"Great  Pioneer  and  Torch  Bearer  of  the  Reformation  to  bring  out  the  Great 
Light  which  had  been  hidden  and  concealed  in  the  monasteries  of  Europe  for 
Centuries.  When  Martin  Luther  released  the  Bible  from  its  chains  in  his 
monastery  and  from  the  fetters  of  a  dfead  language  not  understood  by  the  com- 
mon people,  and  it  was  given  to  the  world  literally  on  the  wings  of  the  prin- 
ter's press,  he  prepared  the  way  to  unlock  the  treasuries  where  the  wisdom  and 
knowledge  of  the  centuries  had  been  imprisoned  for  ages,  which  came  forth 
liberated  and  disenthralled.  The  myths  and  legends  of  history  and  tradition, 
with  the  arts  and  sciences  and  philosophy,  that  burst  forth  from  their  prison 
cells,  and,  like  birds  just  out  from  their  cages,  by  natural  instinct  had  to  look 
around  for  a  place  to  perch  and  for  safety;  and  it  was  found  under  the  protect- 
ing wings  of  the  Black  Eagle  of  Germany  and  in  the  person  of  Frederick  the 
Great. 


A.   &  A.  S.    RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY. 


29 


But  to  defeat  the  purposes  of  Freemasonry,  the  Jesuits  had  managed  to 
inveigle  themselves  into  it,  that  they  might  eventually  obtain  the  control,  di- 
vert it  from  its  objects  and  in  the  end  destroy  it. 

In  1754,  the  Chevalier  de  Bonneville  (not  Nicholas)  established  a  Chapter 
of  the  High  Degrees  at  Paris  in  the  College  of  Jesuits  of  Clermont.  He  was 
not  the  founder  but  the  propagator  of  them.  The  College  of  Clermont  was 
the  asylum  of  the  adherents  of  the  House  of  the  Stuarts;  and  hence  the  Rite  of 
Perfection  from  that  source  became  to  some  extent,  tinctured  with  Stuart 
Masonry.  It  consisted  of  twenty-five  degrees.  In  1758,  the  degrees  of  the 
"Rite  of  Perfection"  were  carried  by  the  Marquis  de  Bernez  to  Berlin  and  thev 
were  adopted  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  Three  Globes;  and  the  same  year 
when  the  Jesuits  who  thought  they  had  suppressed  it,  the  Rite  again  made  its 
appearance  in  Paris  under  the  authority  of  the  "Council  of  Emperors  of  the 
East  and  West."  Between  the  years  1760  and  1765,  the  Jesuits,  finding  thev 
had  not  destroyed  it  as  they  expected  to,  again  Insinuated  themselves  as  they 
always  had  done  and  will  ever  continue  to  do,  where  it  is  possible,  and  sowed 
the  seeds  of  dissension  and  a  new  organization  called  the  "Council  of  the 
Knights  of  the  East,"  was  formed;  and  a  rivalry  and  contention  existed  between 
these  two  bodies  and  the  Grand  Orient  of  France,  until  finally  in  1781  both 
were  absorbed  in  that  Grand  Body  which  held  in  France  the  Rite  of  Perfection 
within  its  bosom. 

It  however  continued  to  flourish  in  Germany  under  Frederick  the 
Great,  who  gave  it  its  Grand  Constitutions  in  1762.  After  a  trial  of  twenty- 
four  years,  finding  that  it  was  necessary  to  re-organize  or  reconstruct  the  Rite 
and  to  lift  it  up  still  higher  in  the  scale  of  philosophy  and  its  teachings,  and 
to  prevent  its  control  from  again  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  Jesuits,  he  inter- 
laced and  added  eight  other  degrees  to  it,  and  named  the  new  and  reformed 
system  "THE  ANCIENT  AND  ACCEPTED  SCOTTISH  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY  " 
and  established  the  Grand  Constitutions  which  were  ratified  and  signed  at 
Berlin  on  the  first  of  May  1786. 

Up  to  that  time  from  1762  under  the  former  Constitutions,  he  was  Grand 
Commander  of  the  Order  of  Princes  of  the  Royal  Secret  and  the  Supreme 
Chief  of  the  Scottish  Rite  or  of  Perfection. 

By  these  Constitutions  of  1786  he  resigned  his  authority  and  his  Masonic 
prerogatives  were  deposited  with  a  Council  in  and  for  each  nation,  to  be  com- 
posed of  Sovereign  Grand  Inspectors  Generals  of  the  Thirty-third  and  last 
Degree  of  legitimate  Freemasonry  limited  in  number  to  that  of  the  years  ol 
Christ  on  the  earth. 

On  the  25th  of  October,  1762.  the  first  Grand  Constitutions  (framed  in 
that  year)  were  finally  ratified  at  Bordeaux,  and  proclaimed  for  the  government 
of  all  the  Lodges  of  Sublime  and  Perfect  Masons,  Councils,  Colleges  and  Con- 
sistories, of  Sublime  Princes  of  the  Royal  Secret  over  the  two  Hemispheres. 
Tliis  was  done  with  the  consent  and  approval  of  the  Grand  Consistory  at  Ber- 
lin. In  17(51  the  Scotch  Rite  or  of  Perfection,  (afterwards  known  as  the 
Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite)  was  brought  to  America  by  a  Frenchman, 
Brother  Stephen  Morin,  in  accordance  with  the  powers*  with  which  he  had 
been  invested  by  the  Grand  Consistory  of  Sublime  Princes  of  the  Royal  Secret, 


3o  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

convened  at  Paris  on  the  27th  of  August,  1761,  under  the  Presidency  of  Chail- 
lon  de  Joinville,  Substitute  General  of  the  Order. 

When  Morin  arrived  at  San  Domingo,  agreeable  to  his  patent  and  accord- 
ing to  his  instructions,  he  appointed  Brother  Moses  M.  Hayes  as  a  Deputy 
Inspector  General  for  North  America,  with  the  power  of  appointing  others 
wh.rever  necessary.  Brother  Morin  also  appointed  Brother  Franckin  as  a 
Deputy  Inspector  General  for  Jamaica  and  the  British  Islands  and  Brother 
Colonel  Provost  for  the  Windward  Islands  and  the  British  Army.  The  Con- 
stitutions of  1762  being  transmitted  to  Brother  Morin  soon  after  their  adoption 
and  ratification  by  the  Grand  Consistory  of  France,  who  furnished  duly  authen- 
ticated copies  of  the -same  to  all  the  deputy  Inspectors  Generals  appointed  bv 
him  and  his  Deputies,  and  are  still  in  force,  as  far  as  they  are  not  modified  and 
repealed  by  those  of  1786. 

Brother  Franckin  instituted  a  Lodge  of  Perfection  of  the  Fourteenth 
Degree  at  Albany,  New  York,  on  December  20th,  1767  (nine  years  before  the 
Declaration  of  Independence)  and  conferred  the  Degree  of  Sublime  Prince  of 
the  Eoyal  Secret  (then  the  25th  Degree  but  now  the  32nd),  upon  a  number  of 
Brethren,  but  this  body  after  its  creation  remained  comparatively  dormant  for 
many  years,  and  its  original  warrant  and  books  of  record  and  patents  of  Breth- 
ren, were  fifty-five  years  after  its  establishment  discovered  and  brought  to  light 
jn  1822  by  our  late  Brother  Giles  Fonda  Yates.  This  was  the  first  body  of 
the  Rite  of  Perfection  planted  on  the  Continent  of  North  America.  From 
its  rituals  and  material  it  no  doubt  aided  Thomas  Smith  Webb  to  formulate  his 
system  of  degrees  in  the  Royal  Arch  Chapter,  to  appropriate  the  15th  and  16th 
degrees  entire,  to  make  his  Ked  Cross  Degree  as  he  did,  and,  from  the  Rose  Croix 
and  other  material  with  his  own  invention  to  make  the  American  Knight  Tem- 
plar Degree,  for  he  resided  at  Albany  in  the  years  of  the  interim  and  prepared 
his  system  there. 

Other  material  from  the  Rite  was  also  appropriated  by  Jeremy  L.  Cross 
and  then  the  property  was  left  concealed  where  Brother  Yates  found  it.  Brother 
Yates  hy  due  authority  revived  it,  and  placed  it  under  the  superintendency  of 
a  Grand  Council  of  Princes  of  Jerusalem  as  required  by  the  Old  Constitution  of 
1762  and  such  Grand  Council  was  subsequently  opened  in  due  form  in  that  city. 
Brother  Hayes  in  1781,  appointed  Brother  Da  Costa  Deputy  Inspector  Gen- 
eral for  South  Carolina,  Solomon  Bush  for  Pennsylvania,  and  Brother  Behrend 
M.  Spitzer  for  Georgia,  which  appoitments  were  confirmed  by  a  Council  of 
Inspector  General  on  the  15th  of  June,  1781,  two  years  before  the  close  of  the 
Revolutionary  War.  After  the  death  of  Brother  Da  Costa,  Brother  Joseph 
Myers  was  appointed  by  Brother  Hayes  ta  succeed  him. 

Before  Da  Costa  died,  he  in  accordance  with  the  Constitutions  of  1762 
established  a  Sublime  Grand  Lodge  of  Perfection  in  Charleston,  in  the  year 
1783,  where  for  the  first  time  in  the  United  States  of  America,  were  the  Degrees 
actually  worked  from  the  4th  to  the  14th  inclusive;  for  in  this  Country  the 
three  symbolic  degrees  of  the  Blue  Lodge  being  under  the  control  and  gov- 
ernment of  the  Grand  Lodges  by  which  they  were  established,  their  authority 
duly  recognized  by  all  legitimate  Scottish  Rite  Brethren  in  this  Country  who 
have  remained  true  and  loyal  in  their  allegiance  to  the  sovereign  powers  of 


A.   &    A.   S.    RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  31 

Ancient  Craft  Masonry,  which  in  turn  appoints  representatives  to  and  receives 
from  the  regular  legitimate  Councils  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish 
Rite  of  Freemasonry  in  various  countries  of  the  world,  and  are  in  amity  with 
them. 

On  the  20th  of  February,  1788,  a  Council  of  Princes  of  Jerusalem  wasduly 
constituted  at  Charleston  and  the  officers  installed  by  Brother  Joseph  Meyers, 
Behrend  M.  Spitzer  and  A.  Frost. 

The  researches  into  the  early  history  of  the  planting  of  the  Scottish  Rite 
or  that  of  Perfection  in  this  country,  prove  that  notwithstanding  the  appoint- 
ment of  Inspectors  Generals  in  the  se/eral  States  the  Rite  was  worked  in 
Charleston  only,  and  to  the  zeal  of  our  Charleston  Brethren  (the  most  of  whom 
were  of  Huguenot  descent)  to  their  constant  application  to  the  Scottish  Rite, 
are  we  indebted  for  the  foundation  of  the  first  Bodies  of  the  Rite  in  America 
and  the  parent  of  all  legitimate  Bodies  of  the  Scottish  Rite  now  in  existence. 

In  1796,  a  Council  of  Knights  Kadosh,  (of  the  30th  degree)  was  organ- 
ized in  Philadelphia  by  Brethren  who  had  fled  thither  from  the  West  Indies. 
This  Council  soon  after  became  extinct  through  the  return  of  its  founders;  and 
in  1797,  a  Chapter  of  Rose  Croix  (of  the  18th  degree)  was  founded  in  New 
York  City. 

On  the  17th  of  August,  1786,  Frederick  the  Great  died  and  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  sou  Frederick  William  III,  who  was  not  a  Mason.  In  France 
the  Rite  of  Perfection  was  condensed  into  seven  degrees  called  the  "Rit  Mod- 
erne"  or  the  "Modern  French  Rite  with  the  seventh  or  highest  degree,  the 
Rose  Croix."  The  condition  of  France  and  of  French  Freemasonry  wa*  in 
constant  ebulitioh  and  trouble;  and  in  the  terrible  upheaval  and  Revolution 
in  1798  of  that  people,  everything  civil,  judicial,  political  and  Masonic  were 
in  a  state  of  unutterable  confusion,  conflict  and  chaos. 

The  Constitutions  of  1786  however,  had  been  received  by  the  Brethren  a£ 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  as  well  as  the  rituals  of  the  eight  degrees  which 
had  been  added  by  the  authority  of  Frederick  the  Great  to  the  Rite  of  Per- 
fection, now  constituted  into  the  "Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  of 
Freemasonry."  But  the  Rite  of  Perfection  in  a  mutilated  and  sickly  condi- 
tion continued  to  exist  in  the  West  Indies  where  remnants  of  the  Bodies  were 
scattered. 

Although  the  Revolutionary  War  in  America  had  been  successful  and 
the  United  States  had  been  established  on  a  sure  foundation  with  a  Constitu- 
tional Government,  yet  it  was  comparatively  in  its  infancy.  In  some  portions, 
Freemasonry  under  different  and  civil  Grand  Lodges,  the  inheritors  of  their 
English  Grand  Lodge  progenitors  was  still  unsettled  and  a  hostile  feeling 
manifested  for  many  years.  There  were  two  opposing  Grand  Lodges  in  South 
Carolina,  one  the  "Ancients"  and  the  others  the  "Moderns."  In  this  state  of 
affairs  the  Brethren  of  the  Rite  of  Perfection  in  Charleston  in  that  State, 
found  themselves  between  two  fires,  and  without  a  Supreme  head  to  their  own 
Rite  existing  anywhere;  and  as  related  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  Quentin  Dur- 
ward,  one  of  the  Waverly  novels,  in  the  reply  made  by  Quentin  Durward  to 
Charles,  Duke  of  Burgundy  when  he  said,  "And  that,  finally,  when  I  did  avail 
myself  of  that  imputed  character,  it  was  as  if  I  had  snatched  up  a  shield  to  pro- 


32  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

tect  myself  in  a  moment  of  emergency  and  used  it,  as  I  surely  should  have  done 
for  the  defense  of  myself  and  others,  without  enquiring  whether  I  had  a  right 
to  the  heraldic  emblazonments  which  it  displayed." 

So  it  was  with  the  Brethren  at  Charleston,  they  were  in  possession  of  the 
Grand  Constitutions  of  1786  as  well  as  those  of  1762,  together  with  the  rituals 
of  the  new  Rite,  formed  as  the  "Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Kite,"  and  the 
new  Kite  and  Grand  Constitutions  of  1786,  became  their  shield  of  protection 
and  defense,  by  their  appropriation  and  adoption,  which  action  no  power  on 
«arth  then  existed  to  dispute  their  right  to  them;  and  the  first  Parent  Supreme 
Council  now  existing,  which  was  formed  agreeably  to  the  Constitutions  of 
1786  was  that  founded  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  on  the  31st  of  May,  1801, 
by  Brothers  John  Mitchell  and  Frederick  Dalcho,  the  former  a  Colonel  in 
the  American  Army  and  the  latter  a  Protestant  Clergyman  and  a  most  dis- 
tinguished writer. 

[It  is  well  to  note  at  this  point  that  up  to  this  time,  the  Dermott  Koyal 
Arch  Degree  had  not  been  severed  from  the  Blue  Lodges  of  the  "Ancients" 
which  alone  worked  it  and  none  of  Webb's  degrees  had  then  been  made  by 
him  at  Albany,  New  York,  namely  the  Mark  Master,  Past  Master  and  the 
Most  Excellent  Master,  Red  Cross,  Knights  Templar  and  other  degrees,  nor 
had  the  Mark  been  carried  to  England  at  that  time.] 

The  Supreme  Council  having  been  established  at  Charleston  as  above 
stated,  it  was  the  first  Supreme  Council  of  the  world  and  became  the  mother 
and  grandmother  of  all  other  legitimate  Councils  that  were  brought  into  ex- 
istence, after  it  was  first  established  and  which  with  itself  are  the  only  legal 
authority  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  in  America  or  elsewhere. 

In  1802  it  conferred  the  33d  degree  on  Brothers  Count  de  Grasse  Tilley, 
Hacquet,  and  de  la  Hogue;  and  these  Brethren  by  its  authority  of  Letters 
Patent  dated  February  21st,  1802,  established  the  Supreme  Councils  of  France 
and  those  of  the  French  and  English  West  India  Colonies.  The  Supreme 
Council  of  France  was  duly  installed  by  111.  de  Grasse  Tilly,  on  the  22d  of 
December  1804,  at  Paris,  in  the  hall  known  as  the  Gallery  of  Pompeii,  situated 
in  the  Rue  Neuve  des  Petits  Champs.  This  Supreme  Council  was  the  first  and 
only  one  established  in  France,  and  it  was  afterwards  divided  into  two  branches, 
one  called  the  Supreme  Council  of  France  and  the  other  the  Supreme  Council  of 
the  Grand  Orient  of  France.  These  two  bodies  are  still  in  existence;  but 
the  former  only  is  in  relations  of  comity  with  the  Mother  Supreme  Council, 
(which  created  it,)  and  all  the  other  regular  Supreme  Councils  of  the  world. 

111.  Brother  de  Grasse  Tilly  also  established  the  Supreme  Councils  of 
Italy.  Naples,  Spain  and  the  Netherlands. 

Article  V.  of  the  Grand  Constitutions  of  1786,  provides  that  there  shall 
i>e  only  one  Supreme  Council  of  the  33d  degree  in  each  Nation  or  Kingdom; 
iwo  in  the  United  States  of  America,  as  distant  as  possible  one  from  the  other, 
one  in  the  British  Islands  of  America  and  one  also  in  the  French  Colonies. 

As  already  stated,  the  First  Supreme  Council  which  was  created  under 
those  Constitutions  was  that  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  It  began  its 
iabors  on  the  31st  of  May,  1801,  and  its  jurisdiction  extended  over  the  whole 
United  States  of  America,  until  the  5th  of  August,  1813,  when  it  established 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE   OF  FKEEMASOXRY. 


33 


the  "Supreme  Council  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Kite  of  Freema- 
sonry for  the  Northern  Jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,"  through  its  special 
proxv  and  representative,  Emmanuel  de  la  Motta.  This  Supreme  Council 
whose  M.  P.  S.  Grand  Commander  was  Brother  D.  D.  Tompkins,  Vice-Pres- 
ident  of  the  United  States  of  America,  replaced  the  Grand  Consistory  of 
Sublime  Princes  of  the  Royal  Secret  32d  Degree  which  had  been  established 
by  the  same  authority  on  the  6th  of  August,  1806.  Subsequently  in  after 
years  the  seat  of  the  Northern  Supreme  Council  was  removed  to  Boston.  Its 
jurisdiction  embraces  all  the  Northern  or  Northeast  quarter  of  the  United 
States  east  of  the  Mississippi  River  (excepting  the  small  eastern  fraction  of 
Minnesota,)  and  embraces  the  States  of  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont, 
Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Michigan,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois  and  Wisconsin.  All  the  rest  of  the 
States  and  Territories  were  reserved  by  the  Supreme  Council  for  the  Southern 
Jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  which  Masonically  remained  undisturbed 
and  unaffected  by  the  acts  of  secession  of  the  Southern  States,  which  formed 
the  Southern  Confederacy  during  the  late  Civil  War. 

The  Supreme  Council  for  the  Northern  Jurisdiction  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  created  the  Supreme  Council  of  England  and  Wales  in  March. 
1846,  and  this  Body  in  its  turn  created  the  Supreme  Councils  of  Scotland  and 
of  the  Canadian  Dominion,  the  Southern  Supreme  Council  creating  the  Su- 
preme Council  for  Ireland. 

The  labors  of  the  two  regular  Supreme  Councils  of  the  United  States  of 
America  and  their  subordinates  have  never  been  interrupted  and  from  the  first 
day  of  their  creation,  up  to  this  time,  both  have  enjoyed  the  rights  and  privi- 
leges of  Supreme  Councils,  as  the  constituent  and  administrative  heads  of  the 
Ancient  and  Accepted  Rite,  each  in  its  respective  jurisdiction  and  whenever 
an  attempt  has  been  made  to  invalidate  their  authority  and  prerogatives,  it 
has  been  met  with  a  denunciation  of  the  individuals  or  bodies  encroaching 
upon  their  rights.  Since,  therefore,  the  5th  of  August,  1813,  the  provisions  of 
Article  V  of  the  Constitutions  of  1786  have  been  complied  with,  and  there 
are  in  the  United  States  of  America  consequently  but  two  Supreme  Councils, 
They  have  ever  preserved  and  enforced  their  authority,  and  they  have  never 
failed  to  discountenance  all  attempts  against  an  authority  which  rightfully  ab 
initio  et  dejure  tt  de  facto  belongs  to  them. 

It  was  impossible  for  a  third  Supreme  Council  to  be  established  in  the 
United  States  of  America,  without  violating  the  Constitution  of  1786,  with- 
out which,  as  already  stated,  neither  the  33d  Degree  nor  Supreme  Council  can 
exist.  It  was  an  unwise  measure  to  have  established  a  second  Supreme  Coun- 
cil in  the  United  States,  even  though  it  was  permissible  by  the  Constitutions, 
as  subsequent  events  have  proved.  It  was  a  strange  historic  coincidence, 
that  the  very  year  that  saw  Blue  Masonry  in  England  of  the  two  Grand 
Lodges  there  consolidated  into  one,  that  Scottish  Freemasonry  in  the  United 
States,  should  have  even  amicably  divided  into  two  separate  organizations, 
each  Supreme  Council  altering  and  amending  its  own  Constitutions  and  Stat- 
utes and  changing  and  making  alterations  of  its  rituals,  destroying  the  har- 
mony and  uniformity  of  the  work. 


34  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  , THE 

But  at  that  time  there  were  no  railroads  or  steamboats,  and  the  distances 
being  so  great,  difficult  modes  of  conveyance  accompanied  with  great  expense 
and  loss  of  time  in  travelling  to  and  from  the  places  of  meeting  and  the 
country  again  in  war  with  Great  Britain  was  at  that  time  considered  a  good 
excuse  for  the  establishing  of  a  second  Supreme  Council;  and  it  will  be  a 
happy  day  for  the  Kite,  when  both  Supreme  Councils  shall  again  be  consoli- 
dated into  one  "National  Supreme  Council  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted 
Scottish  Kite  of  Freemasonry"  for  the  United  States  of  America,  and  which 
all  true  lovers  and  well  wishers  of  the  Kite  desire  to  see  accomplished  as  soon 
as  practicable. 

The  evil  fruits  of  the  division  were  soon  apparent,  and  both  Supreme 
Councils  were  soon  put  on  their  defense  against  the  invasion  of  imposters  and 
frauds,  which  did  not  effect  Scottish  Rite  Masonry  alone,  but  Grand  Lodges  of 
Blue  Masonry,  -Grand  Koyal  Arch  Chapters  and  even  Grand  Commanderies  of 
Knights  Templars,  spurious  bodies  of  which  were  also  established  as  well  as 
of  the  Scottish  Kite  by  these  impostors. 

We  do  not  intend  to  waste  ink,  paper  and  valuable  time  to  trail  up  all 
of  the  acts  of  these  frauds  and  their  dupes  and  give  a  history  of  the  spurious 
Councils  and  other  bodies  created  by  them;  yet  it  would  be  unwise  not  to 
acknowledge  that  they  have  had  an  existence  and  that  some  still  exist  to  be 
used  as  tools  by  the  Jesuits  for  the  purpose  of  destroying  Freemasonry  in  gen- 
eral, or  crippling  its  efforts  to  benefit  our  country  and  mankind. 

At  this  point  it  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  quote  from  a  letter  of  the  late 
111.  Bro.  Dr.  Henry  Beaumont  Leeson,  the  Sovereign  Grand  Commander  of 
the  Supreme  Council  of  England  and  Wales  and  their  Dependencies,  written 
at  London  in  1860  to  the  Grand  Commander  of  the  Southern  Supreme  Coun- 
cil of  the  United  States.  He  says: 

"Our  own  Council  is  now  in  a  flourishing  condition,  nearly  all  of  the  elite 
of  Masonry  in  England  being  ranged  under  our  banners;  and  although  we  .are 
distinct  from  Grand  Lodge,  who  acknowledge  only  the  first  three  degrees  and 
the  Royal  Arch,  and  Grand  Conclave,  governing  the  Knights  Templars. 
These  two  last  degrees  are  in  this  country,  perfectly  different  and  distinct  from 
any  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Degrees,  and  of  very  modern  origin,  neither 
Itaving  existed  previous  to  the  middle  of  the  last  century.  J§^°  The  Knight 
Templar  Degree  was  concocted  in  France  AND  I  POSSESS  THE  ACTUAL  MINUTES 
AND  OTHER  RECORDS  OF  THE  FRENCH  CONVENT.  T,he  Royal  Arch  (Dermott's) 
was  concocted  by  Ramsay,  and  modernized  by  a  Chaplain  (G.  Brown)  of  the 
late  Duke  of  Sussex."  (Grand  Master.) 

It  was  this  spurious  French  Knight  Templar  Degree,  and  different  from 
the  Webb  Templar  Degree,  that  was  not  only  carried  to  England  and  estab- 
lished there,  but  was  also  brought  to  the  United  States  by  the  French  impos- 
ter,  Joseph  Cerneau,  who  made  spurious  Templars  in  New  Orleans  as  well  as 
he  did  in  New  York,  where  he  and  his  co-adjutors  also  established  spurious 
Bodies  of  Templars  and  of  the  Rite  of  Perfection  with  twenty-five  degrees, 
and  by  the  hocus-pocus  of  jugglery  shifted  and  changed  the  names  of  his 
Bodies  from  time  to  time,  as  suited  his  pleasure  and  by  mere  dicta  per  se  alone, 
declared  himself  and  his  co-adjutors  Sovereign  Grand  Inspectors  Generals  of 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY. 


35 


the  33d  degree.     A  clandestine   Lodge  of  Fellow  Craft  Masons   might  with* 
equal  propriety  resolve  themselves  into  a  Grand  Lodge  of  Master  Masons, 
without  ever  having  even  clandestinely  been  raised  to  the  Sublime  Degree  of 
Master  Mason  at  all. 

Unfortunately,  afterwards,  the  Northern  Supreme  Council  for  a  few  years 
was  divided  into  two  factions  which  the  impostors  took  advantage  of  and  one 
of  these  factions  compromised  with  and  affiliated  some  of  the  dupes  of  these 
frauds,  and  took  them  in,  and  when  the  schism  or  breach  was  afterwards 
healed,  the  Northern  Supreme  Council  for  a  time  was  infected  with  an  un- 
healthy absorption  by  an  unwise  compromise  which  was  made  with  the  best 
intentions  for  the  good  of  Freemasonry. 

Some  of  these  frauds  had  been  the  means  of  splitting  even  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  New  York  in  twain,  and  the  original  chief  of  them,  this  French  ad- 
venturer and  impostor  had  previously  represented  the  spurious  Knight  Templars 
of  New  Orleans  and  the  spurious  Council  of  the  Rite  of  Perfection  of  Louisiana 
in  the  Grand  Encampment  of  Knights  Templar  of  New  York,  as  we  quote  from 
the  records.  "On  the  4th  day  of  May,  1816,  a  meeting  of  the  Grand  Encamp- 
ment of  Knights  Templar  of  New  York,  was  called  to  act  upon  an  applica- 
tion by  a  collected  body  of  Sir  Knights  Templar,  Royal  Arch  Masons,  and 
members  of  the  Sov.  Grand  Council  of  Sublime  Princes  of  the  Royal 
Secret  for  the  State  of  Louisiana,  sitting  at  New  Orleans  praying  that  a 
constitutional  charter  be  granted  them,  etc.  They  had  previous  to  this  appli- 
cation elected  and  installed  their  officers.  The  charter,  by  resolution,  was 
granted  them,  and  it  was  also 

Resolved: — That  the  ///.  Bro.  Joseph  Cerneau,  having  been  designated  by 
the  Louisiana  Encampment  to  be  their  representive  and  proxy  near  this 
Grand  Encampment,  be  and  is  hereby  acknowledged  and  accredited  as  such. 

Thus  in  this  manner  this  spurious  French  Templar  Degree  that  was  car- 
ried from  France  to  England,  got  into  the  United  States,  through  the  back 
door  as  it  were,  at  New  Orleans,  and  allied  with  a  spurious  Rite  and  Body  and 
is  amalgamated  with  the  American  Webb  Templar  Degree  at  New  York  and 
all  regular  Freemasonry  within  that  State  becomes  inoculated  with  the  poison, 
which  still  rankles  in  the  veins  of  some  who  are  still  leprous  and  beyond  the 
reach  of  hope  for  the'.r  recovery,  for  they  have  shown  themselves  to  the  priest  too 
often. 

To  suppress  the  evil  it  has  required  the  united  efforts  of  all  the  regular 
bodies  of  Freemasonry,  Grand  Lodges,  Grand  Chapters  and  Grand  Command- 
cries  of  Knights  Templars  as  well  as  both  of  the  regular  and  legitimate  Sn- 
preme  Councils  of  the  United  States,  to  quarantine  it,  and  then  destroy  it;  but 
it  is  a  leprous  cancer  and  poisons  all  who  come  in  contact  with  it  or  who  try  to 
apply  mild  remedial  applications,  when  only  constant  heroic  treatment  can 
eradicate  it.  There  f'.s  ft  Jesuit  at  the  root  of  it. 

Yet  in  spite  of  all  of  these  evils  which  have  beset  the  Ancient  and  Ac- 
cepted Scottish  Rite  of  Freemasonry,  it  has  made  great  advance  and  is  pros- 
pering; and  during  the  past  five  years  in  the  Northern  Jurisdiction  alone,  it 
lias  increased  nearly  fifty  per  cent,  in  numbers  and  the  returns  of  the  Supreme 
Council  for  the  Northern  Jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  for  September,  1889, 
shows  the  following: 


36  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

$ 
Active  Members  of  the  Supreme  Council 49 

Emeriti 2 

Honorary 477 

Total  Members  of  the  33d  D.'gree "."28 

No.  of  Consistories  of  the  32d  Degree , 31 

"     "     Members 12,150 

"     "     Chapters  of  Hose  Croix,  18th  Degree 48 

"     "     Members 12,764 

"     "     Councils  of  Princes  of  Jerusalem,  16th  Degree 53 

"     "     Members 13,290 

"  "  Lodges  of  Perfection,  14th  Degree 68 

"  "  Members 15,378 

Parenthetically  we  may  remark  that  in  spite  of  persecutions  and  Brethren 
being  imprisoned  for  no  other  reason  than  that  they  were  Freemasons,  yet 
under  the  Supreme  Council  of  Colon,  Cuba,  there  are  no  less  than  three  Con- 
sistories of  the  32°,  seven  Councils  of  Kinghts  Kadosh  30°,  thirty-four  Chapters 
of  Knights  Rose  Croix  18°,  thirty-four  Councils  of  Princes  of  Jerusalem  16°  and 
thirty-four  Lodges  of  Perfection  14°  in  the  Island  of  Cuba  "the  Gem  of  the  An- 
tilles," alone!  And  this  too  where  but  a  few  years  ago  our  Brethren  were 
butchered  and  murdered  at  their  altars. 

We  will  now  revert  to  the  Supreme  Council  for  the  Southern  Jurisdiction 
of  the  United  States  with  which  we  have  been  officially  and  otherwise  con- 
nected as  subordidate  to  and  a  Deputy  Inspector  General  at  times  for  a  period 
of  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century.  In  the  Southern  Masonic  Jurisdiction,  the 
Kite  suffered  severely  from  the  misfortunes  incident  to  the  late  civil  war.  Its 
treasury  was  exhausted  in  Masonic  charity,  its  records  and  rituals  lost  and 
burned  in  the  conflagration  of  Charleston,  (the  birthplace  and  home  of  our 
late  Brother  Mackey,  its  Secretary  General,)  and  other  cities,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  war  but  few  Bodies  had  any  existence,  and  the  Brethren  who  had  not 
died,  were  scattered  and  left  impoverished,  so  that  it  seemed  almost  impossible 
to  resuscitate  the  Kite  in  that  portion  of  its  jurisdiction. 

There  is  something  inexpressibly  sad  and  touching  as  we  read  the  records 
of  the  last  two  meetings  of  the  Supreme  Council  for  the  Southern  Jurisdiction 
of  the  United  States  held  previous  to  the  late  civil  war  and  those  immediately 
after  it.  That  of  March  28th  to  31st  of  1860  held  at  the  City  of  Washington. 
Of  the  nine  active  members  who  assembled  then,  only  two  survive,  the  present 
Grand  Commander  Albert  Pike,  and  the  Secretary  General  Fred  Webber. 
The  last  act  of  that  session  was  to  pay  a  pilgrimage  to  Mt.  Vernon,  escorted  by 
Washington  Commandery  of  Knights  Templar,  and  hold  a  Lodge  of  Sorrow  in 
honor  of  the  memory  of  George  Washington,  the  Father  of  his  Country,  a  lit- 
tle more  than  a  year  before  the  flames  and  explosions  of  the  civil  war  were  to 
burst  forth  over  the  land.  The  session  of  April  1st  in  1861  was  held  at  New 
Orleans  when  twelve  of  the  officers  and  active  members  were  present,  of  whom 
only  three  are  now  living,  Brothers  Pike,  Webber,  and  Batchelder. 

At  the  session  of  February,  1862,  at  Charleston,  only  four  were  present,  no 
business  transacted,  and  all  are  dead.  War  was  then  raging  in  all  its  fury, 


A.  &  A.  S.   RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  37 

and  Freemasonry  apparently  dead,  and  "silence  prevailed  in  all  the  valleys," 
while  tears  flowed  in  that  dark  hour  from  the  eyes  of  men  unused  to  weep. 

The  Southern  Supreme  Council  did  not  meet  again  until  after  the  close  of 
the  war,  and  in  the  Masonic  Hall  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  on  November 
17th,  1865.  Only  six  members  were  present  and  all  but  one  of  them,  the  pres- 
ent Grand  Commander  Albert  Pike,  have  crossed  over  the  river.  Excepting 
in  New  Orleans  there  were  no  Bodies  of  the  Rite  working  anywhere.  The 
ravages  of  war  had  swept  everything  away,  and  all  was  sadness,  sorrow  and 
ruin,  and  for  the  moment  a  feeling  of  hopeless  despair  pervaded  the  breasts  of 
this  half  dozen  veterans  of  the  Rite. 

The  Northern  Supreme  Council  was  then  divided  in  twain  and  impostors 
and  frauds  were  like  jackals  gorging  themselves  upon  the  battlefield  upon  the 
bodies  of  theslain.  "Ardet  ut  vimt."  "She  burns  that  she  may  live,"  was  once 
a  motto  of  the  old  Knights  Templars,  and  the  Phoenix  was  again  to  rise  from 
the  ashes  of  the  funeral  pyre.  For,  with  the  indomitable  energy  and  zeal  of  it 
Illustrious  Sovereign  Grand  Commander,  Albert  Pike,  33°,  who  had  during  the 
last  two  years  and  a  half  of  the  war,  been  engaged  in  rewriting  and  restoring 
its  rituals,  whose  matchless  scholarship  in  ancient  lore  and  profound  knowledge 
of  the  Ancient  Mysteries  and  philosophy,  aided  by  that  other  most  illustrious 
Mason,  the  Moses  and  Lawgiver  of  the  Fraternity  of  Freemasons  around  the 
Globe,  Albert  Gallatin  Mackey,  33°,  the  late  Dean  and  Secretary  General  of 
the  Southern  Supreme  Council,  assembling  like  Zerubbabel  and  Haggai  with  a 
few  others  at  the  ruins  of  their  Temple  at  Jerusalem,  commenced  the  recon- 
struction of  the  Rite  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  upon  the  old  foundations 
which  remained  undisturbed.  Though  the  Temple  and  City  were  destroyed* 
yet  their  jurisdiction  of  the  Holy  Empire  remained  intact.  Without  money 
and  means  they  devoted  themselves  to  the  work.  That  portion  of  the  juris- 
diction which  before  had  been  comparatively  unoccupied,  and  happily  escaped 
the  ravages  of  war,  and  the  black  cloud  of  sorrow  and  desolation  which  covered 
the  southern  and  eastern  portions  of  their  jurisdiction,  still  moistened  with 
blood  and  wet  with  the  dew  of  tears  of  the  sorrowing  and  afflicted,  had  a  silver 
and  even  a  golden  lining  when  lifted  by  the  fresh  breezes  from  the  Pacific  shores, 
borne  across  the  Sierras'  and  the  Rocky  Mountains'  crest,  to  the  woe-strickeo 
hills  and  valleys  of  the  South. 

As  has  already  been  stated,  nearly  all  the  Bodies  of  the  Rite  in  the  South- 
ern Jurisdiction  were  either  dead  or  dormant,  and  the  work  of  resuscitation 
and  reconstruction  was  a  most  herculean  task  to  attempt  or  accomplish;  and  in 
the  midst  of  it  there  arose  opposition  and  bitter  controversy  from  ignorance 
and  prejudice  which  continued  for  many  years,  until  it  was  happily  allayed, 
the  error  acknowledged  by  those  other  Brethren  who  wantonly  assailed  the 
Rite,  but  who  afterwards  became  its  most  vigorous  and  ardent  defenders. 

On  the  Pacific  Coast,  the  late  111.  E.  H.  Shaw,  33°,  Active  Inspector  General 
for  California,  aided  by  111.  Thomas  H.  Caswell,  33°,  (now  also  Active  Inspector 
General  for  California  and  Grand  Chancellor  of  the  Southern  Supreme 
Council),  in  1866  to  1870,  established  twenty  Bodies  of  the  Rite  in  California 
including  the  Grand  Consistory  of  which  the  writer  became  the  Grand  Registrar 
and  since  that  time  Inspector  General  Caswell  has  established  one  other  Body  of 


38  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

the  Rite  in  California,  besides  doing  a  very  large  amount  of  work  in  advancing 
the  interests  of  the  Rite  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

In  Oregon,  in  the  same  period,  111.  John  C.  Ainsworth,  33°,  then  Active 
Inspector  General  of  that  State,  aided  by  the  late  E.  H.  Shaw,  33°,  established 
six  Bodies  of  the  Rite  in  that  State. 

The  latter  also  established  four  Bodies  of  the  Rite  at  Virginia  City  in  the 

State  of  Nevada,  in  1867,  and  in  1871,  one  at  Salt  Lake  City,  in  Utah  Territory. 

The  writer  as  the  Deputy  of  the  late  E.  II.  Shaw,  33°,  constituted  one 

Body  at  Hamilton,  White  Pine  County,  Nevada,  in  1871,  and  as  the  Deputy  of 

III.  Thomas  II.  Caswell,  33°,  one  body  at  Eureka.  California,  in  1871. 

As  the  Deputy  of  the  Southern  Supreme  Council  in  1872  he  established 
fifteen  Bodies  of  the  Rite  on  Puget  Sound  in  the  then  Territory  but  now  State 
of  Washington.  In  1874  and  1875  he  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  two 
Bodies  of  the  Rite,  one  above  the  other  at  Carson  City,  Nevada,  and  was  in- 
stalled Master  of  both. 

In  October,  1883,  he  assisted  in  organizing  three  Bodies  of  the  Rite  IB  Oak- 
land, California,  of  which  he  became  a  Charter  member  and  the  Commander  of 
the  Council  of  Kadosh  of  which  Bodies  he  is  still  a  member  and  an  officer  in 
each,  being  at  present  the  W.  Master  of  the  Chapter  of  Rose  Croix. 

(The  Grand  Commander  having  conferred  the  degrees  upon  a  class  of 
twelve  members  previously,  who  formed  about  one  third  of  the  charter  mem- 
bers when  constituted). 

111.  Charles  F.  Brown,  33°,  having  for  many  years  rendered  most  efficient 
service  to  the  Rite  by  untiring  zeal,  devotion  and  perseverance,  and  worked  his 
way  up  from  the  onerous  position  of  Muster  of  Ceremonies  of  the  Lodge  of 
Perfection  to  that  of  Venerable  Master  of  the  same,  and  through  the  Oriental 
chairs  of  the  various  other  Bodies,  to  the  office  of  Venerable  Grand  Master  of 
the  Grand  Consistory  of  California,  which  he  honored  by  his  efficiency  and 
zeal,  was  at  last  rewarded  by  being  elected  and  crowned  as  an  Active  Member 
for  the  State  of  California,  in  the  Southern  Supreme  Council. 

As  his  Deputy,  the  writer,  in  the  year  1385,  constituted  four  Bodies  of  the 
Rite  in  California  and  as  the  Deputy  and  Grand  Lecturer  of  the  Grand  Con^ 
sistory  (of  whicli  he  is  still  an  officer)  he  visited  and  instructed  the  various 
Bodies  of  the  Rite  in  the  interior  and  on  the  borders  of  the  State  of  California. 
During  the  last  twenty-two  years  the  writer  has  been  a  charter  member 
and  officer  of  no  less  than  nine  Bodies  of  the  Rite,  a  member  and  officer  of  four 
others  and  as  a  Deputy  has  constituted  twenty-one  other  Bodies  of  the  Rite  in 
California,  Nevada  and  the  State  of  Washington,  making  thirty-five  Bodies  in  all 
consisting  of  one  Grand  Consistory  32°,  one  Subordinate  Consistory  32°,  six 
Councils  of  Kadosh  30°,  nine  Chapters  of  Rose  Croix  18°,  six  Councils  of  Princes 
of  Jerusalem  16°,  and  twelve  Lodges  of  Perfection  14°,  with  which  as  a  member 
and  an  officer  he  has  been  identified,  while  he  bus  participated  in  the  initiation 
of  many  hundreds  of  Master  Masons  into  the  Rite,  upon  a  large  proportion  of 
which  he  has  himself  officially  conferred  all  the  degrees  from  the  4th  to  the 
32nd  inclusive.  As  a  recognition  of  the  long  sixteen  years  of  service  pre- 
viously rendered  to  the  Rite,  the  Southern  Supreme  Council  by  unanimous 
vote  at  its  session  in  October,  1884,  elected  him  a  Knight  Commander  of  the 


A.   &  A.   S.  KITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  39 

Court  of  Honor  and  to  receive  the  Thirty-third  Degree  as  an  honorarium,  and 
an  Honorary  Member  of  that  Supreme  Council,  which  was  duly  conferred  upon 
him. 

At  the  time  of  the  Triennial  Conclave  of  the  National  Grand  Encamp- 
ment of  Knights  Templars  of  the  United  States,  held  in  San  Francisco  in 
August,  1883,  the  Grand  Consistory  of  California  welcomed  and  entertained 
at  their  parlors  in  the  Palace  Hotel,  no  less  than  480  Scottish  Rite  Brethren  of 
the  32nd  degree,  visitors  to  the  Pacific  Coast  borne  upon  its  register,  while  the 
utmost  spirit  of  courtesy  and  fraternity  prevailed;  and  delegations  from  Cali- 
fornia Commandery,  No.  1,  and  Golden  Gate  Commander}',  No.  16,  of  Knight 
Templar  visited  the  Scottish  Rite  headquarters,  which  were  returned  by  the 
Grand  Consistory  in  full  uniform,  accompanied  by  the  2d  Regiment  Band. 

There  is  no  ground  or  cause  for  envy,  jealousy  or  conflict  existing  between 
the  two  Rites,  and  only  the  ignorant,  narrow-minded  and  bigoted,  who  are  in- 
capable of  receiving  more  light,  whose  capacity  is  already  filled,  and  they  can 
hold  no  more,  are  like  lamps  filled  with  wicking,  with  but  a  small  space  for 
oil,  give  but  little  light,  soon  burn  out,  and  end  in  darkness  and  smoke. 

The  Supreme  Council  of  the  Southern  Jurisdiction  has  now  removed  it* 
headquarters  to  Washington  City,  District  of  Columbia.  It  owns  its  own 
asylum,  which  belongs  to  all  the  members  of  the  Rite  alike,  in  its  jurisdiction, 
and  where  its  business  may  be  transacted,  and  official  and  fraternal  intercourse 
held  with  every  Mason,  who  will  always  find  a  cordial  welcome  under  its  roof 
Its  constituency  is  constantly  and  steadily  increasing,  with  nearly  two  hun- 
dred regularly  organized  bodies  of  the  Rite  over  its  widely  extended  territory, 
and  nearly  approaching  in  number  of  members  that  of  its  more  prosperous 
Sist«r  Council  of  the  Northern  Jurisdiction,  which  did  not  suffer  by  calamities 
of  war. 

To  the  late  111.  K  H.  Shaw,  33°,  Thomas  H.  Caswell,  33°,  Charles  F. 
Brown,  33°,  Active  Inspectors  General  for  California,  Theodore  H.  Goodman; 
33°,  Stephen  Wing,  32°,  George  J.  Hobe,  33°,  and  others  of 
California;  111.  John  C.  Ainsworth,  33°,  John  McCracken,  33°,  Rockey  P. 
Earhart,  33°,  Active  Inspectors  General,  and  Irving  W.  Pratt,  33°,  and  Christ- 
topher  Taylor,  33°,  Honorable  Inspectors  General  and  others  for  the  State  of  Or- 
egon, and  111.  James  S.  Lawson,  33°,  Active  Inspector  General  for  the  State  of 
"Washington  (now  of  California),  James  G.  Hayden,  33°,  and  others  of  that 
State,  is  the  Rite  mainly  indebted  for  its  success  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  whose 
influence  and  power  is  daHy  being  augumented,  and  its  mission  being  steadily 
performed.  It  confers  no  degrees  but  what  are  strictly  and  legitimately  its 
own,  and  its  doors  are  open  to  every  worthy  intelligent  Master  Mason,  who  is 
seeking  for  knowledge  and  light,  and  who  is  willing  to  use  the  sword  when 
necessary  in  the  defense  of  the  trowel  in  the  building  of  the  temple  of  civil  and 
religious  freedom,  where  the  principles  of  Liberty,  Equality,  and  Fraternity 
are  inculated,  and  where  the  loftiest  truths  of  science  and  philosophy  are 
taught,  and  the  religion  of  humanity  without  creed,  and  politics  without  party, 
are  most  studiously  cultivated.  A  ladder  like  that  in  Jacob's  dream,  where 
the  Christian,  the  Jew,  the  Mohammedan,  the  Brahmin,  and  even  a  Buddhist 
brother  may  climb  to  its  summit  and  view  the  Infinite,  and  hold  communion 


40 


BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 


with  the  All  Father  if  he  so  desires,  without  encroaching  upon  the  rights  and 
privileges  of  his  brother  Mason. 

It  is  this  spirit  of  toleration  which  the  Rite  inculcates,  and  like  the  bee 
gathers  honey  from  every  flower  for  the  common  hive,  yet  carries  a  weapon  to 
defend  itself  when  attacked  in  its  course  by  the  oppressor,  the  thief,  and  the 
robber  in  every  land. 

The  illustrious  names  of  Parvin,  Tucker,  Jordan,  Teller,  Carr,  Browne, 
Batchelor  and  others,  shine  brightly  over  the  plains  east  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, from  British  America  to  Mexico,  from  the  Ohio  River  to  the  Gulf  and 
from  the  majestic  Mississippi  to  the  storm-beaten  shores  of  the  Atlantic;  while 
the  index  finger  of  Liberty  from  the  dome  of  the  Capitol  of  the  Nation  beckons 
the  members  of  our  Supreme  Council  to  assemble,  and  beneath  the  shadow  of 
the  loftiest  monument  ever  erected  to  the  memory  of  man,  the  "Father  of  His 
Country"  and  the  "Father  of  American  Freemasonry,  our  own  beloved  Washing- 
ton, who  received  the  gift  of  his  sword  from  Frederick  the  Great,whogave  us  our 
Grand  Constitutions,  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite,  and  in  whose 
honor  the  city  of  Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  was  named,  and  in  our  own  juris- 
diction. 

Of  the  legitimate  Supreme  Councils  duly  recognized  by  each  other  around 
the  globe  entitled  to  fraternal  recognition,  are  the  following: 

Southern  Jurisdiction.  U.  S.  A ..Constituted  May  31,       1801 

*France  (Supreme  Council) "  Sept.  22,       1804 

Northern  Jurisdiction,  U.  Si  A "  Aug.  5,         1813 

Belgium "  March  11,    1817 

Ireland "          June  11,       1825 

Brazil "          April  6,        1826 

Peru "          Nov.  2,         1830 

New  Grenada "  1833 

England,  Wales  and  Dependencies "  March  1846 

Scotland "  1846 

Uruguay "  1856 

Argentine  Republic "          Sept.  13,       1858 

Turin,  of  Italy "  1848 

Colon  (Cuba) "  1855 

Venezuela "  1864 

Mexico "          Apr.  28,        1868 

Portugal "  1842 

Chili '  May  24,  1862 

Central  America '  May  27,  1870 

Hungary '  Nov.  25,  1871 

Greece '  June  24,  1872 

Switzerland '  March  30,  1873 

Canada .' , '  October,  1874 

Rome,  of  Italy Jan.  14,  1877 

Egypt 

Spain "  1879 

Tunis "  May  11,  1880 

Canada 

*The  Grand  Orient  of  France  is  not  in  fraternal  communion  with  any  Masonic 
body  of  the  United  Slates. 


A.  &  A.   S.    RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  41 

The  following  Supreme  Councils  have  been  formed,  but  have  not  received 
formal  recognition  and  the  court -ey  of  an  exchange  of  representation:  Naples 
of  Italy,  Dominican  Republic,  Turkey,  Palermo  of  Italy,  Florence  of  Italy,  and 
Luxemburg. 

To  several  of  these  Supreme  Councils  the  Grand  Lodges  of  the  maritime 
States  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Coasts  appoint  representatives  to  and  receive 
representatives  from,  they  being  also  Grand  Lodges  and  governing  the  blue 
degrees.  But  in  the  United  States,  England,  Scotland  and  Ireland,  the  govern- 
ment of  the  symbolic  Lodges  and  the  control  of  the  blue  degrees  are  relinquished 
to  the  Grand  Lodges  of  their  several  jurisdictions. 

But  to  receive  the  degrees  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  in 
the  United  States,  //  is  only  necessary  to  be  a  Master  Mason  in  good  stand- 
ing, and  the  degrees  of  the  Scottish  Rite  commence  from  that  of  Master  Mason, 
and  are  regularly  conferred  in  legally  constituted  bodies  of  the  Rite,  at  or  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  applicant's  residence,  if  there  be  any;  or  they  are  conferred 
by  communication  by  Active  Inspectors  General  of  the  33d  degree  of  the  Rite, 
or  by  their  duly  appointed  Deputies,  who  are  authorized  to  communicate  them 
and  create  members  at  large,  as  nuclei  for  others  to  be  afterward  constituted 
into  bodies  when  there  are  a  sufficient  number,  the  fees  received  being  paid  into 
the  Charity  fund,  after  deducting  the  necessary  expenses  of  the  Supreme  Coun- 
cil. 

While  it  may  be  considered  a  large  number  of  degrees,  yet  the  lessons  and 
catechism  to  be  learned  are  very  short,  not  averaging  over  five  questions  and 
answers  to  a  degree,  in  order  to  be  perfect.  Yet  the  patent,  or  diploma,  will  at. 
all  times  admit  the  lawful  possessor  to  any  body  of  the  Rite  which  he  is  entitled 
to  visit  by  virtue  of  the  rank  of  the  degree  to  which  he  has  attained. 

The  following  is  the  scale. of  degrees  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish 
Bite,  and  are  designated  as  follows.  The  Ineffable  Degrees  pettain  to  King 
Solomon's  Temple  only. 

The  Ineffable  Degrees  conferred  in  a  Lodge  of  Perfection  are: 
4°,  Secret  Master, 
5°,  Perfect  Master, 
6°,  Intimate  Secretary, 
7°.  Provost  and  Judge, 
8°,  Intendant  of  the  Building, 
9°,  Knight  Elect  of  the  Nine, 

10°,  Illustrious  Elect  of  the  Fifteen, 

1 1°,  Sublime  Knight  Elect  of  the  Twelve, 

12°,  Grand  Master  Architect, 

18°,  Royal  Arch  of  Solomon, 

14°,  Grand  Elect  Perfect  and  Sublime  Mason, 

AY  Inch  have  sole  reference  to  all  the  events  in  detail,  in  regular  order  in 
connection  with  the  completion  and  dedication  of  King  Solomon's  Temple, 
and  which  may  be  classified  as  follows:  The  4th  and  .">th  have  relation  to 
the  proper  tribute  due  to  the  memory  of  the  third  Grand  Master  of  the  Tem- 
ple. TheV.tii.  Ttii  and  8th,  to  supplying  the  place  made  vacant  by  the  death 
of  the  Architect  <>f  the  Temple,  in  keeping  the  record  of  the  plans  agreed 


42  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

upon  by  the  two  kings,  the  adjustments  of  the  accounts  and  demands  of  the 
workmen,  the  settlement  of  disputes,  and  the  resumption  of  work  upon  the 
Temple. 

The  9th  and  10th  to  the  faithful  administration  of  justice,  which  never 
tires  or  sleeps.  The  llth,  the  rewardingof  the  faithful  and  true  for  bringing 
offenders  to  justice,  and  the  regulation  of  the  equitable  collection  of  the  rev- 
enues of  the  realm.  The  12th,  the  science  of  architecture,  the  use  of  all  the 
instruments  and  their  morals,  and  the  science  of  astronomy,  with  geometry 
and  the  lofty  lessons  to  be  learned  in  the  study  of  the  starry  heavens  above  us. 
The  13th,  the  fortunate  discovery  of  that  which  have  been  lost,  but  unknown 
to  the  discoverers;  and  the  14th,  the  preparation  of  the  mind,  heart  and  body 
by  consecration  to  the  service  of  true  Freemasonry,  and  to  receive,  with  the 
fullest  and  most  ample  explanations,  the  great  treasure  and  reward  on  the 
competion  of  the  Temple,  which  is  delivered  by  the  two  kings  to  the  patient, 
discreet,  and  faithful  workman,  which  will  enable  him  in  all  his  journeys 
through  life  to  be  welcomed  and  received  as  a  true  brother,  earn  his  wages  and 
the  bread  for  himself  and  his  family,  and  to  contribute  to  the  relief  of  his 
fellows. 

NOTE. — From  the  Sixth  Degree  and  a  portion  of  the  history  of  the  Fourteenth 
Degree,  the  Degree  of  Select  Master  was  made.  And  from  the  Thirteenth  and  Fif- 
teenth Degrees,  with  a  change  of  history,  applied  to  the  second  Temple  under  Zerub- 
babel,left  unfinished,  Lawrence  Dermott  made  his  Royal  Arch  when  he  split  the 
Grand  Lodge  of  England  in  twain,  in  1739,  and  added  to  by  Dunckerly,  when  he  dis- 
membered the  Master  Masons  Degree  and  cutting  off  the  True  Word  and  attaching  it 
to  the  Royal  Arch,  and  remodeled  by  Webb,  is  the  Royal  Arch  Degree  of  the  Ameri- 
can Rite  as  practiced  in  the  United  States  as  heretofore  stated. 

SECOND  TEMPLE  DEGREES. 

The  following  are  the  Second  Temple  Series: 

15°,  Knight  of  the  East,  of  the  Sword  or  of  the  Eagle. 

16°,  Prince  of  Jerusalem. 

These  two  degrees  are  founded  upon  the  history  of  the  two  reigns  of  the 
Persian  monarchs,  Cyrus  and  Darius,  the  destruction  of  the  Temple  of  Solo- 
mon by  ISebuzuradan,  the  captivity  of  the  Jews,  who  were  carried  away  into 
Babylon,  the  decrees  of  these  two  kings  permitting  the  rebuilding  of  the  Tem- 
ple by  Zerubbabel  and  the  restoration  of  the  holy  vessels,  and  the  release  of 
the  Jews  from  captivity,  with  the  hindrances  and  opposition  from  the  Sa- 
maritans, all  serving  to  symbolize  the  destruction  of  the  Order  of  the  Temple 
which  was  ruined,  scattered  and  proscribed,  and  of  a  country  which  has  once 
lost  its  liberties,  and  the  difficulty  of  regaining  them,  teaching  to  Freemasons, 
as  brethren,  the  lessons  of  patience  and  perseverance  under  affliction  and 
trials,  and  never  to  despair  in  their  efforts  to  regain  that  which,  through 
treachery,  persecution,  oppression  and  robbery,  whether  of  liberty  or  posses- 
sions, they,  like  the  old  Knights  Templars,  may  have  lost. 

NOTE. — These  two  degrees  were  taken  bodily  by  Webb,  from  the  Ancient  and 
Accepted  Scottish  Rite,  telescoped  or  consolidated  by  him  and  called  the  "Red  Cross 
Degree"  and  placed  by  him  in  the  American  Commanderies  of  Knights  Templar, 
•without  leave  or  license.  They  are  entirely  Jewish  and  Persian  in  history  and  drama 
and  the  events  occurred  563  years  before  the  Crucifixion  of  Christ,  as  already  stated. 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  43 

KMGHT  OF  THE  EAST.  The  Fifteenth  Degree  of  the  Ancient  and  Ac- 
cepted Scottisli  Rite.  It  is  also  substantially  the  Tenth  Degree  or  Knight  of 
the  Red  Cross  of  the  American  Rite.  [Page  415,  Mackey's  Enc.] 

KNIGHT  OF  THE  EED  CROSS.  "Webb,  or  whoever  else  introduced  it  into 
the  American  system,  undoubtedly  took  it  from  the  Sixteenth  Degree  or 
Prince  of  Jerusalem  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Rite. 

It  has  within  a  few  years,  been  carried  into  England  under  the  title  of  the 
"Red  Cross  of  Babylon."  In  New  Brunswick  it  has  been  connected  with  Cryp- 
tic Masonry.  It  is  there  as  much  out  of  place  as  it  is  in  aCommandery  of 
Knights  Templars."  [Page  418,  Mackey's  Enc.] 

BABYLONISH  PASS.  A  degree  given  in  Scotland  by  the  authority  of  the 
Grand  Royal  Arch  Chapter.  It  is  also  called  the  Red  Cross  of  Babylon  and 
is  almost  identical  with  the  Knight  of  the  Red  Cross  conferred  in  Command- 
eries  of  Knights  Templar  as  a  preparatery  degree.  [Page  99,  Mackey's  Enc.] 

EMBASSY.  The  embassy  of  Zerubbabel  and  four  other  Jewish  chiefs  to 
the  court  of  Darius  to  obtain  the  protection  of  that  monarch  from  the 'en- 
croachments of  the  Samaritans,  who  interrupted  the  labors  in  the  recon- 
struction of  the  Temple,  constitutes  the  legend  of  the  Sixteenth  Degree  of  the 
Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite,  and  also  of  the  Red  Cross  degree  of  the 
American  Rite,  which  is  surely  borrowed  from  the  former.  [Page  250, 
Mackey's  Enc.] 

THE  SPIRITUAL  TEMPLE  DEGREES. 

17°,  Knight  of  the  East  and  West. 

18°,  Knight  Rose  Croix  (or  of  the  Rosy  Cross.) 

The  15°  and  16°  embraced  in  the  Council  of  Jerusalem  are  now,  with  the 
17°  and  18°,  conferred  in  the  Southern  Jurisdiction,  in  the  Chapters  of  Rose 
Croix. 

The  17°  of  Knight  of  the  East  and  West  portrays  the  history  and  life  of 
St.  John  the  Baptist  and  his  sad  fate  like  that  of  the  Master  Builder  of  Solo- 
mon's Temple,  who  fell  a  victim  and  a  Martyr  to  the  principles  of  virtue,  in- 
tegrity and  truth;  and  also  the  history  and  teachings  of  St.  John  the  Evange- 
list, the  Beloved  Disciple  who,  in  his  gospel,  declared  that  "in  the  beginning 
was  the  Word,  and  the  Word  was  with  God  and  the  Word  was  GOD,"  and 
whose  rapturous  vision  of  the  New  Jerusalem  on  the  Isle  of  Patmos,  in  which 
he  was  told  to  "weep  not,  behold  the  Lion  of  the  tribe  of  Judah,  the  Root  of 
David  hath  prevailed,"  made  him  the  Knight  of  the  West  to  proclaim  the 
truth  in  revelation  as  John  the  Baptist  had  been  the  Knight  and  Herald  of 
the  East,  at  the  head  of  the  Order  of  the  Essenes,  to  declare  the  approach  of 
"One  that  cometh  after  him,  and  who  is  preferred  before  him." 

The  18°,  or  Rose  Croix,  portrays  the  history  of  him  who  came  to  elevate 
his  race  and  to  be  the  Reformer  and  Redeemer  of  Men.  One  whom  all  liber- 
al minded  men,  regardless  of  creed,  will  readily  admit  was  unjustly  and  in- 
humanly put  to  death,  as  a  victim  to  satisfy  the  clamors  of  a  fanatical  mob, 
at  the  instigation  of  a  hierarchy  that  was  false  to  its  race,  and  content  to  will- 
ingly serve  under  the  foreign  yoke  of  a  conqueror,  to  pay  tribute  to  its  power, 
that  priestly  authority  might  control  the  destiny  of  its  own  people  whom  it 


44  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

was  willing  should  be  kept  in  subjection  that  they  might,  with  a  rod  of  iron, 
rule  over  the  hearts  and  consciences  of  men.  A  hierarchy  that  finds  to-day 
its  counterpart  at  the  Vatican  in  Rome.  In  the  18°  no  violence  is  done  to  any 
man's  religious  faith,  while  the  Christian  may  draw  its  lessons  more  closely  to 
heart  than  others;  yet  the  grand  principles  of  Toleration,  Humanity  and  Fra- 
ternity are  taught,  in  which  all  good  men  may  recognize  Christ  as  a  Most  Wise 
Master  Builder,  and  one  endeared  to  us  as  "our  elder  Brother,"  who  has  taught 
us  to  say  "Our  Father  which  art  in  Heaven,"  and  to  "Do  unto  others  as  we 
would  have  them  do  unto  us." 

NOTE.— From  the  Rose  Croix  Degree,  Webb  made  his  Kuight  Templar  Degree 
in  part. 

THE  HISTORIC,  PHILOSOPHIC  AND  CHIVALRIC  DEGREES. 

19°,  Grand  Pontiff'. 

20°,  Grand  Master  of  all  Symbolic  Lodges. 

21°,  Noachite  or  Prussian  Knight. 

22°,  Prince  of  Libanus,  or  Knight  of  the  Royal  Axe. 

23°,  Chief  of  the  Tabernacle. 

24°,  Prince  of  the  Tabernacle. 

25°,  Knight  of  the  Brazen  Serpent. 

26°,  Prince  of  Mercy. 

27°,  Knight  Commander  of  the  Temple. 

28°,  Knight  of  the  Sun,  or  Prince  Adept. 

29°,  Grand  Scottish  Knight  of  St.  Andrevr 

30°.  Knight  Kadosh,  or  of  the  Temple. 

The  19th  degree  relates  to  the  Apocalyptic  Vision  of  St.  John  the 
'Evangelist,  and  the  hoped-for  milleniiitn,  when  there  shall  be  a  perfect  union 
of  mankind  under  the  perfect  sway  of  Toleration  and  Charity. 

The  20th  degree  teaches  Veneration  for  the  Deity,  Knowledge,  Science 
and  Philosophy,  inculcates  Charity,  Generosity,  Heroism,  Honor,  Patriotism, 
Justice,  Toleration  and  Truth. 

The  21st  degree  portrays  the  history  of  the  Knights  Crusaders,  who 
returned  to  Europe  from  the  wars  in  the  Holy  Land,  to  find  themselves  and 
their  kindred  stripped  of  their  properties  by  the  rapacity  and  canning  frauds 
of  the  Monks,  and  the  recovery  of  their  lands,  and  the  punishment  meted  out 
to  those  cowled  thieves  and  robbers  who  plundered  the  estates  of  the  living 
and  dead,  and  the  absent  defenders  of  the  Faith  in  Palestine,  and  turned  old 
men,  women  and  children  out  upon  the  highways  to  starve  and  perish  by  the 
roadside. 

The  22d  degree  relates  to  the  work  upon  Mt.  Lebanon,  and  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  timbers  and  woodwork  for  the  Temple;  the  dignity  of  labor,  and 
that  in  Freemasonry  rank  and  nobility  go  for  naught,  and  that  he  who  will 
not  work  among  his  fellows  in  the  Craft,  shall  not  eat. 

The  23d  and  24th  degrees  relate  to  the  history  of  the  formulation  of  the 
ceremonies  of  the  Jewish  religion,  in  the  setting  up  of  the  Tabernacle  in  the 
Wilderness,  and  the  doctrines  and  laws  given  by  Moses,  who  was  well  versed 
in  all  the  knowledge  of  the  Egyptians. 


A.   &  A.   S.    RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  45 

The  25th  degree  portrays  the  sufferings  of  the  Children  of  Israel,  who 
were  bitten  by  fiery  serpents  in  the  Wilderness,  and  the  raising  up  of  the 
brazen  serpent  by  Moses,  that  those  who  looked  upon  it  might  live,  in  which 
the  profoundest  doctrines  are  taught  of  life  and  death,  and  to  lead  men  away 
from  their  evil  passions  and  to  look  for  help  and  relief  from  above. 

The  26th  degree  particularly  treats  of  mercy,  charity  and  loving  kind- 
ness, of  toleration,  and  that  men  are  not  to  be  persecuted  and  tortured  on  ac- 
count of  different  creeds  or  faiths,  all  of  which  is  exemplified  by  recounting 
the  sufferings  and  woes  inflicted  for  religious  differences  of  opinion  in  the 
ages  that  are  past. 

The  27th  degree  relates  to  the  Crusades  under  Henry  VI,  of  Germany, 
son  of  Frederic  Barbarosa,  aided  by  all  the  knighthood  and  chivalry  of 
Europe,  joined  by  Philip  Augustus  of  France,  and  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion  of 
England,  which  went  to  the  Holy  Land  in  1191,  and  became  the  Teutonic 
branch  of  the  Order  of  the  Temple,  and  known  as  the  Knights  of  St.  Mary, 
where  they  established  a  Hospital  on  Mount  Sion,  for  the  reception  of  pil- 
grims. The  lessons  taught  to  fight  for  the  glory  of  Masonry,  to  uphold  its 
banners  and  vindicate  its  principles;  to  love,  revere  and  preserve  liberty  and 
justice;  and  to  favor,  sustain  and  defend  the  oppressed,  without  neglecting  the 
sacred  duties  of  hospitality. 

The  28th  degree  treats  of  science  and  philosophy,  and  inculcates  the  full 
exercise  of  intelligent  reason  and  faith  in  the  reading  of  the  Book  of  Nature, 
with  a  well  grounded  trust  in  the  wisdom  and  mercy  of  the  Creator. 

The  29th  degree  portrays  the  history  and  valor  of  the  Scottish  Branch  of 
Knights  Templar,  or  Grand  Scottish  Knight  of  St.  Andrew;  the  inculcations 
of  a  spirit  of  humility,  patience  and  self-denial,  with  charity,  clemency  and 
generosity  based  upon  virtue,  truth  and  honor,  and  to  resist  all  oppression, 
whether  it  proceed  from  temporal  or  spiritual  authority,  and  to  recover  that 
which  was  lost  through  persecutions,  robbery  and  death,  inflicted  by  those 
powers  which  destroyed  the  Order  of  the  Temple  and  plundered  it  of  its  law- 
ful possessions,  giving  a  portion  as  a  reward  to  their  enemies,  the  Knights  of 
St.  John  of  Jerusalem,  now  known  as  the  Knights  of  Malta. 

The  30th  degree  relates  to  the  history  of  the  Order  of  the  Temple,  their 
woes,  sufferings,  banishment,  destruction  and  death,  and  bears  the  same  rela- 
tion to  the  Knight  Kadosh,  that  the  3d  degree  does  to  Master  Masons,  or  the 
18th  degree  to  Knights  Rose  Croix,  with  this  difference,  that  it  is  vastly  more 
profound  in  its  depth  of  meaning,  and  more  determined  in  its  aims  and  objects. 
It  is  the  areopagusand  citadel  of  Freemasonry.  It  neither  attacks  or  defends 
any  man's  creed  or  religious  faith,  but  it  maintains  the  rights  of  conscience, 
freeedom  of  speech,  and  free  government.  The  horrors  of  the  past,  committed 
by  crowned  and  mitred  tyrants,  crushing  out  the  souls  of  men  and  trampling 
liberty  in  the  dust,  are  neither  forgotten  or  forgiven,  so  long  as  oppression  and 
wrong  from  temporal  and  spiritual  despots  are  permitted  to  exist  and  curse  the 
eons  of  men.  Liberty,  Equality  and  Fraternity  are  its  cardinal  tenets,  with 
the  warning  ever  in  view,  that  "Eternal  vigilance,  education  and  enlighten- 
ment are  the  life  and  guarantees  of  liberty." 


46  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

NOTE.  The  soth  Degree  or  Knight  Kadosh,  [Kadosh  Kadoshim,  the  Sanctum 
Sanctorum  or  Holy  of  Holies  of  the  Temple]  is  the  real  Knights  Templars'  Degree 
•which  in  110  wise  resembles  the  American-Webb-Templar,  or  the  spurious  French 
Jesuit  or  Cerneau  Templar  Degrees,  in  ceremony,  ritual,  teachings  or  dress.  As 
no  one  under  the  inflexible  rule  of  the  REAL  ORDER  OF  THE  TEMPLE  or  "Poor  Fellow 
Soldiers  of  King  Solomon's  Temple  or  of  Jesus  Christ,"  could  be  admitted  and  created 
a  Knight  Templar  unless  he  was  of  noble  blood,  the  remnant  of  Knights  Templars  after 
the  Battle  of  Bannockburn  in  Scotland,  June  24th,  1314,  and  after  having  been  created 
by  Bruce,  Knights  of  the  Rosy  Cross  and  Knights  Grand  Crosses  of  St.  Andrew  of  Scot- 
land, they  created  the  Order  of  Knights  Kadosh,  to  be  composed  of  themselves  and 
those  they  saw  proper  to  admit  to  their  fellowship  and  confidence,  after  having  tested 
their  patience,  fidelity  and  courage.  And  as  they  could  no  longer  be  known  as  Knights 
Templars,  they  chose  the  name  of  Kadosh,  the  better  to  conceal  their  identity  for  per- 
sonal safety;  and  they  also  assumed  the  name  of  Knights  of  the  Black  and  White 
Eagle,  the  black  and  white  having  reference  to  the  colors  of  the  pavement  of  King 
Solomon's  Temple,  and  of  their  lost  Beauseaut,  while  the  IJagle  was  the  symbol  of 
liberty,  as  in  the  same  manner  the  guild  of  Operative  Freemasonry,  adopted  or  ac- 
cepted as  Brothers  and  Fellows,  those  admitted  of  the  speculative  and  philosophic 
Freemasonry. 

It  is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that  their  true  name  of  Knights  Templars  should  have 
been  dropped;  but  being  sensitive  and  proud  of  their  blood  audachievem—  'ts  and  his- 
tory, they  preferred  to  let  the  true  name  or  title  go  down  in  honor  and  to  be  ob" 
scuredby  the  adoption  of  a  new  one,  Knight  Kadosh,  not  dreamingthat  other  persons 
of  another  age  and  another  land  across  the  Atlantic,  not  then  discovered,  should  pre- 
sume to  take  their  names,  titles  and  consolidate  them  with  those  of  their  enemies, 
the  Knights  of  Malta,  unwarrantedly  use  emasculated  portions  of  their  work,  and 
ignorantly  but  innocently  flaunt  their  insignia  and  banners  before  the  world,  without 
lineage  of  blood  or  lawful  inheritance  of  their  ancient  rights,  honors  and  privileges, 
and  without  carrying  out  the  objects  and  purposesof  the  Old  and  True  Knights  Tern. 
plars,  as  faithfully  delineated  by  their  true  successors,  the  Knights  Kadosh,  in  the 
degrees  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  of  Freemasony  by  its  regular  and 
legally  constituted  authorities.  Happily,  however,  the  error  is  being  rapidly  cor- 
rected by  the  swelling  of  the  ranks  of  the  Scottish  Rite,  by  those  who  have  also  re- 
ceived the  Webb  and  Cross  System  of  degrees,  more  appropriately  denominated  by 
our  late  and  lamented  Brother,  Albert  G.  Mackey,  33°,  as  the  "American  Rite,"  who 
rose  to  the  highest  distinction  in  both  Rites.  As  Napoleon  once  said,  "If  you  prick  a 
Russian,  you  bleed  a  Tartar,"  so  it  may  be  said  with  nearly  equal  truth,  if  one  should 
happen  to  prick  an  intelligent  Knight  Templar  of  the  American  Rite,  who  has  at- 
tained any  distinction  at  all,  he  would  find  that  he  was  drawing  the  blood  of  a  Rose 
Croix  Knight,  or  of  a  Knight  Kadosh  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  of 
Freemasonry,  the  Parent  of  all  true  Masonic  Knighthood,  Philosophy  and  Chivalry. 

In  connection  with  this  subject,  the  writer  disclaims  any  hostility  to  a  Rite  long 
established,  with  which  he  himself  is  connected  and  when  it  is  too  late  to  remedy  the 
original  wrong  or  correct  the  error;  but  he  believes  in  the  motto,  "Magna  est  Veritas 
et  prevalebit"  and  that  in  writing  the  history  of  Freemasonry  impartially  and  un- 
biased, that  "the  truth,  THE  WHOLE  TRUTH,  AND  NOTHING  BUT  THE  TRUTH," 
should  be  stated,  clear  from  the  fountain  head;  "nothing  extenuated  and  naught  set 
down  in  malice." 

Compensation  is  being  made  by  the  manly,  chivalric  and  Masonic  support  being 
given  by  the  Grand  Lodges,  Grand  Royal  Arch  Chapters  and  Grand  Commanderies  of 
American  Knights  Templars,  in  recognizing  the  legality  and  regularity  of  both  the 
Southern  and  Northern  Supreme  Councils  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  of 
Freemasonry,  which  so  far  as  they  are  concerned  at  the  present  day,  is  ample  atone- 
ment for  the  infringement  and  wrongs  perpetrated  nearly  a  century  ago  by  Webb, 
Cross  and  their  coadjutors,  for  which  their  ignorant  and  innocent  successors  are  in 
no  wise  to  be  held  responsible. 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  47 

CONSISTORIAL  AND  JUDICIAL  DEGREES. 

31°,  Grand  Inspector  Inquisitor  Commander. 

32°,  Master  of  the  Kadosh,  or  Prince  of  the  Royal  Secret. 

The  31st  degree  is  the  highest  judicial  degree  and  Supreme  Court,  so  to 
speak,  of  the  Rite,  in  which  all  appeals  are  heard,  and  the  trials  of  all  cases 
above  the  rank  of  the  30th  degree.  The  lessons  taught  are  of  the  highest 
order  of  justice,  in  which  the  examples  of  Moses  and  the  principal  law  givers 
of  the  ancient  nations  are  represented  and  cited,  and  it  is  the  most  august  tri- 
bunal held  in  Freemasonry,  to  teach  the  loftiest  principles  of  Truth,  Equity 
and  Justice. 

The  32d  degree  teaches  the  ancient  truths  and  philosophy  of  our  Aryan 
ancestors  as  they  have  come  down  to  us  drained  through  the  Alexandrian 
school  of  science,  and  the  Zoroastrian  doctrines;  the  fundamental*  principles 
of  the  Mosaic  and  Christian  dispensations,  the  resurrection  of  the  body  and 
the  immortality  of  the  soul,  with  all  the  symbolism  of  our  ancient  brethren 
left  as  monuments  to  guide  us  in  our  investigation  and  search  after  truth. 

The  plan  of  battle  to  resist  the  encroachments  and  attacks  of  our  enemies, 
with  the  entire  body  of  Freemasonry  in  all  of  its  divisions  united  as  a  whole, 
by  means  of  its  symbolic  geometric  formation  and  combinations  of  its  mys- 
terious numbers. 

NOTE. — In  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Northern  Supreme  Council,  the  Council  or  Pre- 
ceptory  of  the  Knights  Kadosh  is  within  the  bosom  of  the  Consistory,  while  in  that  of 
the  Southern  they  are  separate. 

The  rituals  of  the  degrees  differ  materially  in  their  drama  and  while  that  of  the 
Northern  Jurisdiction  applies  more  direct  to  the  scenes  and  history  of  the  Crusades, 
requiring  the  skill  of  the  athlete  and  adroit  to  delineate  the  drama  represented,  those 
of  the  Southern  Jurisdiction  are  more  intellectual,  historic  and  philosophical,  which 
do  not  require  the  experts  of  a  gymnasium  to  represent  its  physical  development  to 
the  sacrifice  of  the  intellectual.  The  Rite,  in  the  latter  iurisdiction  has  a  higher  cul- 
ture for  its  initiates  and  seeks  rather  to  instruct,  than  to  astonish  and  amuse.  But  the 
refined  scholar  as  well  as  the  most  robust  and  athletic  gymnast,  can  find  sufficient  food 
in  both  jurisdictions  for  thought,  as  well  as  to  enlarge  the  porosity  of  his  cuticle  in 
sudorific  physical  exercise;  but  he  will  find  a  wider  sphere  for  his  development  in 
the  Camp  of  the  Saracens,  in  paying  his  physical  devotions  to  tht  Deity  of  the  Mystic 
Shrine,  which  is  in  no  wise  Masonic  in  any  sense,  but  an  acrobatic  descent  from 
the  sublime  to  the  ridiculous,  and  instead  of  the  war-horse  of  the  Crusader,  the  bare- 
back of  the  bucking  wild  ass  of  the  desert  forms  the  inverted  crescent  to  bestride 
instead  of  the  steed  of  Richard  of  the  Lion  Heart. 

In  the  Northern  Jurisdiction,  Councils  of  Deliberation  are  held  in  each  State  of 
all  the  bodies  from  the  I4th  to  the  326  degree  inclusive,  presided  over  by  a  Deputy  for 
the  State,  in  which  all  local  legislation  is  presented  and  acted  upon,  to  be  afterwards, 
approved,  annulled  or  amended  by  the  Supreme  Council. 

In  some  of  the  States  of  the  Southern  Jurisdiction  and  Japan,  there  are  Grand 
Consistories  which  govern  the  Bodies  the  of  Rite  in  their  respective  states,  limited 
Onlv  by  the  Grand  Constitutions  and  the  Statutes  of  the  Supreme  Council.  In  other 
states  the  highest  bodies  are  particular  Consistories,  with  no  power  of  government 
over  any  other  Bodies  of  the  Rite  below  themselves. 

THE  GOVERNING  DEGREE. 

33°,  Grand  Master  of  the  Kadosh  or  Sovereign  Grand  Inspector  General. 

The  33d  degree  is  conferred  in  the  Supreme  Council  of  the  Rite,  which  is 

the  governing  body  over  all.  which  prescribes  its  law?  and  statutes  for  the 


48  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

various  divisions  into  which  the  organized  bodies  are  divided.  The  active 
members  are  limited  to  thirty-three,  including  the  officers,  who  for  their  re- 
spective States  are  relatively  the  Grand  Masters  of  the  Kite.  Honorary  In- 
spectors General,  are  those  who  are  elevated  to  the  degree,  but  have  no  other 
powers  than  those  specifically  delegated  to  them,  or  they  are  appointed  as 
Special  Deputies  to  propagate  the  Kite  by  communicating  the  degrees  and  the 
establishing  of  bodies.  In  all  other  respects  they  are  like  delegates  in  Con- 
gress, with  the  right  to  a  voice,  but  not  to  a  vote. 

In  the  Southern  Supreme  Council  the  Statutes  limit  the  number  of  Active 
Members  of  the  33d  Degree  to  33  and  no  more.  In  the  Northern  Supreme 
Council  to  just  double  the  number  or  86. 

In  the  Southern  Supreme  Council  there  is  what  may  be  called  the  Vesti- 
bule to  the  Thirty-third  Degree,  called  the  "Court  of  Honor,"  which  is  com- 
posed of  two  grades  or  ranks  and  each  Active  and  Emeritius  Member  of  the 
Supreme  Council  \sex-officio,  a  memberof  both  grades.  The  firstgradeis  that 
of  Knight  Commander,  which  is  conferred  for  general  meritorious  services 
supposed  to  have  been  rendered  to  the  Rite,  and  is  conferred  upon  Brethren 
of  the  32d  Degree,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Grand  Consistories  or  by 
the  Active  Inspectors  Generals  of  their  respective  States.  The  second  or  high- 
est grade  is  that  of  Knight  Grand  Cross  which,  with  the  jewel,  is  conferred 
upon  Brethren  of  the  32d  degree  for  extraordinary  service  and  merit  in  the 
Rite.  Both  of  the  grades  of  honor  are  reserved  and  cannot  be  conferred  upon 
any  person  who  may  ask  for  them.  When  conferred,  it  is  an  act  of  gratuity 
and  appreciation  for  service  rendered. 

It  is  necessary  to  have  the  rank  of  Knight  Commander  of  the  Court  of 
Honor,  in  order  to  be  eligible  to  receive  the  Thirty-third  Degree. 

In  the  Southern  Supreme  Council  there  are  29  Active  Members,  with  four 
vacancies  to  fill.  There  are  nine  Emeriti  or  Retired  Active  Members,  and 
205  Honorary  Members,  making  in  all  243  Members  of  the  33d  Degree.  The 
number  of  Knights  Grand  Crosses  is  75,  and  Knights  Commanders  of  the 
Court  of  Honor  of  32d  degree  is  205. 

There  are  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Southern  Supreme  Council  four 
Grand  Consistories  of  the  32d  degree,  one  each  in  Louisiana,  Kentucky,  Cali- 
fornia and  the  Empire  of  Japan.  There  are  also  13  Particular  or  Subordi- 
nate Consistories  throughout  the  Jurisdiction,  including  one  at  Honolulu  in 
the  Hawaiian  Islands.  There  are  28  Councils  of  Kadosh  of  the  30th  degree. 
Of  Chapters  of  Rose  Croix,  of  the  18th  degree  47,  and  of  Lodges  of  Perfec- 
tion of  the  14th  degree  81. 

As  the  territory  of  the  Supreme  Council  of  the  Southern  Jurisdiction 
covers  so  vast  an  extent,  and  some  of  the  Bodies  of  the  Rite,  are  too  remote  for 
Brethren  Master  Masons  who  may  desire  to  receive  the  degrees  without  travel- 
ling great  distances  and  at  enormous  expense/  the  Active  or  Deputy  Inspector 
Generals  are  authorized  by  the  Statutes,  to  confer  the  degrees  by  communica- 
tion, and  place  them  on  the  Subordinate  Roll  of  the  Supreme  Council  as  Mem- 
ber s-at-large,  with  the  direction  at  the  first  favorable  opportunity,  when  after- 
wards residing  in  the  vicinity  of  regular  subordinate  Bodies  of  the  Rite,  they 
must  make  application  for  affiliation  therewith.  It  is  fair  to  presume  that  ten 


A.   &  A.   S.  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  49 

per  cent,  of  the  membership  of  the  Rite  in  the  Southern  Jurisdiction  are 
members-at-large,  and  as  the  Rite  is  a  Propaganda  within  the  Body  of  Free- 
masonry, this  is  permissible  as  well  as  obligatory,  upon  all  Active  and  Deputj 
Inspectors  Generals  and  Bodies  of  the  Rite,  but  no  person  not  already  a  Mas- 
ter Mason  and  in  good  standing  can  be  admitted  to  "THE  ROYAL  AND  MILI- 
TARY ORDER  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  THE  TEMPLE,"  which  is  the  true  title  of  the 

"ANCIENT  AND  ACCEPTED  SCOTTISH  RlTE  OF  FREEMASONRY. 

The  above  concludes  all  the  information  that  is  permitted  to  be  given 
concerning  the  Rite  which,  for  the  beauty  of  its  ritual,  the  splendor  of  its 
drama,  profundity  of  its  philosophy  and  ethics,  the  activity  put  in  force  in 
the  promulgation  of  its  principles,  which  have  now  spread  over  the  whole 
earth,  its  perfectness  of  system,  the  high  character  of  its  membership,  which 
embraces  liberal  kings  on  their  thrones,  the  nobility  and  best  scholars  of 
Europe  and  America,  the  elite  of  the  Fraternity  around  the  globe,  with  whom 
the  most  modest  but  intelligent  Master  Mason  may  find  companionship,  re- 
ceive and  impart  instruction  and  feel  at  home,  to  whom  its  doors  are  open, 
and  whose  way  up  its  staircase  leading  to  science  and  philosophy,  to  its  halls 
where  Gallileo,  Copernicus  and  Kepler  would  have  delighted  to  tread,  and, 
like  Humboldt,  find  a  place  for  rest  and  repose,  without  the  shadow  of  a  fa- 
miliar of  the  Inquisition  to  darken  the  entrancesor  summon  to  trial  in  the  tor- 
ture chambers,  where  the  body  is  made  to  suffer  for  the  breathing  of  the 
thoughts  that  are  generated  by  the  aspirations  of  the  soul. 

In  conclusion,  it  is  but  proper  to  reiterate  that  the  Scottish  Rite  which 
has  doubled  its  numbers  in  the  past  five  years  and  continually  increasing,  confers 
no  degrees  but  its  own,  and  has  no  conflict  with  any  legitimate  bodies  of  any 
other  Rite  of  Freemasonry  to  which  so  many  of  its  members  belong.  It  com- 
mends itself  to  the  thoughtful  Masonic  student  as  worthy  of  his  study  and 
research  in  which  he  will  find  the  truth,  and  the  reward  for  the  time  expend- 
ed in  his  investigations,  that  of  the  Philosopher's  Stone. 

NOTE:— By  way  of  explanation  it  may  be  stated,  perhaps,  as  one  of  the  reasons  for 
the  slight  difference  of  the  manner  of  the  working  of  the  degrees  of  the  Rituals  of  the 
Rite  between  the  Southern  and  Northern  Jurisdictions,  and  changes  which  had  to  be 
necessarily  made,  the  late  111.  Brother  Azariah  T.  C.  Pierson,  33°,  Active  Inspector  Gen- 
eral for  the  State  of  Minnesota,  in  the  Southern  Jurisdiction,  shortly  before  his  decease, 
in  November,  1889,  informed  the  writer  "that  the  late  Masonic  firm  of  Macoy  and  Sickles, 
of  New  York  City,  both  of  whom  are  33°,  and  belong  to  the  Northern  Supreme  Council, 
printed  the  rituals  for  the  Supreme  Council  of  the  Southern  Jurisdiction  as  well,  but 
who  unfortunately  failed  in  business,  and  that  the  stereotype  plates  which  belonged  to 
either  or  both  regular  Supreme  Councils,  were  surreptitiously  seized  upon  and  taken 
by  persons  connected  wth  theCerneaufraud,  who  claimed  that  they  had  bought  them 
with  the  rest  of  the  property  of  Macoy  and  Sickles,  which  was  sold  for  the  benefit  of  their 
creditors;  and  that  it  was  with  these  stereotype  plates  of  the  rituals  thus  surreptitiously 
obtained  that  the  fraudulent  Cerneau  Supreme  Council  was  thus  enabled  to  improve  its 
own  meagre  skeleton,  and  give  its  subordinate  bodies  a  semblance  of  the  true  work 
conferred  under  the  authority  of  the  regular  Supreme  Councils,  which  for  self-protec- 
tion against  impostors  and  clandestine  Scottish  Rite  Masons,  had  to  call  in  all  the 
rituals  then  out,  and  to  issue  new  ones  in  lieu  thereof."  If  such  be  the  case,  and 
believing  it  to  be  true,  it  will  account  for  the  ease  and  facility  of  making  dupes  by  the 
impostors  by  presenting  to  them  a  counterfeit  coin  containing  so  large  a  percentage 
of  the  true  metal  in  its  manufacture,  and  the  great  difficulty  of  convincing  Brethren 


50  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

not  belonging  to  the  lawful  and  legitimate  jurisdictions,  of  the  Cerneau  impostures  as 
being  frauds  and  their  victims  who  could  not  believe  themselves  to  be  swindled  or 
that  they  had  been  clandestinely  made. 

Fortunately  the  evil  is  fast  being  overcome,  and  the  true  and  legal  authorities  of 
the  Rite  sustaining'  themselves  with  the  moral  support  of  all  other  regular  Hodies  of 
Freemasonry  throughout  the  world. 

The  foregoing  completes  the  labors  of  the  writer  in  the  true  history  of 
Freemasonry  in  general,  and  of  the  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Kite  in 
particular,  briefly  but  carefully  presented. 

Fraternally  Yours, 

EDWIN  A.  SHERMAN,  33°, 

Hon.  Insp.  Gen.  and  the  late  Special  Deputy  and  Grand  Lecturer  of  the 
Grand  Consistory  of  California.  Hon.  Mem.  of  the  Southern 
Supreme.  Council,  Secretary  of  the  Masonic  Veteran  Association  of 
the  Pacific  Coast,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

OAKLAND,  CAL.,  June  1st,  1890. 


TABLEAUX  OF  OFFICERS  AND  ACTIVE  MEMBERS 

OF  THE 

Supreme  Council  of  the  Southern  jurisdiction 
of  the  l/nited  States, 


Register  of  Subordinate  Bodies,  Supreme   Council  of  the  jj°, 

A.  &  A.  S.  Rite  of  Freemasonry,  Southern 

Jurisdiction,    U.  S.,  1890. 


Tableau  of  the  Supreme  Council  of  Sovereign  Grand  Inspectors- 
General,  33°,  for  the  Northern  Masonic  Jurisdiction 
of  the  United  States. 


Grand  Bodies,  Ancient  and  Accepted  Scottish  Rite,  Recognized  by 
the  Supreme  Councils,  33°,  of  the  Southern  and  North- 
ern Jurisdictions  of  the  U.  S. 

Roll  of  Officers  and  Members  of  the  Masonic  Vein  an  Association 
of  the  Pacific  Coast,   Etc.,   Etc.,  Etc. 


TABLEAUX  OF  OFFICERS  AND  ACTIVE  MEMBERS 


OF  THE 


Supreme  Council  for  the  Southern  jurisdiction 
of  the  United  States, 


(Officer*. 

Grand  Commander ALBERT  PIKE Washington  City,  I}.  C. 

Lieut.  Grand  Command fr..]AUHS  CUNNINGHAM  BATCHELOR 

New  Orleans,  La. 

Grand  Prior PHILIP  CROSBY  TUCKER Galveston,  Texas 

Grand  Chancellor THOMAS  HUBBARD  CASWELL 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Grand  Minister  of  State...  ERASMUS  THEODORE  CARR 

Leavenworth,  Kan. 

Secretary  General FREDERICK  WEBBER. ..Washington  City,  D.  C. 

Treasurer  General JOHN  MILLS  BROWNE..  "  "      "  " 

Grand  Almoner ROBERT  CARREL  JORDAN... Omaha,  Nebraska 

Grand  Auditor SAMUEL  MANNING  TODD....NCW  Orleans,  La. 

Second  Grand  Auditor WILLIAM  OSCAR  ROOME,  (33°  Hon.) 

Washington  City,  D.  CX 


Grand  Constable ODELL  SQUIRE  LONG Wheeling,  W.  Va, 

Grand  Chamberlain MARTIN  COLLINS St.  Louis,  Mo. 

First  Grand  Equerry JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS  FELLOWS 

New  Orleans,  La. 

Second  Grand  Equerry..... JAMES  RUDOLPH  HAYDEN Seattle,  Wash 

Grand  Standard  .#<rar<«T...BuREN  ROBINSON  SHERMAN. ..Waterloo,  Iowa 

Grand  Sword  Bearer GILMORE  MEREDITH Baltimore,  Met 

Grand  Herald HENRY  MOORE  TELLER Central  City,  Co}. 

Grand  Tiler WILLIAM  REYNOLDS  SINGLETON,  (33°  Hon.) 

Washington  City,  D.  C. 

2Uttt»e  timber*. 

THEODORE  SUTTON  PARVIN Iowa  City,  Iowa 

JAMES  SMYTHE  LAWSON San  Francisco,  Cal. 

DE  WITT  CLINTON  DAWKINS Jacksonville,  Florida 

MICHEL  ELOI  GIRARD Lafayette,  La. 


54  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

CHARLES  FREDERICK  BROWN.  .v  ..............................  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

ROCKY  PRESTON  EARHART  ...........................................  Salem,  Oregon 

EUGENE  GRISSOM  ........................................................  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

JAMES  DANIEL  RICHARDSON  ..........................  .  ......  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. 

SAMUEL  EMERY  ADAMS  .........................................  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

RUFUS  EBERLE  FLEMING  .........................................  Fargo,  N.  Dakota 

ADOLPHUS  LEIGH  FITZGERALD  ...................................  Eureka,  Nevada 

JOHN  FREDERICK  MAYER  .............................................  Richmond,  Va. 

NATHANIEL  LEVIN  ....................................................  Charleston,  S.  C. 

RICHARD  JOSEPH  NUNN  ........................................  Savannah,  Georgia 

GEORGE  FLEMING  MOORE  .................................  Montgomery,  Alabama 

©meritt  ov  ^etiretr  gUttt>e  iplember». 

CLAUDE  SAMORY  .....................................................  New  Orleans,  La. 

GEORGE  B.   WATERHOUSE,    now  in  New  York  ...............  North  Carolina 

JOHN  C.  AINSWORTH,    now  in  Oakland,  Cal  ......................    .....  Oregon 

JOHN  McCR  AKEN  ......................................................  Portland,  Oregon 

ABRAHAM  E.  FRANKLAND,   now  in  New  York  ......................  Tennessee 

WILLIAM  ROBERTS  BOWEN,    now  in  Pennsylvania  ..................  Nebraska 

JOHN  LONSDALE  ROPER  .............................................  Norfolk.  Virginia 

ROBERT  S.  INNES  ................................  -  ................................  Minnesota 

ACHILLES  REGULUS  MOREL,  now  of  Oakland.  Cal.    (9)  ............  Louisiana 


ALABAMA. 
STEPHEN  HENRY  BEASELEY  ............................................  Montgomery 

FAY  MCCULLOCK  BILLING    (2)  ........................................          " 

ARIZONA. 
MERRILL  PINGREE  FREEMAN    (i)  ............................................  Tucson 

CALIFORNIA. 
ALEXANDER  GURDON  ABELL  ..........................................  San  Francisco 

ISAAC  SUTVENE  TITUS  ....................................................  "          " 

ELISHA  INGRAHAM  BAILEY,  Surgeon  U.  S.  Army  .............  " 

GEORGE  JOHN  HOBE  ...............................................  ......  " 

THEODORE  HENRY  GOODMAN  ......................................    •'          " 

AYLETT  RAINES  COTTON  .........................  ......................  •'         " 

PETER  THOMAS  BARCLAY  .......................................  "          " 

DAVID  BERNARD  JACKSON  .............................................  "          " 

COLUMBUS  WATKRHOUSE  .............................................  "          " 

CHARLES  THOMAS  HANCOCK  ......................    .................  "          " 

WILLIAM  ABRAHAM  DAVIS  ...........................................  " 

JOHN  MASON  BUFFINGTON  .....................................  -  ............   Oakland 

EDWIN  ALLEN  SHERMAN....  ...............................................       " 

DAVID  MCCLURE  ..................................................................       " 

NATHAN  WESTON  SPAULDING  .............................................  ...       " 

WILLIAM  FRANK  PIEKCE  ..............................................  .......       " 

CHARLES  EDWIN  GILLETT  ....................................................       " 

JAMES  BESTOR  MERRITT  ........................................................      " 


A.  &  A.  S.  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  55 

•CHARLES  MEDLEY  DOUGHERTY Alameda  Co. 

CHARLES  JACOB  R.  BUTTLAR Eureka 

SILAS  MONTGOMERY  BUCK •« 

CHARLES  E.  STONE Marysville 

WILLIAM  FRANKLIN  KNOX Sacramento 

WILLIAM  MONROE  PETRIE " 

JAMES  ROBERT  DUPUY    (26) Los  Angeles 

COLORADO. 

LAWRENCE  NICHOLS  GREENLEAF Denver 

EDWARD  CARROL  PARMELEE Georgetown 

RICHARD  W.  POMEROY    (3) 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

CLEMENT  WELLS  BENNETT Washington 

EDWARD  FITZKI 

JOHN  FRAZIER  HEAD " 

REV.  WILLIAM  AUGUSTUS  HARRIS 

CHRISTOPHER  INGLE " 

ABNER  TOWNSLEY  LONGLEY " 

EDWIN  BALRIDGE  MAC  GROTTY " 

LUTHER  HAMILTON  PIKE " 

WILLIAM  OSCAR  ROOME 

WILLIAM  SMITH  ROOSE 

JOHN  ERNST.  CHRISTOPHER  SCHMID " 

THOMAS  SOMERVILLE 

JOSEPH  CLARENCE  TAYLOR 

JOHN  WILSON 

WILLIAM  W.  UPTON 

JAMES  LANSBURY 

THOMAS  GEORGE  LOOCKERMAN    (17) 

GEORGIA. 

JAMES  EMMET  BLACKSHEAR. Macou 

ANDREW  MARTIN  WOLIHIN " 

THOMAS  WHITTY  CHANDLER Atlanta 

CALVIN  FAY    (4) 

GERMANY. 

J.  IGNATIUS  HIRSCHBUHL     (i) r.aden  Baden 

HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 

KING  DAVID  KALAKAUA Honolulu 

JOHN  OWEN  DOMINIS 

WILLIAM  COOPER  PARKE 

GEORGE  WILLIAMS    (4) 

ILLINOIS. 

FRANCIS  A.  HAYDEN     (i) Chicago 

IOWA. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON  ASHTON i.yous 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON  PARKER '. 

ARTEMUS  LAMB Clinton 


56  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

JAMES  VAN  DEVENTER Clinton 

GEORGE  W.  BEVER Cedar  Rapids 

JAMES  MORTON    (6) "          " 

JAPAN. 

DURHAM  WHITE  STEVENS Tokio 

OSCAR  KEiL .- Yok ohama 

AUGUSTUS  LANGEELDT " 

ADOLPHO  FARSARI    (4) " 

KANSAS. 

JOHN  HENRY  BROWN Wyandotte 

JOHN  CALVIN  CARPENTER Leavenworth 

ALONZO  CHENEY  EMMONS " 

PETER  JOHN  FRELIN  G. 

BURTON  EVERINGTON  LANGDON Fort  Scott 

MATTHEW  MURRAY  MILLER Clay  Center 

ADRIAN  CYRUS  SHERMAN Rossville 

CHARGES  SPAULDING Topeka 

EVAN  DAVIS " 

CHARLES  STIPES  WILDER Lawrence 

JEREMIAH  GILES  SMITH Wichita 

JEREMIAH  SIMPSON  COLE    (12) 

KENTUCKY. 

GEORGE  C.  BETTS Louisville 

JAMES  ALEXANDER  BEATTIE " 

JOHN  WILLIAM  COOK... " 

JOHN  FINZER " 

HENRY  WEEDEN  GRAY " 

EDWIN  GILBERT  HALL " 

HENRY  HARRISON  NEAL " 

WILLIAM  REINECKE " 

WILLIAM  RYAN " 

LEVI  SLOSS " 

KILBOURNE  WALTER  SMITH " 

CHARLES  CHRISTOPHER  VOGT " 

THOMAS  UNDER  WOOD  DUDLEY " 

FRANK  H.  JOHNSON  (Deputy  for  Kentucky) " 

BURTON  K.  LANGDON " 

CHARLES  H.  FISK Covini*ton 

ROBERT  TALBOT  MILLER 

WARREN  LARUE  THOMAS Marvsville  . 

CAMPBELL  H.  JOHNSON v Henderson 

MAX  J.  MACK Cincinnati,  Ohio 

JAMES  G.  SHIELDS     (21) ....New  Albany,  Ind. 

LOUISIANA. 

ALBERT  G.  BRICE New  Orleans 

EMMETT  DEWITT  CRAIG -. 

ALFRED  HENRY  ISAACSON "        " 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  57 

GEORGE  SOULE New  Orleans 

HENRY  PEET  BUCKLEY «  " 

CHARGES  E.  KELLS «  « 

ANDREW  HERO,  JR •<  <« 

JOSEPH  POTTS  HORNKR «<  <« 

THOMAS  CRIPPS "  «« 

MARK  QUAYLE     (10) "  « 

MARYLAND. 

THOMAS  AUGUSTUS  CUNNINGHAM Baltimore 

JOHN  HAZLEHURST  BONNEVILLE  LATROBIC " 

NATHAN  LEHMAN •< 

CHARGES  THOMAS  Sisco •< 

DAVID  WEISENFIELD " 

THOMAS  JACOB  SHRYOCK    (6) " 

MINNESOTA. 

GILES  WILLIAM  MERRILL St.  Paul 

ORVILLE  GILBERT  MILLER " 

CHARLES  WHIPPLE  NASH " 

JOHN  CARL  TERRY " 

CALEB  HENRY  BENTOX Minneapolis 

EDWARD  ARMENIUS  HOTCHKINS " 

JAMES  MONTGOMERY  WILLIAMS " 

DAVID  MARCUS  GOODWIN " 

JOSEPH  HAYES  THOMPSON 

SAMUEL  S.  KILVINTON    (10) 

MISSOURI. 

AMBROSE  WEBSTER  FREEMAN St.  Louis 

THOMAS  ELWOOD  GARRETT " 

WILLIAM  NAPOLEON  LOKEK " 

STEPHEN  BROWN  POTTER '' 

STEPHEN  D.THACHER    (5) Kansas  City 

MISSISSIPPI. 
FREDERICK  SPEED    (i) Vicksburg 

MONTANA. 

HARRY  RETZER  COMBY Helena 

CORNELIUS  HEDGKS 

JOHN  CRITTENDEN  MAJOR.    (3) " 

NEBRASKA. 

HARRY  PORTER  DEUEL Omaha 

ELBERT  FREEMAN  DUKE 

JOHN  JAMES  MONBLL,  JR 

CHARLES  PHILIP  NEEDHAM 

ROBERT  HENRY  HALT 

WILLIAM  CLEBURKK 

HENRY  CLAY  AKIN 

ROBERT  HECTOR  OAKLEY Lincoln 

EDGAR  SWARTWOUT  DUDLEY 


58  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

THOMAS  SEWELL , Lincoln 

ROBERT  WILKINSON  FURNAS Brownsville 

BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN  RAWALT Hastings 

JAMES  ALLEN  TULLEYS Red  Cloud 

EDWIN  FORCE  WARREN Nebraska  City 

FRANK  HENRY  YOUNG    (15) Custer 

NEVADA. 

FLETCHER  HARRIS  HARMON    (i) Eureka 

NEW  YORK. 

JOSEPH  THOMAS  BROWN     (i) New  York  City 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

ANDREW  HORACE  BURKE .j. Fargo 

MARK  ANTHONY  BREWER ^ " 

CHARLES  CHRISTIAN  KNEISLEY ". " 

THOMAS  CHASE  PAXTON , " 

FRANK  JURED  THOMPSON " 

DANIEL  FRANK  ETTER    (6) Yankton 

ORB;GON. 

STEPHEN  FOWLER  CHADWICK Salem 

CHRISTOPHER  TAYLOR Dayton 

JOSEPH  NORTON  DOLPH :..  Portland 

JOHN  R.  FOSTER 

IRVING  W.  PRATT " 

FERDINAND  N.  SHURTLIFF    (6) " 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

JOHN  SOMERS  BuiST Charleston 

JOHN  FREDERICK  FICKEN 

HENRY  WHARTENBERG  SHRODER " 

THOMAS  MOULTRIE  MORDECAI    (4) " 

TENNESSEE. 

FORDYCE  FOSTER  BOWEN Memphis 

JOHN  ZENT " 

CHARLES  HAZEN  EASTMAN Nashville 

JOHN  FRIZZELL " 

PITKIN  C.  WRIGHT " 

KUGENE  HERMAN  PLUMACHER " 

BENJAMIN  RUFUS  HARRIS Jackson 

HENRY  R.  HOWARD     (8) Aillahoma 

TEXAS. 

JOSEPH  KNIGHT  ASHBY Fort  Worth 

SPOTSWOOD  WELLFORD  LOMAX "        " 

SIDNEY  MARTIN "        " 

AUSTIN  BEVERLY  CHAMBERLIN ?ii>ine  Pass 

CHARLES  SOLOMON  MORSE .Austin 

LOUIS  MONTCALM  OPENHEIMER Calvert 

NAHOR  BRIGGS  YARD .r,alveston 

RUDOLPH  GRIMMER    (8) Dallas 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  59 

VIRGINIA. 
CHARLES  ALBERT  NESBITT  .................................................  Richmond 

HENRY  FLOOD  BOCOCK  ......................................................  Lynchburg 

EDWARD  ADDISON  CRAIGHILL  ..........  .  ..................................         " 

WILLIAM  LURAY  PAGE  .....................................................          " 

FREDERICK  GREENWOOD  ........................................................  Norfolk 

DANIEL  JAMES  TURNER    (6)  .............................................  Portsmouth 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 
WILLL\M  J.  APPLEGATE  .......................................................  Wellsburg 

KEPHART  DELWAR  WALKER  ...............................................  Fainnount 

JOHN  WILLIAM  MORRIS  ........................................................  Wheeling 

THOMAS  MILLIGAN  DARRAH     (41  ........................................        " 

WASHINGTON. 
THOMAS  MILBURNE  REED  ......................................................  Olympia 

ROSSELL  GALBRAITH  O'BRIEN  ...............................  .  ................       " 

JOSEPH  AUGUSTUS  KUHN  ...............................................  Port  Townsend 

JAMES  M.  BUCKLEY  .........................................................  New  Tacoina 

WILLIAM  PARKHURST  WTINANS  ........................................  Walla  Walla 

MARSHALL  WILLIAM  WOOD,  U.  S.  A  ..........................  Fort  Walla  Walla 

Louis  ZEIGLER     (7)  ......................................................  Spokane  Falls 

WYOMING. 
ASAHEL  COLLINS  BECKWITH  .................................................  Evanston 

FRANK  MILLS  FOOTE,  Deputy  ...............................................        " 

JESSE  KNIGHT    (3)  .............................................................        " 

Total  Honorary  Members,  205. 


©mertti 

There  are   Forty-three  Emeriti  Honorary  Members  who  belong  lo- 
th e  Northern  and  to  the  Foreign  Supreme  Councils  of  the  World. 

Court  of  Honor* 


STEPHEN  HENRY  BEASELY  ...................................................  Alabama 

ISAAC  SuTVENE  TlTUS  ...........................................  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

GEORGE  JOHN  HOBK  .............................................  " 

ELISHA  INGRAHAM  BAILEY,  U.  S.  Army  ..................  " 

JOSEPH  THOMAS  BROWN  ..........................................  Washington,  D.  (X 

CLEMKNT  WELLS  BENNETT  ...................................... 

LUTHER  HAMILTON  PIKI:  ....................................... 

WILLIAM  REYNOLDS  SINGLETON  ............................ 

KING  DAVID  KALAKAUA  .............................................  Honolulu,  H.  I. 

GOVERNOR  JOHN  OWEN  DOMINI;  ................................. 

JOHN  WILLIAM  COOK  ................................................  Louisville,  Ken. 

JOHN  FRAZIER  HEAD,  U.  S.  Army  .............................. 

WILLLVM  REINECKK  .................................................. 


60  BRIEF  HISTORY   OF  THE 

EDWIN  GILBERT  HALL  ...............................................  Louisville,  Ken. 

WILLIAM  RYAN  .........................................................        "  " 

THOMAS  CRIPPS  ........................................................  New  Orleans,  La. 

THOMAS  ELWOOD  GARRETT  ............................................  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

WILLIAM  NAPOLEON  LOKER  ...........................................       "          " 

ORNILLE  GILBERT  MILLER  ..........................................  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

•GEORGE  C.  BETTS  ...............................................................  Nebraska 

ROBERT  WILKINSON  FURNAS  ..............................  Brownsville,        " 

STEPHEN  FOWLER  CHADWICK  ........................................  Salem,  Oregon 

ROCKY  PRETSON  EARHART  .......................................  Portland,        " 

JOHN  SOMERS  BUIST  ..................................................  Charleston,  S.  C. 

ABRAHAM  EPHRAIM  FRANKLAND  ................................  Memphis,  Tenn 

WILLIAM  LURAY  PAGE  .........................................  Lynchburg,  Virginia 

HARVEY  ALLEN  OLNEY  .....................  ...................         "  " 

EDWARD  ADDISON  CRAIGHILL  ..............................         M  " 

FREDERICK  GREENWOOD  ..........................................  Norfolk,      " 

KEPHART  DELWAR  WALKER  ...................................  Fairmount,  W.  Va. 

JOSEPH  KNIGHT  ASHBY  ...........................................  Fort  Worth,  Texas 


Anight*  (Stetmfc  <&*0#*je#  ci  the 

JOSHUA  OTIS  STANTON  32°  .......................................  Washington,  D.  C. 

JOHN  Fox  DAMON,  32°  ..............................  Seattle,  State  of  Washington 

ginigljt*  ©ontmrmfcer*  jof  the  (&onvt  oi  £jj0nor. 

(Masters  of  the  Royal  Secret  32ds  not  33ds.) 

ALABAMA. 
WALTER  LAWRENCE  BRAGG  .............................................  Montgomery 

DAVID  CLOPTON  .....................  ........................................ 

JAMES  T.  PIERCE  ....................................................................  Warrior 

JOHN  WALTER  TOMLINSON  ...............................................  Birmingham 

SAMUEL  TANNER  BUTTLE  .................................................          " 

RUDOLPH  MESTIER  MULFORD  (5)  ......................................  " 

ARIZONA. 
MARTIN  W.  KALES  (i)  ............................................................  Phoenix 

CALIFORNIA. 
HARRY  HOLLES  .................................  :  ..........................  San  Francisco 

WILLIAM  SCHUYLER  MO;KS  .......................................... 

AARON  JONATHAN  MESSING  ...........................................  " 

WILLIAM  A.  ROBERTSON  ............................................... 

SAMUEL  W.  ROSENSTOCK  .............................................. 

JOHN  HENRY  TITCOMB  ................................................. 

BERNARD  FRANZ  .......................................................... 

REUBEN  HEDLEY  LLOYD  ............................................... 

CHARLES  HENRY  WELLS  .............................................. 

HENRY  WOLFSOHN  ....................................................... 

STEPHEN  WING  ............................................................ 

SAMUEL  WTOLF  LEVY  ............................................... 


A.   &  A.   S.  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  61 

CHARLES  FRANKLIN  BURNF-\M Oakland 

GEORGE  PATTERSON « 

CHARLES  DEXTER  PIERCE « 

WILLIAM  CALDWELL  BELCHER Marysville 

THOMAS  HUGH  KERNAN 

HENRY  SAYRE  ORME I,  ;s  Angeles 

ISADORE  E.  COHN « 

JAMES  ROBERT  DUPUY  (33°  elect) " 

CHARLES  WESLEY  LONG Kureka 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

GEORGE  MILTON  BARKER \Vashington  City 

GEORGE  W.  BALLOCH 

GEORGE  EDGAR  CORSON « 

HENRY  LOUD  CRAWFORD " 

CHARLES  COLTON  DUNCANSON " 

ALEXANDER  H.  HOLT " 

JAMES  LANSBURGH 

ALONZO  JOEL  MARSH " 

GEORGE  ENOCH  NOYES " 

ISAAC  PITTMAN  NOYES " 

LEROY  MORTIMER  TAYLOR  (n) " 

FLORIDA. 
ROBERT  JUDSON  PERRY  (i) Key  Wes 

GEORGIA. 

CHARLES  H.  GOODRICH Augusta 

CHARLES  W.  HARRIS " 

SAMUEL  LAWRENCE Atlanta 

CHARLES  LEONARD  WILSON " 

HENRY  CLAY  STOCKDELL  (5) " 

IDAHO. 

NEWELL  JONATHAN  BROWN Ilawley 

HENRY  BEWS  (2) " 

IOWA. 

THERON  ROMEYN  BEERS Lyons 

WILLIAM  WILBURN  SANBORN " 

CHARLES  W.  WARNER " 

GEORGE  M.  CURTIS Clinton 

JAMES  SCOTT  JENKINS " 

ERASTUS  A.  WADLEIGH " 

NEWTON  R.  PARVIN Cedar  Rapids 

UPTON  C.  BLAKE 

CALVIN  GRAVES  GREEN 

CYRUS  WALDCRAVE  EATON 

EDWARD  C.  AINSWOTH...  Des  Moines 


62  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

JAPAN. 

STUART  ELDRIDGE Yokohama 

ANDREW  PATTERSON 

CONSTANT  WILLIAM  DIMOCK Kobi 

ROBERT  HUGHES " 

KANSAS. 

DAVID  PASSON  Lawrence 

JUSTUS  ASSMAN " 

JAMES  F.  BAYLES " 

EDWARD  VAN  BUREN " 

ALBIN  WEST  R " 

REUBEN  H.  HERSHFIEI;D " 

JOSEPH  WILKINS  PARK " 

JOHN  WESTLAKE " 

LUKE  MICHAEL  HAVENS Fort  Scott 

ARTHUR  CHARLES  PERRY "        " 

WALTER  WHITE  PHILL"  s Topeka 

THEOPHILUS  PATTERSON  ROGERS " 

JOHN  WHERRELL Faola 

HARPER  SAMUEL  CUNNINGHAM Salina 

EDWARD  C.  CULP    (15) " 

KENTUCKY. 

HENRY  CADWALADER  ADAMS,  stat'oned  at Philadelphia,  Pa 

JAMES  ANDREWS  BURRELL Louisville 

HENRY  L.  BURKHARDT " 

RICHARD  B.  CALDWELL " 

JOHN  V.  COWLING " 

JOHN  WINFIELD  HAMMOND " 

HENRY  HUDSON " 

HORACE  JANUARY " 

WILLIAM  HENRY  MEFFERT " 

THEOPHILUS  STERN " 

HENRY  GOLDMAN  STEIBEL " 

DAVID  HUNTER  WILSON " 

GEORGE  T.  EVANS " 

HENRY  B.  GRANT " 

WTILLIAM  R.  JOHNSON 

GEORGE  KOPMEIER " 

HENRY  BOSTWICK Covington 

ROBERT  T.  MILLER 

JAMES  W.  STATON Brooksville 

JOHN  WILLIAM  PRUELL Frankfort 

THOMAS  ELWOOD  LEVIZEY     (21) Newport 

LOUISIANA. 

RUDOLPH  H.  BENNERS New  Orleans 

WILLIAM  TORBETT  BENEDICT "         " 

BIANCO  CAMPEGLIO .    "          " 


A.&  A.   S.   RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  63 

HENRY  WALTER  COULTER New  Orleans 

WILLIAM  R.  DOUGLAS " 

JOSEPH  HENRY  DE  GRANGE " 

GEORGE  B.  ITTMAN "         << 

CARLOS  MADUEL " 

JOHN  O.  McLEAN " 

GEORGE  MINIERI •' 

CHARLES  WESLEY  NEWTON " 

JEAN  BAPTISTE  SORAPURN " 

JOHN  ALEXANDER  STEVENSON " 

FRANCISCO  PAULA  DE  VILLESANA " 

JOSEPH  VOEGTLE " 

EDWARD  A.  YORK " 

JOHN  WILLIAM  HADDEN " 

RICHARD  LAMBERT " 

CHARLES  F.  BUCK "         " 

PAULM.  SCHNEIDER "         " 

DAVID  ARENT Faruiersville 

ABEL  J.  NORWOOD (22) Clinton 

MARYLAND. 

WILLIAM  FRANCIS  COCK  RAN BaHimore 

HERMAN  L.  EMMONS " 

JACOB  EMERY  KEREBS " 

MAURICE  L/ANPHEIMER " 

HENRY  CLAY  L,ARRABEE    (5) " 

MINNESOTA. 

ROBERT  S.  ALDEN St.  Paul 

GEORGE  HUNSAKER " 

DELOS  A.  MONFORT " 

NEWTON  IRVINE  WILLEY " 

WILLIAM  HENRY  STERLING  WRIGHT "• 

GEORGE  REUBEN  METCALP 

WILLIAM  MINER  BUSHNELL " 

WILLIAM  PARKER  JEWETT 

EDWARD  HENRY  MILHAM St.  Paul 

JOHN  WALWORTHHENION... Minneapolis 

ALBERT  ENOS  HIGBEE 

JOHN  ALBERT  SCHLENER 

DAVID  MARCUS  GOODWIN .' 

HENRY  ROCKWOOD  DENNY Carver 

SILAS  BUCK  FOOTE Red  Wing 

SWANTE  JOHN  WlLLARD  

REV.  GEORGE  B.  WHIPPLE Faribault 

THOMAS  MONTGOMERY St.  Peter 

CLARK  HORTON  PORTER Winona 

DOUGLAS  RUDD  SUTHERLAND Moms 

ROYAL  HATCH  GOVE  (21) Rocbester 


64  BRIEF  Hr STORY  OF  THE 

MISSOURI. 

JOHN  HENRY  DEEMS St.  Louis 

WILLIAM  DOUGLAS " 

JOHNR.  PARSONS " 

HIRAM  HENRY  STEIBEL " 

WILLIAM  PARSONS  MOORE  (5) « 

MONTANA. 

HENRY  H.  GURTHRIE Helena 

JAMES  H.  MOE " 

ANTHONY  HUNDLEY  BARRETT Bu'te 

JOSEPH  ANTHONY  HYDE • 

ROBERT  C.  KNOX " 

WILLIAM  THOMPSON  (6) " 

NEBRASKA. 

GUSTAV  ANDERSON Omaha 

FRED  JAMES  BUTHWICK " 

CARL  AUGUSTUS  FRIED " 

CHARLES  SMITH  HUNTINGTON '. " 

FREDERICK  BROWN  LOWE " 

GEORGE  MURRAY  NATTINGER " 

JOHN  GILBERT  TAYLOR " 

CHARLES  RICE  TURNEY " 

CHARLES  MAY  CARTER Lincoln 

CHARLES  H.  WILLARD 

EDWIN  CATLIN  WEBSTER  (:i) Hastings 

NEVADA. 

HENRY  W.  BoLLEN Carson  City 

FRED  DAN  STADTMULLER " 

GEORGE  BUSH  HILL " 

GEORGE  TUXFLY " 

ALEXANDER  FRASER Eureka 

DAVID  HENRY  HALL " 

JOHN  EDWARD  JONES " 

HIRAM  JOHNSON " 

REINHOLD  SADLER " 

PEPlSTELER.... " 

THOMAS  WREN " 

GIOVANNI  TORRE  (la) : " 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

MICHAEL  BOWERS Raleigh 

FABIUS  HAYWARD  BUSBEE " 

HENRY  THEODORE  BOHNSON  (3) Salem 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

WILLIAM  ADDISON  BENTLY Bismark 

ANDREW  HORACE  BURKE Fargo 

ERNEST  J.  SCHWELLENBACK Jonestown 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASOXRY.  65 

WILLIAM  BLATT Yankton 

LEVI  BUTLER  FRENCH « 

GEORGE  A.  ARCHER « 

ALBERT  BREWER  GUPTIL ....Fargo 

SAMUEL  THOMAS  CORMICK « 

JOSEPH  SELDEN  HUNTINGTON « 

JAMES  TWAMLEY «• 

OSCAR  S.  GIFFORD  (n) Sioux  Falls 

NEW  MEXICO. 

WILLIAM  WASHINGTON  GRIFFIN '. Santa  Fe 

OREGON. 

JAMES  R.  BAYLEY Newport 

HENRY  C.  MORRICE Portland 

SETH  L.  POPE « 

ANDREW  ROBERTS « 

BENJAMIN  GARDNER  WHITEHOUSE  (41 " 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

ISAAC  WAYNE  ANGEL Charleston 

ERRINGTON  BROWN  HUME " 

ALEXANDER  WASHINGTON  MARSHALL " 

W.  JAMES  WHALEY  (4) «« 

TENNESSEE. 

HENRY  MARTIN  AIKEN Knoxville 

ROGER  EASTMAN.. Nashville 

WILLIAM  AUSTIN  SMITH  (3) Columbia 

TEXAS. 

WILLIAM  MORGAN  ANDREWS Galveston 

BENJAMIN  FOLGER  DISBROW " 

BENJAMIN  LECOMPTE " 

WILLIAM  SCRIMGEOUR " 

BENJAMIN  OVERFIELD  HAMILTON " 

FRANK  DURANG  HARRAR " 

SVMON  CONRADI " 

HENRY  LINCOLN  CARLTON Austin 

JOHN  MCDONALD " 

GEORGE  MELLERSH " 

TOM  MURRAH " 

JOHN  C.  McCoY Dallas 

CHARLES  ALBERT  HOTCHKISS " 

ROBERT  BREWSTER Houston 

STEPHEN  DECATUR  MOORE " 

PIERRE  LEON  QUERONZE " 

HENRY  SHERFFINS " 

JAMES  SHEPHERD  SULLIVAN Richmon 

CHARLES  BENJAMIN  PATRICK El  Paso 

HENRY  ADDINGTON  GILPIK Collins 

SYMON  ROSENFIELD     (21) Fort  Worth 


66  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

VIRGINIA. 

JAMES  GASKINS  BAIN ; Portsmouth 

STEPHEN  McGEE  FISHER Richmond 

DAVID  HUSTED Lynchburg 

THOMAS  E.  MOORMAN " 

DINWIDDIE  B.  PHILLIPS " 

JOHN  R.  SPILLMAN " 

JOHN  J.  TERRILL " 

SAMUEL  TYLER " 

ABRAHAM  MYERS    (9) Norfolk 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

JACOB  BERGER Wheeling 

JEREMIAH  A.  MILLER    (2) " 

WASHINGTON. 

ALEXANDER  FAY  ANDERSON Seattle 

WILLIAM  HENRY  GILLIAM " 

GRANVILLE  OWENHALLER " 

EDWARD  STURGIS  INGRAHAM " 

CHARLES  ALBERT  WRIGHT " 

JOHN  JACOB  GILBERT Olympia 

JOHN  FRANKLIN  GOWEY " 

WILLIAM  MCMICKEN " 

NATHAN  SMITH  PORTER " 

JOHN  WHITE  EDWARDS Port  Blakely 

FRANCIS  TARBELL Tacoma 

WALTER  JAMES  THOMPSON " 

CYRUS  WALKER,  Port  Gamble " 

LEVI  ANKENEY Walla  Walla 

RALPH  GUICHARD '. "          " 

JAMES  HEWITT  SMITH    (16) "         " 


REGISTER  OF  SUBORDINATE  BODIES 

OF  THE 

Supreme  Gouneil  of  the  ^hirty-^hird  Degree 


OF  THE 


Jlnmnf  anb  JRccepfEb  ;§nrfftsr;  Bite  of 
for  ffje  ^ouffjErtt  3urisbirfton  of 
Hnifeb  3fafca,  1890. 


®on»t»tot?te*,  31°  anb  32°; 

1  CALIFORNIA San  Francisco,  Cal. 

2  EMPIRE  OF  JAPAN Yokohama,  Japan 

3  KENTUCKY Louisville,  Kentucky. 

4  LOUISIANA New  Orleans,  La 

NOTE. — These  Grand  Consistories  are  the  local  Grand  Bodies  for  the  government 

of  the  Councils  of  Kadosh,  Chapters  of  Rose  Croix  and  Lodges  of  Perfection  for  their 
local  jurisdictions  and  also  confer  the  3ist  and  32d  Degrees. 

«<m»i*t0ri00,  81°-32°. 

1  ALBERT  PIKE,  No.  i Washington  City,  D.  C 

2  DAKOTA,  No.  i Fargo,  North  Dakota 

3  AUGUSTA,  No.  i Augusta,  Georgia 

4  DE  MOLAY,  No.  i Lyons,  Iowa 

5  IOWA,  No.  2 Cedar  Rapids,     " 

6  LEAVENWORTH,  No.  i Leavenworth,  Kansas 

7  WICHITA,  No.  2 Wichita,        " 

8  CHESAPEAKE,  No.  i Baltimore,  Maryland 

9  OCCIDENTAL,  No.  i Omaha,  Nebraska 

10  MISSOURI,  No.  i St.  Louis,  Missouri 

11  MINNESOTA,  No.  i St.  Paul,  Minnesota 

12  MINNEAPOLIS,  No.  2 Minneapolis, 

13  LAWSON,  No.   i Seattle,  State  of  Wash. 

14  FORT  WORTH,  No.  i Forth  Worth,  Texas 

15  BIRMINGHAM,  No.  i Birmingham,  Alabama 

16  OCCIDENTAL Los  Angeles,  California 

17  COLORADO,  No.  i Denver,  Colorado 

18  ZAREPTHAH Davenport,  Iowa 


68  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 


of  gia&<*#h,  19°-3O°, 


,  No.  6  ............................................  New  Orleans,  Louisiana 

2  Los  AMIGOS  DEL  ORDEN,  No.  7  ..................    "  "  " 

3  FOYER  MACONNIO.UE,  No.  8  ......................    "  "  " 

4  KILWINNING,  No.  i  .......................................  Louisville,  Kentucky 

5  GODFREY   DE  ST.  OMAR,  No.  i  .........................  San  Francisco,  Cal 

6  DE  MOLAY,  No.  2  ................  .....................................  Oakland,     " 

7  HUGO  DES  PAYENS,  No.  3  ...................................  Los  Angeles,      " 

8  MULTNOMAH,  No.  i  .............................................  Portland,  Oregon 

9  WASHINGTON,  No.  i  ...................................  Seattle,  State  of  Wash. 

10  DE  MOLAI,  No.  2  .................  .....................  Olympia,     "      "          " 

11  ROBERT  DE  BRUCE,  No.  I  ...........................  Washington  City,  D.  C. 

12  ALEXANDER  LIHOLIHO,  No.  i  ......................  ,  .........  Honolulu,  H.  I. 

13  HUGH  DES  PAYENS,  No.  i  ...........................................  Lyons,  Iowa 

14  ST.  ANDREWS,  No.  2  ........................................  Cedar  Rapids,     " 

15  CCEUR  DE  LION  -  ..........................................  Davenport,     " 

16  DES  PAYENS  ......................................................  Yokohama,  Japan 

17  DE  MOLAI  -  ...........................................  Leavenworth,  Kansas 

18  WILLIAM  DE  LA  MORE,  No.  i  ............................  Lawrence,        " 

19  GODFREY  DE  ST.  OMAR  -  ..............................  Topeka,        " 

20  ROBERT  DE  BRUCE,  No.  4  .................................  Fort  Scott,       " 

21  MARYLAND,  No.  i  .........................................  Baltimore,  Maryland 

22  DE  MOLAI,  No.  i  .....  ........................................  St.  Paul,  Minnesota 

23  ALFRED  ELISHA  AMES,  No.  2  .....................  Minneapolis,          " 

24  MISSOURI,  No.  i  ................................................  St.  Louis,  Missouri 

25  ST.  ANDREWS,  No.  i  ............................................  Omaha,  Nebraska 

26  ORIENT,  No.  i  .........................................................  Austin,  Texas 

27  OLEANDER,  No.  2  ...............................................  Galveston,        " 

28  SIDNEY  MARTIN,  No.  3  ....................................  Fort  Worth,        " 

29  DENVER,  No.  i  ...................................................  Denver,  Colorado 

30  FARGO,  No.  i  ................................................  Fargo,  North  Dakota 

31  ROBERT  DE  BRUCE,  No.  2  ...........................  Yankton,  North  Dakota 

32  CCEUR  DE  LEON,  No.  3  ........................  ..Sioux  Falls,        "  " 

33  WICHITA  .............................................................  Wichita,  Kansas 

34  SALINA  ..................................................................  Salina,       " 

35  GILBERT  DE  LACY,  No.  i  .............................  Birmingham,  Alabama 

of  Ho#*  <&vaix>  15°~18°. 


1  BuiST,  No.  i  ........................................  Charleston,  South  Carolina 

2  PELICAN,  No.  n  .........................................  New  Orleans,  Louisana 

3  CERVANTES,  No.  5  ......................................  "            " 

4  FOYER  MACONNIQUE,  No.6  ..........................  "              " 

5  PELICAN,  No.  i  .............................................  Louisville,  Kentucky 

6  COVINGTON,  No.  2  .........................................  Covington,  Kentucky 

7  YERBA  BUENA,  No.  4  ...............................  San  Francisco,  California 

8  GETHSEMANE,  No.  5  ..........................................  Oakland,        " 

9  ROBERT  BRUCE,  No.  6  ..................................  Los  Angeles,         '' 


A.  &  A.   S.  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  69 

10  DAI  NIPPON,  No.  i Yokohama,  Japan 

11  EVANGELIST,  No.  i.. Washington  City,  D.  C. 

12  MACKEY,  No.  i Denver,  Colorado 

13  MACKEY,  No.  I Yankton,  Dakota 

14  PELICAN,  No.  2 Fargo,  North  Dakota 

15  TEMPLE,  No.  i Savannah,  Georgia 

16  NUUANU,  No.  i Honolulu,  Hawaiian  Islands 

17  DELPHIC,  No.  i Lyons,  Iowa 

18  BRUCE,  No.  2 Cedar  Rapids,     " 

19  LEBANON,  No.  3 Davenport,     " 

20  DAI  NIPPON,  No.  i Yokohama,  Japan 

21  UNITY,  No.  i Topeka,  Kansas 

22  EQUALITY,  No.  2 Lawrence         " 

23  DELTA,  No.  3 '....Leavenworth        " 

24  MACKEY,  No.  4 Fort  Scott        " 

25  MEREDITH,  No.i ; Baltimore,  Maryland 

26  ST.  PAUL,  No.  i St.  Paul,  Minnesota 

27  ST.  VINCENT  DE  PAUL,  No.  2 Minneapolis,          " 

28  ST.  Louis,  No.  i St.  Louis,  Missouri 

29  HELENA,  No.  I Helena,  Montana 

30  SEMPER  FIDELIS,  No.  I Omaha,  Nebraska 

31  AINSWORTH,  No.  I Portland,  Oregon 

32  PHILIP  C.  TUCKER,  No.  i Austin,  Texas 

33  L.  M.  OPENHEIMER,  No.  2 Galveston,      " 

34  S.  W.  LOMAX,  No.  3 Fort  Worth,       " 

35  EL  PASO,  No.  4 El  Paso,      " 

36  ROPER,  No.  2 Norfolk,  Virginia 

37  PELICAN,  No.  3 Richmond,  Virginia 

38  CHARITY,  No.  I Wheeling,  West  Virginia 

39  A.  G.  MACKEY,  No.  I Evanston,  Wyoming 

40  WASHINGTON,  No.  i Seattle,  State  of  Washington 

41  ROBERT  BRUCE,  No.  2 Olympia, 

42  ST.  ANDREWS,  No.  3 Port  Townsend, 

43  ST.  JOHNS,  No.  4 ". Port  Gamble, 

44  COLUMBIA,  No.  5 Walla  Walla, 

45  WICHITA,  No.  5 Wichita,  Kansas 

46  SALINA,  No.  6 Salina,        " 

47  MACKEY,  No.  3 Red  Wing,  Minnesota 

48  AREOPAGUS,  No.  2 Kansas  City.  Missouri 

49  EMANUEL,  No.  2 Lincoln,  Nebraska 

50  CAPITOLIUM,  No.  i Carson  City,  Nevada 

51  TEMPLE, Savannah,  Georgia 

52  WHITE  EAGLE Atlanta,  Georgia 

53  CALVARY Memphis,  Tennessee 

54  LIVINGSTON Livingston,  Montana 

55  TACOMA Tacoma,  Washington 

56  Spokane  Falls, 

Duluth,  Minnesota 


70  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 


1  DELTA,  No.  i  ........................................  Charleston,  South  Carolina 

2  ALBERT  PIKE,  No.  i  ....................................  New  Orleans,  Louisiana 

3  FOYER  MACONNIQUE,  No.  3  ......................... 

4  CERVANTES,  No.  5  ......................................  " 

5  UNION,  No.  3  ....................................................  Louisville,  Kentucky 

6  COVINGTON,  No.  4  .........................................  Covington, 

7  PACIFIC,  No.  2  ..............................................  Marysville,  California 

8  YERBA  BUENA,  No.  6  ...............................  San  Francisco, 

9  HARTLEY,  No.  7  ..............................................  Stockton, 

10  MYRTLE,  No.  10  ................................................  Eureka, 

11  OAKLAND,  No.  12  ............................................  Oakland,          " 

12  KING  SOLOMON,  No.  14  ..............................  Los  Angeles, 

13  SAN  DiEGO,  No.  15  .......................................  San  Diego, 

14  DAI  NIPPON,  No.  i  .............................................  Yokohama,  Japan 

15  SANTA  RITA,  No.  i  ...............................................  Tucson,  Arizona 

16  ALABAMA,  No.  i  ..........................................  Montgomery,  Alabama 

17  BIRMINGHAM,  No.  2  .......................................  Birmingham,         " 

18  MITHRAS,  No.i  ...........................................  Washington  City,  D.  C. 

19  ORIENT,  No.  2  ...................................................  Georgetown,     " 

20  ALPHA,  No.  i  ......................................................  Yankton,  Dakota 

21  ENOCH,  No.  3  ................................................  Fargo,  North  Dakota 

22  KHURUM.  No.  3  ...............................................  Sioux  Falls,  Dakota 

23  WEBSTER,  No.  4  .................................................  Webster,        " 

24  CYRUS,  No.  5  ....................................  ...............  Watertown,        " 

25  ST.  JOHNS,  No.  i  .............................................  Jacksonville,  Florida 

26  DEWITT  C.  DAWKINS,  No.  2  ...............................  Key  West,         " 

27  ENOCH  No.  I  ........................................................  Augusta,  Georgia 

28  EMETH,  No.  2  ............................................................  Albany,       " 

29  ZERBAL,  No.  3  .........................................................  Macon,       " 

30  HERMES,  No.  4  .......................  .  ...........................  Atlanta,       " 

31  EPSILON,  No.  5  .................................................  Savannah,       " 

32  KAMEHAMEHA,  No.  i  ...........................  Honolulu,  Hawaiian  Islands 

33  IOWA,  No.  i..  ............................................................  Lyons,  Iowa 

34  KILWINNING,  No.  2  .........................................  Cedar  Rapids,       " 

35  COVENANT,  No.  i  ..................................................  Lewiston,  Idaho 

36  ELEUSIS,  No.  i  .............................................  Leavenworth,  Kansas 

37  ORIENTAL,  No.  3  ..................................................  Topeka,        " 

38  VALLEY,  No.  4  ...............................................  Clay  Center,        " 

39  ZERBAL,  No.  5  ...................................................  Lawrence,        " 

40  JOABERT,  No.  6  ................................................  Fort  Scott,        " 

41  KHURUM,  No.  7  ..................................................  Emporia,        " 

42  MACKEY,  No.  8  ......................................................  Salina^        " 

43  ELMO,  No.  9  .........................................................  Wichita,        " 

44  ALBERT  PIKE,  No.  i  ......................................  Baltimore,  Maryland 

45  CARMEL,  No.  I  ................................................  St.  Paul,  Minnesota 

46  EXCELSIOR,  No.  2  ......................................  Minneapolis,          " 


A.  &  A.  S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  71 

47  HARMONY,  No.  3 Red  Wing,   Minnesota 

48  OSIRIS,  No.  4 Mankato, 

49  DELTA,  No.  5 .....St.  Peter,          " 

50  QUITMAN,  No.  I Vicksburg,  Mississippi 

51  ST.  Louis,  No.  i St.  Louis,  Missouri 

52  ALPHA,  No.  2 Hannibal,        " 

53  ADONIRAM,  No.  3 Kansas  City,         " 

54  ALPHA,  No.  i Helena,  Montana 

55  BETA  No.  2 Butte,        " 

56  DOUGLAS,  No.  3 Granite,         " 

57  KHURUM,  No.  4 ..Livingston,        " 

58  KILWINNESTG,  No.  I Grand  Island,  Nebraska 

59  MOUNT  MORIAH,  No.  2 Omaha,          " 

60  FIDUCIA,  No.  3 Hastings,          " 

61  DELTA,  No. 4 Lincoln, 

62  NEVADA,  No.  3 Carson  City,  Nevada 

63  SANTA  FE,  No.  i Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico 

64  OREGON,  No.  I  Portland,  Oregon 

65  ALBERT  PIKE,  No.  2 Salem,        " 

66  JOHN  CHESTER,  No.  i ..Jackson,  Tennessee 

67  EMETH,  No.  2 Columbia,        " 

68  EMULATION,  No.  3 _ Nashville,         " 

69  SENAL.  No.  4 ! — Murfreesboro,         " 

70  MIZPAH,  No.  5 Memphis,         " 

71  SAN  FILIPE,  No.i Galveston,  Texas 

72  PALESTINE,  No.  2 Palestine,     " 

73  FORT  WORTH,  No. 3 Fort  Worth,     " 

74  FIDELITY,  No.  4 Austin,     " 

75  EL  PASO,  No.  5 El  Paso,    " 

76  SAN  JACINTO,  No.  6 Houston     " 

77  ALBERT  PIKE,  No.  i Lynchburg,   Virginia 

78  McDANiEL,  No.  3 Norfolk,         " 

79  A.  G.  MACKEY,  No.  4 Deep  Creek, 

80  JOHN  L.  ROPER,  No.  5 Richmond, 

81  PORTSMOUTH,  No.6 Portsmouth, 

82  MCDANIEL,  No.  i Wheeling,  West  Virginia 

83  WASHINGTON,  No.  i Seattle,  State  of  Washington 

84  OLYMPIA,  No.  2 Olympia, 

85  LA  FAYETTE,  No.  3 Port  Townsend, 

85  LEBANON,  No.  4 Port  Gamble, 

87  COLUMBL\,  No.  5 Walla  Walla, 

88  BAINBRIDGE,  No.  6 Port  Blakely, 

89  DAYTON,  No.  7 Dayton, 

90  MACKEY,  No.  8 Spokane  Falls, 

91  TACOMA,  No.  9 Tacoma, 

92  JORDAN,  No.  i Rawlins,  \VyomingTy. 

93  ALBERT  PIKE,  No.  2 Evanston, 


72  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

94  EMETH,  No.  5 Fremont,  Nebraska 

95  FIDELITY,  No.  6 Niobrara,         " 

96  MARYSVH,I,E,  No.  10 Marysville,  Kansas 

97  NORTH  STAR Duluth,  Minnesota 

98  DAMASCUS Kearney,  Nebraska 

99  HIRAM  MIDDLEBURG Columbus,  Georgia 

100  MITHRAS Chattanooga,  Tennessee 

101  ARMY Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas 


TABLEAU 

OF   THE 

Supreme  (£oimcil  of  Sovereign  (g  rand  inspectors.®  eneral 

OF  THE  THIRTY-THIRD  AND  LAST  DEGREE, 

FOR  THE 

Borffjern  Masonic  3Turisbtrfion  of  flj£  lUnifeb 
of  -Jlmmta. 

GRAND    EAST,   BOSTOfl,  O1ASSACHUSETTS. 

188O-189O. 


1  HENRY  L.  PALMER,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

2  CHARLES  LEVI  WOODBURY,  Boston,  Mass.,  P.  Grand  Lieut.       " 

3  SAMUEL  CROCKER  LAWRENCE,  Boston,  Mass.,  Grand  Min.  of  State 

4  MARQUIS  F.  KING,  Portland,  Me.,  Deputy   for    Maine 

5  FRANK  A.  McKEAN,  Nashua,  N.  H.,  "  New  Hampshire 

6  GEORGE  O.  TYLER,  Burlington,  Vt.,  "  Vermont 

7  BENJAMIN  DEAN,  Boston.  Mass.,  "      Massachusetts 

8  NEWTON  D.  ARNOLD,  Providence,  R.  I.,  "       Rhode  Island 

9  CHARLES  WILLIAM  CARTER,  Norwich,  Conn.,       "         Connecticut 

10  JOHN  HODGE,  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  New  York 

11  ANDREW  B.  FRAZEE,  Camden,  N.  J.,  New  Jersey 

12  ANTHONY  E.  STOCKER,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  "      Pennsylvania- 

13  HUGH  McCuRDY,  Corunna,  Mich.,  Michigan 

14  ENOCH  TERRY  CARSON,  Cincinnati,  O.,  Ohio 

15  NICHOLAS  R.  RUCKLE,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Indiana 

16  JOHN  CORSON  SMITH,  Chicago,  111.,  Illinois 

17  ALBERT  V.  H.  CARPENTER,  Milwaukee,  Wis.,         "  Wisconsin 

18  HEMAN  ELY,  Elyria,  Ohio,  Grand  Treasurer  General 

19  CLINTON  FREEMAN  PAIGE,  Binghampton,  N.  Y., 

Grand  Secretary  General 

20  Lucius  R.  PAIGE,  Cambridgeport,  Mass.,  Grand  Keeper  of  Archives 

21  CHARLES  T.  MCCLENACHAN,  New  York  City,  N.  Y., 

Grand  Master  of  Ceremonies 


74  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

22  ROBERT  EMMETT  PATTERSON,  Grand  Marshal  General 

23  WILLIAM  R.  HIGBY,  Grand  Standard  Bearer 

24  GEORGE  OTIS  TYLER,  Grand  Captain  of  the  Guard 

25  ALBERT  P.  MORIARTY,  Hon.  33°,  New  York  City,  N.  Y., 

Assistant  Grand  Secretary  General 


26  REV.  JOSEPH  LAFAYETTE  SEWARD,  Hon.  33°,  Lowell,  Mass., 

Grand  Prior 

27  J.  H.  HOBART  WARD,  Hon.  33°,  New  York  City,  N.  Y., 

Grand  Marshal  of  the  Camp 

28  OZIAS  W.  SHIPMAN,  Hon.  33°,  Detroit,  Mich., 

Grand  Marshal  of  the  Camp 

29  GILBERT  W.  BARNARD,  Hon.  33°,  Chicago,  111., 

Grand  Marshal  of  the  Camp 

30  ANDREW  NEMBACH,  Hon.  33°,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,       Grand  Organist 


of 

1  BENJAMIN  DEAN  ................................................  Term  expires  1890 

2  JOHN  TV.  STETTINIUS  ...........................................  "  "  1891 

3  SAMUEL  C.  LAWRENCE  .......................................  "  "  1892 

4  ROBERT  M.  C.  GRAHAM  .......................................  "  "  1893 

5  CLINTON  F.  PAIGE  .............................................  "  "  1894 

6  CHARLES  L.  WOODBURY  .......................................  "  "  1895 

7  HENRY  L.  PALMER  .............................................  "  "  1896 


1  JOHN  CHRISTIE  ................................................  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

2  DANIEL  SICKLES  ...................................................  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

3  Lucius  ROBINSON  PAIGE  ..............................  Cambridgeport,  Mass. 

4  WILLIAM  PARKMAN  ................................................  Boston,  Mass. 

5  HOSMER  ALLEN  JOHNSON  ...........................................  Chicago,  111. 

6  ANTHONY  EUGENE  STOCKER  ...........................  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

7  CHAS.  T.  MCCLENACHAN  ..............................  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

8  HENRY  CHAPMAN  BANKS  ..............................  New  York  City.  N.  Y. 

9  DAVID  BURNHAM  TRACY  ..........................................  Detroit,  Mich. 

10  JOSIAH  H.  DRUMMOND  .............................................  Portland,  Me. 

11  BENJAMIN  DEAN  ......................................................  Boston,  Mass. 

12  ENOCH  T.  CARSON  ................................................  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

13  WILLIAM  RILEY  HIGBY  ......................................  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

14  CLINTON  F.  PAIGE  ..........................................  Binghampton,  N.  Y. 

15  GEORGE  W.  BENTLEY  ....................................  New  London,  Conn. 

16  HENRY  L..  PALMER  .............................................  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

17  ROBERT  HARRIS  Foss  ................................................  Chicago,  111. 

18  HEMAN  ELY  .............................................................  Elyria,  Ohio 

19  HOMER  L.  GOODWIN  ..........................................  Bethlehem,  Penn. 

20  CHARLES  W.  CARTER  ............................................  Norwich,  Conn. 

21  JOHN  CAVEN  ..................................................  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


A.   &  A.   S.    RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  75 

22  ROBERT  M.  C.  GRAHAM  ................................  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

23  SAMUEL  C.  LAWRENCE  ...........  ..................................  Boston,  Mass. 

24  WAITER  A.  STEVENS  ..................................................  Chicago,  111. 

25  GEORGE  O.  TYLER  .................................................  Burlington,  Vt. 

26  CHARLES  BROWN  .................................................  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

27  BRENTON  D.  BABCOCK  ..........................................  Cleveland,     " 

28  JOHN  L.  STETTINIUS  .............................................        "  " 

29  CHARLES  E.  MYER  ..........................................  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

30  ROBERT  E  .  PATTERSON  ....................................  "  " 

31  ALBERT  V.  H.  CARPENTER  ...................................  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

32  NEWTON  D.  ARNOLD  ..........................................  Providence,  R.  I. 

33  AUGUSTUS  R.  HALL  .........................................  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

34  FRANK  A.  MCKEAN  ................................................  Nashua,  N.  H. 

35  EDWARD  P.  BURNHAM  ...................................................  Saco,  Me. 

36  JOHN  CORSON  SMITH  ..................................................  Chicago,  111. 

37  ANDREW  B.  FRAZEE  ................................................  Camden,  N.  J. 

38  HUGH  McCuRDY  ...........  .  ......................................  Corrunna,  Mich. 

39  NICHOLAS  R.  RECKLE  .........................................  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

40  CHARLES  M.  COTTRILL  .........................................  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

41  FRANKLIN  H.  BASCOM  ..........................................  Montpelier,  Vt. 

42  MARQUIS  F.  KING  ....................................................  Portland,  Me. 

43  PHINEAS  G.  C.  HUNT  .........................................  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

44  GEORGE  M.  CARPENTER  ......................................  Providence,  R.  I. 

45  JOHN  HODGE  ........................................................  Lockport,  N.  Y. 

46  GEORGE  w.  CURRIER  ..............................................  Nashua,  N.  H. 

l&meviti  %ffi.e*nbev». 

1  ATHANASIUS  COLO  VELONI  ....................................  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

2  FRANCIS  A.  BLADES  ................................................  Detroit,  Mich. 


,  33°, 

MAINE. 

i  Joseph  A.  Locke,  Portland,  2  Almon  C.  Waite,  Portland, 

3  Rufus  H.  Hinkley,     "  4  Silas  Alden,  Bangor,     • 

5  Arlington  B.  Marston,  Bangor,       6  Charles  W.  Belknap,  Portland, 
7  Stephen  Berry,  Portland,  8  John  S.  Russell,  Portland, 

9  Albro  E.  Chase,         "  10  George  R.  Shaw,       " 

ii  Samuel  F.  Bearce,     "  12  Edmund  B.  Mallett  Jr,  Freeport, 

13  Augustus  B.  Farnham,  Bangor,    14  Albert  M.  Penley,  Auburn, 
15  William  J.  Burnham,  Lewiston. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

i  Thomas  E.  Hatch,  Keene,  2  Henry  B.  Atherton,  Nashua, 

3  Joseph  W.  Fellows,  Manchester,    4  John  J.  Bell,  Exeter, 
5  George  B.  Cleaves,  Concord,  6  Andrew  Bunton,  Manchester, 

7  John  F.  Webster,  "  8  Joseph  Shattuck,  Nashua, 

9  Charles  H.  Webster,  Nashua,         lo  Charles  C.  Danforth,  Concord, 


76  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

VERMONT. 

I  Levi  Underwood,  Burlington,          2  Milton  K.  Paine,  Windsor, 
3  Fred' kF.  Fletcher,  St.  Johnsbury,  4  William  Brinsmaid,  Burlington, 
5  Marsh  O.  Perkins,  Windsor,  6  Charles  H.  Heaton,  Montpelier, 

7  Myron  W.  Johnson,  Burlington,     8  Howard  H.  Hill,  " 

9  Fred'k  L.  Fisher,  St.  Johnsbury,  10  Albro  F.  Nichols,  St.  Johnsbury, 
ii  Warren  G.  Reynolds,  Burlington,  12  George  H.  Kinsley,  Burlington, 
13  J.  Henry  Jackson,  Bane,  14  Silas  W.  Cummings,  St.  Alb  ans. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

I  Nicholas  Hathaway,  Fall  River,     2  Wm.  F.  Knowles,  W.  Somerville, 
3  Daniel  W.  Lawrence,  Medford,      4  Wyzeman  Marshall,  Boston, 
5  Albert  H.  Kelsey,  N.  Cambridge,    6  James  S.  Freeland,          " 
7  John  K.  Hall,  Boston,  8  Charles  C.  Dume,  Newburyport, 

9  Edward  A.  White,  Boston,  lo  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  Lowell, 

ii  William  A.  Smith,        "  12  William  F.  Salmon,        " 

13  E.  Dana  Bancroft,  Ayer,  14  Wm.  A.  Richardson,  Cambridge, 

15  Edward  Stearns,  Boston,  16  Thomas  R.  Lambert,  Charlestown, 

17  Samuel  H.Gregory,  Boston,  18  James  A.  Fox,  Boston, 

19  Percival  L.  Everett,  Boston,          20  Sereno  D.  Nickerson,  Boston, 
21  Henry  Mulliken,  22  George  O.  Carpenter,         " 

23  William  D.  Stratton,      "  24  Benjamin  A.  Gould,  Cambridge, 

25  Henry  Endicott,  Cambridgeport,  26  William  H.  Cheesman,  Boston, 
27  William  H.  Guild,  Boston,  28  Charles  C.  Hutchinson,  Lowell, 

29  Henry  P.  Perkins,  Lowell,  30  Charles  A.  Welch,  Boston, 

31  Otis  E.  Weld,  Boston,  32  John  L.  Stevenson,     " 

33  William  R.  Alger,  Boston,  34  Frederick  G.  Walbridge,  Boston, 

35  Edwin  Wright,  36  Thomas  Waterman,  " 

37  Albert  C.  Smith,          "  38  C.  H.  Spellman,  Springfield, 

39  Samuel  B.  Spooner,  Springfield,  40  Wm.  J.  Stevens,  Kingston,  N.  H. 
41  George  S.  Carpenter,  Boston,       42  Erastus  H.  Doolittle,  Boston, 
43  E.  Bentley  Young,  44  Josiah  C.  Seward,  Lowell, 

45  Leonard  M.  Averill,  46  John  H.  Lakin,  Boston, 

47  G.  B.  Buckingham,  Worcester,  48  Benjamin  W.  Rowell,  Boston, 
49  Minot  J.  Savage,  Boston,  50  Joseph  W.  Work,  " 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

i  William  B.  Blanding,  Providence,  2  Albert  H.  Chaffee,  Worcester, Mass 
3  James  B.  Bray  ton,  Newport,  4  Eugene  D.  Burt,  Providence, 

5  Nicholas  Van  Sluyck,  Providence  6  Stillman  White,  Providence. 
7  Joseph  O.  Earle,  Providence,         8  William  J.  Underwood,  Newport, 
9  George  H.  Kenyon,  Providence. 

CONNECTICUT. 

i  Marcus  C.  Allen,  Bridgeport,         2  Joseph  K.  Wheeler,  Hartford, 
3  Henry  L.  Parker,  Norwich,  4  James  L.  Gould,  Bridgeport, 

5  Nathan  A.  Baldwin,  Milford,          6  Charles  E.  Billings,  Hartford, 
7  Charles  W.  Skiff,  Danbury,  8  Frederick  H.  Waldron,  New  Haven 

9  William  C.  Seeley,  Bridgeport,    10   Samuel  M.  Bronson,  Hartford, 
,li   Arthur  H.  Brewer,  Norwich,         12  Horatio  G.  Bronson,  New  Haven, 
13    Elias  S.  Quintant,  Bridgeport. 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  77 

NEW  YORK. 

I  Henry  S.  Sloan,  Biughampton,     2  Alfred  Woodham,  Brooklyn, 
3  Albert  P.  Moriarty,  Brooklyn,        4  John  Vanderbeck,  N.  Y.  City, 
5  Robert  Macoy,  Brooklyn,  6  Gustavus  W.  Smith,  N.  Y.  City, 

7  William  B.  Newman,  N.  Y.  City,  8  John  A.  Foster,  N.  Y.  City, 
9  Joseph  J.  Jennings,  Brooklyn,       10  John  Moon,  Brooklyn, 
ii  Harrison  S.  Vining,  Brooklyn,     12  J.  H.  Hobart  Ward,  N.  Y.  City, 
13  Otis  Cole,  Rochester,  14  John  R.  Anderson,  LeRoy, 

15  John  F.  Collins,  N.  Y.  City,  16  Henry  J.  Shields,  Brooklyn, 

17  George  J.  Gardner,  Syracuse,  18  Seymour  H.  Stone,  Syracuse, 
19  Robert  H.  Waterman,  Albany,  20  James  W.  Husted,  Peekskill, 
21  Edwin  J.  Loomis,  Norwich,  22  John  D.  Williams,  Elmira, 

23  Edward  A.  Brown,  Syracuse,         24  George  Babcock,  Troy, 
25  Walter  M.  Fleming,  N.  Y.  City,  26  Aaron  L.  Northrop,  N.  Y.  City, 
27  Charles  Roome,  N.  Y.  City,          28  John  L.  Sage,  Rochester, 
29  Jesse  B.  Anthony,  Troy,  30  Samuel  Jones,  N.  Y.  City, 

31  Benjamin  F.  Stiles,  Skaneateles,  32  John  C.  Robinson,  Binghampton, 
33  Judson  B.  Andrews,  Buffalo,          34  John  S.  Bartlett,  Buffalo, 
35  Abel  G.  Cook,  Syracuse,  36  Augustus  M.  Koeth,  Rochester, 

37  James  Ten  Eyck,  Albany,  38  George  W.  Gilbert,  N.  Y.City, 

39  Jacob  R.  Telfair,  Staten  Island,  40  Edwin  Gates,  Brooklyn, 
41  Edward  M.L.  Ehlers,  N.  Y.City,  42  Wm.  L.  Sage,  Boston,  Mass., 
43  William  S.  Patterson,  N.  Y.  City,  44  John  N.  Macomb,  Jr.,  Branchport 
45  Augustus  W.  Peters,  N.  Y.  City,  46  Herman  H.  Russ,  Albany, 
47  Charles  W.Toney,  Staten  Island,  48  Joseph  B.  Eakins,  N.  Y.  City, 
49  William  D.  Garrison,  N.  Y.City,  50  Charles  H.  Heyser,  N.  Y.  City, 
51  Austin  C.  Wood,  Syracuse,  52  Samuel  C.  Steele,  Rochester, 

53  Charles  P.  Clark,  Syracuse,          54  John  B.  Thacher,  Albany, 
55  Hiram  B.  Berry,  Warwick,  56  George  W.  Fuller,  Corning, 

57  Willard  A.  Pearce,  N.  Y.  City,     58  Thomas  Gliddon,  Rochester, 
59  Benj.  Flagler,  Susp'n  Bridge,        60  William  A.  Brodie,  Genessee, 
61  George  Wm.  Millar,  N.  Y.  City,  62  William  J.   Lawless,  N.  Y.  City, 
63  Albert  Becker,  Jr.,  Syracuse,        64  Foster  Ely,  Bridgefield,  Conn. 
65  Wayland  Trask,  Brooklyn,  66  Charles  S.  Ward,  N.  Y.  City, 

67  John  W.  Richardson,  Brooklyn,  68  Joseph  P,  Abel,  Brooklyn, 
69  Richard  H.  Parker,  Syracuse,       70  Frank  R.  Lawrence,  N.  Y.  City, 
71  Hiram  W.  Plumb,  Syracuse,          72  James  F.  Ferguson,  Cent'l.  Valley 
73  Edmund  L.  Judson,  Albany,         74  William  E.  Fitch,  Albany, 
75  George  McGown,  Palmyra,          76  Simon  V.  McDowell,  Rochester, 
77  Edwin  A.  Thrall,  Brooklyn,          78  Sydney  F.  Walker,  Brooklyn, 
79  James  McGee,  Brooklyn,  80  George  H.  Fitzwilson,  N.  Y.  City, 

81  George  H.  Clarke,  Rochester,      82  Warren  C.  Hubbard,  Brooklyn, 
83  Edward  F.Jones,  Binghampton,  84  Byron  S.  Frisbie,  Utica, 
85  Frederic  A.  Benson,  Bingh'pton  86  Daniel  L.  MacLellan,  N.  Y.  City, 
87  John  F.  Shafer,  Menands.Alb'ny  88  Thomas  R.  Lombard,  N.  Y.  City. 


78  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

NEW  JERSEY. 

I  George  Tucker,  Hoboken,  2  G.  B.   Edwards,  Jersey  City  H'ts, 

3  Otis  H.  Tiffany,  N.  Y.   City,  4  William  W.  Goodwin,  Camden, 

5  Charles  Bechtel,  Trenton,  6  M.    Higginbotham,   Jersey    City, 

7  George  Scott,  Paterson,  8  Jerome  B.  Borden,  New  Brun&'wck 

9  George  W.  Steed,  Camden,  10  Edward  Mills,  Camden. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

i  Alex.  M.  Pollock,  Pittsburg,  2  John  Vallerchamp,  Harrisburg, 

3  Sydney  Hayden,  Athens,  4  Christian  F.  Knapp,    Bloomsburg, 

5  Isaac  D.  Lutz,  Harrisburg,  6  Townsend  S.  Hunn,  N.  Y.  City, 

7  Chas.  H.  Kingston,  Philadelphia,  8  Calvin  L.  Stowell,  Rochester,  N.Y. 
9  Thomas  R.  Davis,  Philadelphia,  10  Charles  R.  Earley,  Ridgeway, 
ii  William  H.  Egle,  Harrisburg,      12  Mark  R.  Muckle,  Philadelphia, 
13  Thomas  R.  Putton,  Philadelphia,  14  John  Sartain,  Philadelphia, 
15  Ed.  S.  Wyckoff,  Philadelphia,      16  Henry  Sartain,  Philadelphia, 
17  James  H.  Hopkins,  Pittsburg,       18  George  E.  Ridgeway,  Franklin, 
19  James  S.  Barber,  Pittsburg,  20  Benjamin  B.  Hill,  St.  Petersburg> 

21  Charles  W.  Batchelor,  Pittsbnrg,  22  DeWitt  C.  Carroll,  Pittsburg, 
23  Franklin  Garrigues,  Phila.,  24  George  P.  Balmain,  Pittsburg, 

25  Joseph  Eichbaum,  Pittsbu»g,         26  Samuel  J.  Dickey,  Philadelphia, 
27  Henry  R.  Coulomb,  Phila.,  28  William  B.  Meredith,  Kittanuing, 

29  John  M.  Clapp,  Tidioute,  30  EHphalet  O.  Lyte,  Millersville, 

31  George  W.  Guthrie,  Pittsburg,     32  J.  Frank  Knight,  Philadelphia, 
33  Charles  K.  Francis,  Phila.,  34  C.  H.  Cummings,   Mauch  Chunk, 

35  B.  E.  Lehman,  Bethlehem,  36  Edwin  G.  Martin,  Allentown, 

37  V.  N.  Shaffer,  Phoenixville,         38  Joshua  L.  Lyte,  Lancaster. 
39  Samuel  W.  Wray,  Philadelphia,  40  Matthias  H.  Henderson,  Sharon, 
41  W.  H.  Slack,  Alleghany  City,      42  James  Kerr,  Jr.,  Pittsburg, 
43  John  B.  Arnold,  Aurora,  111.,        44  Joel  S.  Eaby,  Lancaster, 
45  Samuel  B.  Kennedy,  Erie,  46  Charles  C.  Baer,  Pittsburg, 

47  Benjamin  Darlington,  Pittsburg,  48  Caleb  C.  Thompson,  Warren. 

OHIO. 

i  John  C.  Bell,  Cincinnati,  2  Wm.  M.  Cunningham,  Newark, 

3  George  Hoadley,  Cincinnati,  4  Charles  A.  Woodward,   Cleveland, 

5  Charles  C.  Keifer,  Urbana,  6  James  S.  Totten,  Lebanon, 
7  Apollos  M.  Ross,  Cincinnati,  8  Alex.  B.  Huston,  Cincinnati, 

9  Henry  C.  Urner,  Cincinnati,  10  Max.  J.  Mack,  Cincinnati, 

ii  J. Burton  Parsons,  Cleveland,  12  Wm.  P.  Wiltsee,  Cincinnati, 

13  Stith  M.  Sullivan,  Dayton,  14  Benjamin  F.  Rees,  Columbus, 

15  Sheldon  Sickles,  Cleveland,  16  Charles  E.  Bliven,  Toledo, 

17  Charles  A.  Collins,  Akron,  18  Gabriel  B.  Harman,  Dayton, 

19  W.  L.  Buechner,  Youngstown,  20  Theodore  B.  Gordon,  Columbus, 

21  Andrew  Nemback,  Cincinnati,  22  George  R.  Sage,  Cincinnati, 

23  Henry  H.  Tatem,  Cincinnati,  24  E.  S.   Whitaker,  Garretsville, 

25  Eli  Fasold,  Dayton,  26  Henry  W.  Bigelow,  Toledo, 

27  George  W.  Hart,  Toledo,  28  John  D.  Caldwell,  Cincinnati, 


A.  &  A.  S.   KITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  79 

29  David  N.  Kinsman,  Columbus,  30  Alex.  G.  Patton,  Columbus, 

31  Martin  J.  Houck,  Dayton,  32  John  W.  Chamberlin,  Tiffin, 

33  Alex.  F.  Vance,  Jr.,  Urbana,  34  Robert  V.  Hampson,  Salem, 

35  Calvin  Halladay,  Lima,  36  Joseph  KcK.  Goodspeed,  Athens, 

37  William  B.  Melish,  Cincinnati,  38  Sam  Briggs,  Cleveland, 

39  David  C.  Winegarner,  Newark,  40  William  Shepard,  Columbus, 

41  Eben  J.  Cutler,  Cleveland,  42  Edward  D.  Page,  Cleveland, 

43  Robert  Gwynn,  Cincinnati.  44  Frederick  W.  Pelton,  Cleveland, 

45  William  J.  Akers,  Cleveland.  46  David  L.  King,  Akron, 

47  Huntingtou  Brown,  Mansfield,  48  Sidney  Moore,  Delaware, 

49  Joseph  H.  Dunn,   Columbus,  50  John  T.  Harris,  Columbus, 

51  C.  W.  Chamberlain,  Dayton,  52  Edward  W.  Matthews,  Cambridge, 

53  Clarence  E.  Armstrong,  Toledo,  54  Barton  Smith,  Toledo, 

55  Joseph  A.  Stipp,  Toledo,  56  Charles  H.  Flack,  Cincinnati, 

57  William  Michie,  Cincinnati,  58  Charles  H.  Tucker,  Cleveland, 

59  Charles  E.  Stanley,  Cleveland,  60  Samuel  S.  Williams,  Newark, 

61  Otho  L.  Hayes,  Galion,  62  John  W.  Parsons,  Springfield, 

63  Allen  Jeffers,  Dayton,  64  Orestes  A.  B.  Lenter,  Columbus, 

65  James  A.  Collins,  Cincinnati,  66  Fred  A.  Morse,  Cleveland, 

67  LaFayette  Lyttle,  Toledo,  68  John  N.  Bell,  Dayton, 
69  Levi  C.  Goodale,  Cincinnati. 

INDIANA. 

I  James  W.  Hess,  Indianapolis,  2  George  H.  Fish,  N.  Y.  City, 

3  Nathaniel  F.  Bonsall,  New  Albany,  4  Joseph  W.  Smith,  Indianapolis, 
5  Henry  G.  Thayer,  Plymouth,  6  Gilbert  W.  Davis,  |          " 

7  Chas.  E.  Wright,  Indianapolis,       8  Martin  H.  Rice,  " 

9  Sydney  W.  Douglas,  Evansville,  10  Jacob  W.  Smith, 
ii  Walter  Vail,  Michigan  City,  12  John  L.  Butler,  Vincennes, 

13  William  J.  Robie,  Richmond,         14  Austin  H.  Brown,  Indianapolis-, 
15  Byion  K.  Elliott,  Indianapolis.      16  John  T.  Brush, 
17  Henry  C.  Adams,         "  18  Bruce  Carr, 

19  Thos.  S.  McKiiiley,  Crawfordsv.,  20  Samuel  B.  Sweet,  Fort  Wayne, 
21  Samuel  A.  Wilson,  Muncie.  22  William  Hacker,  Shelby  ville, 

23  Wm.  H.  Smythe,  Indianapolis,      24  Cyrill  B.  Cole,  Seymour, 
25  John  W.  Craft,  Terre  Haute,          26  Robert  Van  Valsah,  Te.rre  Haute» 
27  Joseph  L.  Smith,  Richmond,         28  James  B.  Safford,  Columbus, 
29  Roscoe  O.Hawkins,  Indianapolis,  30  Mortimer  Nye,  La  Porte, 
31  Thomas  B.  Long,  Terre  Haute,     32  Henry  A.  Moyer,  Kendallville, 
33  Jos.  A.  Manning,  Michigan  City,  34  George  W.  Pixley,  Fort  Wayne, 
35  William  Geake,  Fort  Wayne,        36  Geo.  E.  Farrington,  Terre  Haute, 
37  Jacob  D.  Leighty,  St.  Joe. 


i  William  H.  Turner,  Chicago,  2  Henry  C.  Ranney,  Chicago, 

3  Enoch  B.  Stevens,         "  4  William  H.  Gale, 

5  Benjamin  F.  Patrick,   "  6  James  H.  Field, 

7  Alden  C.  Millard,         "  8  Loyal  L.  Munn,  Freeport, 


8o  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

9  Eugene  B.  Myers,  Chicago,  10  Wiley  M.  Eagan,  Chicago, 
ii  Horatius  N.  Hurlburt,  "  12  Jacob  W.  Brewer,  Monmouth, 

13  Warner  G.  Purdy,         "  14  Fred  A.  Wheeler,  Baltimore,  Md., 

15  Henry  H.  Getty,  "  16  James  H.  McVicker,  Chicago, 

17  Henry  H.  Pond,  "  18  Gilbert  W.  Barnard,         " 

19  De  Witt  C.  Creiger,      "  20  James  A.  Hawley,  Dixon, 

21  Jacob  W.  Skinkle,        "  22  John    O'Neil,    Chicago, 

23  Jonathan  A.  Allen,       "  24  James  B.  Bradwell,     " 

25  Haswell  C.  Clark,  Kankakee,  26  John  McLaren,  " 

27  Amos  Pettibone,  Chicago,  28  Alfred  Russell,  " 

29  Edgar  P.  Tobey         "  30  James  E.  Church,       " 

31  James  Bannister,  Peoria,  32  Geo.  R.  McClellan,   " 

33  Robert  M.  Johnson,  Chicago,  34  William  E.  Poulson,  " 

35  Edward  C.  Page,  Ashley,  36  John  M.  Pearson,  Godfrey, 

37  Charles  F.  Hitchcock,  Peoria,  38  De  Laskie  Miller,  Chicago, 

39  Lloyd  D.  Richardson,  Chicago,  40  John  P.  Nowell,  Danville, 
41  Wm.  Lee  Roy  Milligan,  Ottaway,42  George  M.  Moulton,  Chicago, 

43  EHakim  R.  Bliss,  Chicago,  44  Isaac  C.  Edwards,  Peoria, 

45  George  W.  Warvelle     "  46  Charles  K.  Herrick,  Chicago, 

47  Charles  F.  Gunther,     "  48  Edward  S.  Mulliner,  Quincy, 

49  Joseph  M.  Bailey,  Freeport,  50  Michael  Stoskopf,  Freeport, 
51   Eug.  Le  Compte  Stocker,  Cent'a,  52  Joseph  Spies,  Chicago, 

53  Norman  T.  Cassette,  Chicago,  54  George  W.  Curtis,  Peoria. 

MICHIGAN. 

i  John  D.  Jennings,  Grand  Rapids,     2  William  Corbin,  Adrian, 
3  William  P.  Innes,  4  Charles  H.  Brown,  Grand  Rapids, 

5  Charles  H.  Putnam,  Hudson,  6  James  Trenton,  Detroit, 

7  Augustus  B.  Taber,  Detroit,  8  Andrew  J.  Kellogg,    " 

9  Richard  A.  Bury,  Adrian,  lo  Charles  T.  Hills,  Muskegon, 

II  Osias  W.  Shipman,  Detroit,  12  Perriu  V.  Fox,  Grand  Rapids, 

13  Benjamin  F.  Haxton,     "  14  Henry  F.  Hastings,  " 

15  Darius  D.  Thorp,  "  16  William  H.  Baxter,  Detroit, 

17  Daniel  Striker,  Hastings,  18  Frank  Henderson,  Kalamazoo, 

19  Charles  M.  Wheeler,  Marquette,  20  Charles  H.  Pomeroy,  Bay  City, 
21  Richard  D.  Swartout,  Gr.  Rapids,  22  John  B.  Corliss,  Detroit, 
23  Nicholas  Coulson,  Detroit,  24  M.  Howard  Chamberlain,  Detroit, 

25  Frank  O.  Gilbert,  Bay  City,  26  Francis  M.  Moore,  Marquette, 

27  Edgar  M.  Sharp,         "  28  Wm.  C.  Maybury,  Detroit, 

29  Joseph  H.  Steele,  Sault  Ste  Marie. 

WISCONSIN. 

i  Melvin  L.  Youngs,  Milwaukee,       2  William  T.  Palmer,  Milwaukee, 
3  Samuel  F.  Greely,  Chicago,  111.,    4  Jared  W.  Crippen, 
5  Wm.  T.  Galloway,  Eau  Claire,       6  Francis  M.  Wilkinson,     " 
7  Michael  J.  Haisler,  Milwaukee,       8  Fred  L- Von  Suessmilch,  Delevan, 
9  Charles  D.  Rogers,  10  Henry  S.  Bracken,  Milwaukee, 

ii  Geo.  H.  Beezenberg,         "  12  Wm.  H.  Brazier,  " 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  81 

13  Oliver  Libbey,  Green  Bay,  14  Francis  J.  Crosby,  Milwaukee, 

15  Jerome  A.  Watrous,  Milwaukee,  16  Sidney  H.  Cole, 
17  Edward  J.  Stark,  «  18  EliasG.  Jackson,  Oshkosh, 

19  Nathan  B.  Rundle,  Eau  Claire,     20   Samuel  S.  Fifield,  Ashland, 
21  Homer  S.  Goss,  Portage,  22  Joel  W.  Bingham,  Milwaukee, 

23  Matthias  R.  Teegarden,  Racine  City. 


^onoravij  lit  ember*. 

1  James  C.  L,.  Wads  worth  ......................................  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

2  William  Filnier,  .................................................  "  « 

3  Harmon  G.  Reynolds  ........................................  Blue  Rapids,  Kansas 

Subordinate  Bodies. 


.  y.  U.  £.    32°. 

1  MAINE  ..................................................................  Portland,  Maine 

2  EDWARD  A.  RAYMOND  ..............................  Nashua,  New  Hampshire 

3  VERMONT  ...........................  ...........................  Burlington,    Vermont 

4  MASSACHUSETTS  .............................................  Boston,  Massachusetts 

5  RHODE  ISLAND  ........................................  Providence,  Rhode  Island 

6  LAFAYETTE  ................................................  Bridgeport,  Connecticut 

7  CONNECTICUT  SOVEREIGN  .................................  Norwich,         " 

8  ALBANY  .............................................................  Albany,  New  York 

9  NEW  YORK  CITY  .....................................  New  York  City,         " 

10  CENTRAL  ..........................................................  Syracuse,         " 

11  OTSENINGO  ................................................  Binghampton,         " 

12  ROCHESTER  ....................................................  Rochester,        " 

13  CORNING  ...........................................................  Corning.        " 

14  AURORA  GRATA  ................................................  Brooklyn,        " 

15  NEW  JERSEY  ..............................................  Jersey  City,  New  Jersey 

16  EXCELSIOR  ......................................................  Camden, 

17  PENNSYLVANIA  .........................................  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania 

18  PHILADELPHIA  ...................................  ....Philadelphia, 

19  HARRISBURG  .............................................  Harrisburg, 

20  CALDWELL  ...............................................  Bloomsburg, 

21  KEYSTONE  ...................................................  Scranton, 

22  MICHIGAN  ...........................................................  Detroit,  Michigan 

23  DE  WITT  CLINTON  ....................................  Grand  Rapids,         " 

24  OHIO  .....................................................................  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

25  NORTHERN  OHIO  ...................................................  Cleveland, 

26  INDIANA  .....................................................  Indianapolis,  Indiana 

27  ORIENTAL  .............................................................  Chicago,  Illinois 

28  QUINCY  ..................................................................  Quincy,        " 

29  FREEPORT  ............................................................  Freeport, 

30  PEORIA  .................................................................  Peoria, 

31  WISCONSIN  .......  ............................................  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 

Total  No.  of  Members  of  32°,  12,850.     Average,  414^' 


82  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 


,  18°, 

1  DUNLAP  ..............................................................  Portland,  Maine 

2  BANGOR  ................................................................  Bangor,  Maine 

3  ST.  GEORGE  ...........................................  Nashua,    New  Hampshire 

4  NEW  HAMPSHIRE  ...................  .  ...........  Portsmouth, 

5  DELTA  ..........................................................  Burlington,  Vermont 

6  MOUNT  CALVARY  .........................................  Lowell,  Massachusetts 

7  MOUNT  OLIVET  .............................................  Boston,  " 

8  LAWRENCE  ................................................  Worcester, 

9  RHODE  ISLAND  .......................................  Providence,  Rhode  Island 

10  PEQUONNOCK  .............................................  Bridgeport,  Connecticut 

11  NORWICH  .......................................................  Norwich, 

12  NEW  HAVEN  ...........................................  New  Haven, 

13  ALBANY  ...........................................................  Albany,  New  York 

14  NEW  YORK  CITY  .................................  New  York  City,         " 

15  CENTRAL  CITY  .............................................  Syracuse,         " 

16  AURORA  GRATA  .............................................  Brooklyn,        " 

17  OTSENINGO  .............................................  Binghampton,        " 

18  ROCHESTER  ..................................................  Rochester,        " 

19  CORNING  .........................................................  Corning,        " 

20  DELTA  ................................................................  Troy,        " 

21  YAH-NUN-DAH-SIS  ...............................................  Utica,        " 

22  TRENTON  ......................................................  Trenton,  New  Jersey 

23  JERSEY  CITY  .............................................  Jersey  City, 

24  EXCELSIOR  ...................................................  Cauiden, 

25  ADONIRAM  ..................................  ................  Paterson, 

26  OLIVET  .............................................  New  Brunswick, 

27  PITTSBURGH  ............................................  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania 

28  KILWINNING  ..............................................................  Philadelphia 

29  HARRISBURG  ........................................  Harrisburg, 

30  EVERGREEN  .........................................  Bloomsburg,  Pennsylvania 

31  KEYSTONE  ................................................  Scranton, 

32  MOUNT  OLIVET  ..................................................  Detroit,  Michigan 

33  ROBINSON  ................................................  Grand  Rapids,        " 

34  SAGINAW  VALLEY  .............................................  Bay  City,        " 

35  PENINSULA  ....................................................  Marquette,         " 

36  CINCINNATI  .........................................................  Cincinnati,*Ohio 

37  ARIEL  ..................................................................  Cleveland, 

38  COLUMBUS  ............................................................  Columbus, 

39  DAYTON  .....................................  .............................  Dayton, 

40  CAMBRIDGE  .........................................................  Cambridge, 

41  FORT  INDUSTRY  ........................................................  Toledo, 

42  INDIANAPOLIS  .....................................  ..........  Indianapolis,  Indiana 

43  PEORIA  ..................................................................  Peoria,  Illinois 

44  GOURGAS  .............................................................  Chicago,       " 

45  QUINCY  .................................................................  Quincy, 

46  FREEPORT  ..........................................................  Freeport, 

47  WISCONSIN  ...................................  .  ..............  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 

Total  No.  of  Members  12,764,  Average  271^ 


A.  &  A.  S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  83 

Council*  of  tyvince*  of  $*jru0aUmt,  16°. 

1  PORTLAND Portland,  Maine 

2  AUBURN Auburn,       " 

3  PALESTINE Bangor,       " 

4  GRAND  COUNCIL Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire 

5  ORIENTAL Nashua,  '  "  " 

6  JOSEPH  W.  ROBY Burlington,  Vermont 

7  MOUNT  CALVARY Montpelier,        " 

8  LOWELL Lowell,  Massachusetts 

9  GILES  F.  YATES Boston,  " 

10  MASSASOIT Springfield,  " 

11  GODDARD Worcester,  " 

12  RHODE  ISLAND Providence,  Rhode  Island 

13  WASHINGTON Bridgeport,  Connecticut 

14  VAN  RENSSELAER Norwich,          " 

15  ELM  CITY New  Haven,          " 

16  HARTFORD Hartford,          " 

17  GRAND  COUNCIL Albany,  New  York 

18  NEW  YORK  CITY New  York  City,         " 

19  CENTRAL Syracuse,         " 

20  AURORA  GRATA Brooklyn,        " 

21  OTSENINGO Binghampton,         " 

22  ROCHESTER Rochester,        " 

23  CORNING Corning,        " 

24  PALMONI Buffalo,        " 

25  DELTA Troy,        " 

26  YAH-NUN-DAH-SIS Utica,         " 

27  MERCER Trenton,  New  Jersey 

28  EXCELSIOR Camden, 

29  JERSEY  CITY Jersey  City, 

30  ADONIRAM Patterson, 

31  ZERUBBABEL New  Brunswick, 

32  PENNSYLVANIA Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania 

33  DE  JOINVILLE Philadelphia, 

34  HARRISBURG Harrisburg, 

35  ZERUBBABEL Bloomsburg, 

36  KEYSTONE Scranton, 

37  CARSON Detroit,  Michigan 

38  CYRUS Grand  Rapids, 

39  BAY  CITY Bay  City, 

40  LAKE  SUPERIOR Marquette,          ' 

41  DALCHO !7. Cincinnati,  Ohio 

42  CAMBRIDGE Cambridge,    •' 

43  BAHI-RIM Cleveland,     ' 

44  FRANKLIN Columbus,    ' 

45  MIAMI Dayton,     ' 

46  NORTHERN  LIGHT Toledo,     " 


84  BRIEF  HISTORY   OF  THE 

47  SERAIAH Indianapolis,  Indiana 

48  DARIUS Fort  Wayne, 

49  CHICAGO Chicago,  Illinois 

50  PEORIA Peoria,      " 

51  QUINCY Quincy,      " 

52  FREEPORT .• Freeport,      " 

53  WISCONSIN Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 

Total  No.  of  Members  16°,  13,290,  Average,  250%. 

|£0&0e0  of  -perfection,  14°. 

1  YATES Portland,  Maine 

2  LEWISTON Lewiston,       " 

3  EASTERN  STAR  Bangor, 

4  INEFFABLE Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire 

5  AARON  P.  HUGHES Nashua,       " 

6  HASWELL Burlington,  Vermont 

7  WINDSOR Windsor, 

8  GAMALIEL  WASHBURNE Montpelier, 

9  BENNINGTON Bennington, 

10  MIZPAH St.  Johnsbury, 

11  BOSTON Boston,  Massachusetts 

12  LOWELL Lowell, 

13  LAFAYETTE Boston, 

14  WORCESTER Worcester, 

15  SUTTON Salem, 

16  EVENING  STAR Springfield, 

17  SOLOMON'S Providence,  Rhode  Island 

18  VAN  RENSSELAER Newport, 

19  DE  WiTT  CLINTON Bridgeport,  Connecticut 

20  KING  SOLOMON Norwich, 

21  CHARTER  OAK Hartford, 

22  E.  G.  STORER New  Haven, 

23  INEFFABLE Albany,  New  York 

24  NEW  YORK  CITY New  York  City,  New  York 

25  CENTRAL  CITY Syracuse,     " 

26  AURORA  GRATA Brooklyn,     " 

27  OTSENINGO Binghampton,     " 

28  ROCHESTER Rochester,     " 

29  CORNING Corning,     " 

30  PALMONI, Buffalo,     " 

31  DELTA Troy,     " 

32  YAH-NUN-DAH-STS Utica,     " 

33  GERMANIA Rochester,     " 

34  LOCK  CITY Lockport,     " 

35  WATERTOWN Watertown,     " 

36  ST.  LAWRENCK  Potsdam,     " 

37  NORTHERN  SIAR Plattsburgh,     " 


A.  &  A.  S.   RITE    OF  FREEMASONRY.  85 

38  MERCER Trenton,     New  Jersey 

39  JERSEY  CITY Jersey  City,     " 

40  EXCELSIOR Cainden,     " 

41  New  BRUNSWICK New  Brunswick,     " 

42  ADONIRAM Paterson,     " 

43  GOURGAS Pittsburg,     Pennsylvania 

44  PHILADELPHIA Philadelphia,     " 

45  HARRISBURG Harrisburg,     " 

46  ENOCH Bloomsourg,     " 

47  LANCASTER Lancaster,     " 

48  KEYSTONE Scranton,     " 

49  PRESQUE  ISLE Erie,    " 

50  TOWANDA Towanda,     " 

51  CARSON Detroit,     Michigan 

52  MORIAH Grand  Rapids,     " 

53  DETROIT Detroit,     " 

54  McCoRMiCK  BayCity,     " 

55  MARQUETTE M?rquette,    " 

56  GiBULr.M Cincinnati,     Ohio 

57  CAMBRIDGE  Cambridge,     " 

58  ELIADAH Cleveland,     " 

59  ENOCH Columbus,     " 

60  GABRIEI Dayton,     " 

61  MI-A-MI  Toledo,     " 

62  ADONIRAM : Indianapolis,     Indiana 

63  FORT  WAYNE Fort   \Vavne,     " 

64  VAN  RENSSELAER Chicago,     Illinois 

65  QUINCY Quincy,     " 

66  FREEPORT Freeport,     " 

67  CENTRAL  Cnv Peoria,     " 

68  WISCONSIN Milwaukee,     Wisconsin 

Total  number  of  members  of  14°,  15,378,  Average,  226  1-7. 


ORAND     BODIKS 

OF   THE 

Jlncfenf  ant»  JtocEpf tfb  ;§c 

RECOGNIZED  BY  AND 

Hn  BBlaitons  of  jftmihj  toitfj  fyt  ^uprEtne  (Eorincils,  33°, 

for  ifjE  ^ou{I;ern  anb  Borffjern  Hurisbiciions 

of  tljE  Hnticb  ^iatss  of  JRmertca, 

AND   THE 

Jfl.  W.  Grand  Lodge  of  free  and  j^eeepted   J^asons  of  the 
State  of  Galifornia. 


©mmcil,  33°,f0r 

Louis  PROAL,  Paris, M.P.Sov.  Gr.  Commander 

EMMANUEL  ARAGO,  Paris, Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

JEAN  BAPTISTS  BAGARY, Secretary  General,  H.  E. 

EUGENE  BERARD, Grand  Chancellor  and  K .  of  the  Seals 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OK  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS  OF  THE 

SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE  UNITED 

STATES  OF.  AMERICA,  RESPECTIVELY. 

EUGENE  BERARD,  (S) 
MAURICE  SCHWA LB,  (N) 

ACHILLE  REGULUS  MOREL,  (S)  : Oakland,  California 

ANTHONY  EUGENE  STOCKER,  (N)  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

Address  of  the  Secretariat,  Grand  Chancellor  and 

Secretary  General, 42  Rne    Rochechouart,  Paris 


Council,    33°,  for  (JBn^lanfc,  $lUrtlesr 
of 


H.  R.  H.  ALBERT  EDWARD,  PRINCE  OF  WALES,  K.  G.  33°  GRAND  PATRON 
THE  EARL  OF  LATHAM,  ...........................  M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

CAPT.  NATHANIEL  GEORGE  PHILLIPS,  ............  Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

LIEUT.  COL.  SHADWELL  H.  CLERKE,  ...............  Grand  Secretary  General 

HUGH  DAVID  SANDEMAN,.  ...Grand  Secretary  of  Foreign  Correspondence 


A.  &  A.  S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  87 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCIL,  33°  FOR 
THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

CAPT.  NATHANIEL  GEORGE  PHILLIPS,  (S.  and  N.)  33°  Golden   Square 

London. 

THEODORE  SUTTON  PARVIN,  (S) Iowa  City,  Iowa 

CLINTON  FREEMAN  PAIGE,  (N)    Binghampton,  New  York 

Address  of  the  Secretariat,  33  Golden  Square,  London 


Council,  33°,  for 

FRANCIS  ROBERT  ST.  CLAIR  ERSKINE,  Earl  of  Rosslyn, 

M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

EARL  OF  MAR  AND  KELLIE, Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

LINDSAY  MACKERSV Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  E. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS  OF  THE 

SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

EARL  OF  KINTORE,  (S) 

FRANCIS  ROBERT  ST.  CLAIR  ERSKINE,  EARLOF  ROSSLYN,  (N)  Edinburg 

NATHANIEL  LEVIN,  (S)  Charleston,  South   Carolina 

CHARLES  LEYI  WOODBURY,  (N) Boston,  Mass. 

Address  of  the  Secretariat,  No.  381.  David  Street,  Edinburg 


Council,  33°,  for  |»rclanfc. 

JOHN  FITZHENRY  TOWNSEND M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

RIGHT  HON.  HEDGES  EYRE  CHATTERTON Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

E.  W.  MAUNSELLI Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  E. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS  FOR 

THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

JOHN  FITZHENRY  TOWNSEND  (S) Dublin 

E.  W.  MAUNSELLI  (N) " 

FREDERICK  WEBBER  (S) Louisville,  Kentucky 

BENJAMIN  DEAN  ^N) '. Boston,  Mass. 

Address  of  the  Secretariat,  No.  30  Upper  Fitzwillian  Street,  Dublin. 

^ntpremc  Council,  33°,  for  gelgittm. 

PIERRE  VAN  HUMBECK V.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

DR.  JEAN  CROCQ Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

GUSTAV  WASHER Grand  Chancellor,  Secretary  General.  H.  E. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS  FOR  THE 
SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OFTHE 
UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

GUSTAV  WASHER,  (Sand  N.) 

Address  of  the  Secretariat,  114  Avenue  Louise,  Bruxelles 


88  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  M.  W.  GRAND  LODGE  OF  F.  &  A.  M. 
OF  THE  STATE  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

GUSTAVE  JOTTRAND Brussels 

ALEXANDER  G.  ABELL San  Francisco,  California 


©mtnctl,  88°,  tor 

MANUEL  LLANO  Y  PERSE M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

JUAN  UTOR  Y  FERNANDEZ, Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  E. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS  OF  THE 

SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

JUAN  UTOR  Y  FERNANDEZ, 

(S)  Vacant. 

ENOCH  T.    CARSON,  (N)  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  M.  \V.  GRAND  LODGE  OF 
F.  &  A.  M.,  OF  THE  STATE  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

JULIO  FERNANDEZ    ESPINA, Madrid 

ALEXANDER  G.  ABELL,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


©vient  3£u&itana  Ittnifro  gwpremo  (ftonselhcr, 
33°,  t» 


AUGOSTO  SEBASTIAO  DE  CASTRO  GUEDES,  M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 
GENERAL  VICONDE  DE  FARO,  ........................  Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

EDUARDO  AMOROUS,  ............................  Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  E. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°  FOR 

THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF 

THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

REV.  THOMAS  GODFREY  P.  POPE,  (S)  ............  Rue  de  Estreila  4,  Lisbon 

DR.  ANTONIO  M.  DA  CUNHA  BELLEM,  (N)  .................................  Lisbon 

...............................................................  (S)  Vacant. 

...............................................................  (N)  Vacant. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  M.   W.  GRAND  LODGE  OF 

F.  &  A.  M.,  OF  THE  STATE  OF  CALIFORNIA. 
Luiz  FILLIPPE  DA  MATTA  ........................................................  Lisbon 

WILLIAM  CALDWELL  BELCHER,  P.  G.  M  .......................  Marysville,  Cal. 


•JJntco  gtuprcnte  CxmetpUo  £el  33°,  pev 

SEDENIEIN  ROME. 

DR.  TIMOTEO  RIBOLI,  i  Crand  Comntandfrs  Hon.  ad  „-,,,„. 
GIORGIO  TAMJO.           j 
ADRIANO  LEMMI, J\I.  P.  Grand  Commander 


A.   &A.S.   KITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  89 

COL.  GIOVANNI  CECCONI, Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

PROF.  GIOVANNI  BOBIO, Grand  Minister  of  State 

TEOFILO  GAY, Grand  Secretary  Chancellor 

CESARE  COREA, Grand  Treasurer  Almoner 

LUIGI  ORLANDO, Grand  Keeper  of  Seals 

MARCHESE  BENJAMINO  PANDOLFI, Grand  Standard  Beater 

ALESANDRO  PALUMBO, Grand  Master  of  Ceremonies 

COL.  EDOARDO  DE  BARTOLOMEIS, Grand  Captain  of  the  Guards 

REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCIL  FOR  THE  NORTH- 
ERN AND  SOUTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

TIMOTEO  RIBOLI,  (S)  29  via:  Accadeiuia  Albertiua,  Torino,   Italia 

TEOFILO  GAY Rome 

OoELL  SQUIRE  LONG,(S)  Wheeling,    West  Virginia 

SAMUEL  C.  LAWRENCE,  (N)  Boston,  Mass. 

Address  of  the  Grand  Commander Rome 


I? alley  of  tlje 

SECTION  OF  THE  SUPREME  COUNCIL  OF  ITALY,  FOR  THE  NEAPOLITAN 

PROVINCE. 

PROF.  MICHELE  REUTA President  of  the  Section 

ALESSANDRO  PALUMBO, Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

COSMA  PANUNZI, Grand  Secretary  Chancellor 

Address  of  the  Grand  Secretary,  17  Mergellina,  Napoli,  Italia 


of  tlje  3lrno. 

SECTION  OF  THE  SUPREME  COUNCIL  OF  ITALY,  FOR  THE  VALLEY  OP 
THE  ARNO.    SEE  AT  LIVORNO. 

ANSELMO  CARPI President  of  the  Section 

EDOARDO  DE  BARTOLOMEIS, Vice-President 

FORTUNATO  LABI, Grand  Secretary 


Council,  33°,  pour  la 

SEE  AT  LAUSANNE. 

Louis  RUCHONNET, M.P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

JULES  DALACRETAZ, Grand  Secretary  General,  H.E. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS  FOR 

THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF 

THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

EUGENE  DU  LON,     (S) Vevay 

REV.  TH.  REDARD,  (N) Lausa-ne 

WILLIAM  OSCAR  ROOME.  (S)  Washington,  I).  C. 

HOSMER  A.JOHNSON,  (N) : Chicago,  Illinois 

Address  of  the  Grand  Sectetariat,  Place  du  Tunnel,  9  Lausanne 


•90  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

£H.  £ft,  33°, 


©xmnctl,  33°,  * 

SEE  AT  BUDAPEST. 
•GEORGE  JOANNOVIES,  (JOANNOVIES   GYORGY)   Member  of  Parliament 

and  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences, M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

ANTOINE  SCHNEIDER,  (SCHNEIDER  ANTAL) Grand  Chancellor 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°,  FOR 
THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 
JULES  ZADOR,  (ZADOR  GUYULA)  (S)  Counsellor  in  the  Royal 

Ministry  of  Justice Vaczi  ut  6,  Budapest 

(N)  Vacant. 

JOHN  COMMINGERS  AINSWORTH,  (S)    Oakland,  California 

(N)  Vacant. 

Address  of  the  Grand  Secretariat, Vaczi  Boulevard,  45  Budapest 


T6  I'll  A  TON  "EAAHNIK  ON  'SYMBOYAION"  TOO    Ra9iu>o\ 
*&nvve*ne  Council,  33°,  of  t&veece. 

SEE  AT  ATHENS. 

PRINCE  DEMETRIUS  RHODSCANAKJS, M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

NIKOLAOS  DAMASKINOS, P.  Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

ANDREAS  KALYVAS, Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  E. 

•GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°  FOR 

THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF 

THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

NIKOLA os  DAMASKINOS,  (S) Athens 

ANDREAS    KALYVAS,  (N) Athens 

(S)  Vacant. 

•GEORGE  W.  DEERING,    (N) Portland,  Maine 


C&tmncil,  33°,  fotr 

SEE  AT  CAIRO. 

S.  A.  ZOLA M.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

FRANCESCO  FERDINANDO  ODDI, Grand  Secretary  Genetal,  H.  E. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°  FOR 

THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF 

THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

DOCTOR  ABBATE  BEY,  (S) Cairo 

S.  A.  ZOLA,    (N) Cairo 

CLEMENT  WELLS  BENNETT,  (S) Washington,  D.  C. 

DANIEL  SiCKELS,  (N)   New  York  City,  N.  Y. 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE    OF  FREEMASONRY.  91 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  M.  W.  GRAND  LODGE  ot^ 

F.  &  A.  M.,  OF  THE  STATE  OF  CALIFORNIA. 
FRANCISCO  F.  ODDI,  ..........................................................  Alexandria 

ALEX.  G.  ABELL,  (G.  S.)  ..........................................  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Council,  33°,  for 

SEE  AT  TUNIS.  ' 
GUSTAV  DESMONS,  .........................  :....'...M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

NICOLO  S.  CASSANELLO  ........................  Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  E. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°,  FOR 
THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF 

THE  UMTED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 
COSIMO  S.  BURLIZZI,  (N)  ............................................................  Tunis 

NICOLO  S.  CASSANELLO,  (N)  .......................................................  Tunis 

WILLIAM  M.  IRELAND,  (S)  ......................................  Washington,  D.  C. 


Council,  33°,  for  tlje  glontinion  of 

SEE  AT  MONTREAL. 
JOHN  VALENTINE  ELLIS,  St.  John.  N.  B..  M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

JOHN  WALTER  MURTON, Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

HUGH  MURRAY,  Hamilton,  Ontario, Grand  Secretary  General,  H.E^ 

REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  FOR  THE  SOUTH- 
ERN AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

JOHN  WALTER  MURTON,  (S) Hamilton,  Ontario 

HUGH  A.  MACKAY,    (N) "  " 

FREDERICK  WEBBER,  (S) Louisville,  Kentucky- 

D.  BURNH AM  TRACY,  (N) Detroit,  Michigan. 


©oitnctl,  33°,  for 

SEE  AT  THE  CITY  OF  MEXICO. 

IGNACIO  POMBO, M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

MARIANO  ESCOBEDO, Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

EUGENIO  CHAVERS, Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  E- 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  OF  THB 

SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURLSDICTIONS  OF 

THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

IGNACIO  POMBO,  (S) Callede  San  Felipe  Neri  7,  City  of  Mexico- 

IGNACIO  MARISCAL,  (N)  " 

PHILLIP  C.  TUCKER,    (Sj Galveston,  Texas 

(N)  Vacant. 

Address   of  the  Grand  Secretariat, 

Calle  de  Marique,    No.   5,  City  of  Mexico- 


•92  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

NOTE— The  Supreme  Council,  33°,  for  Mexico,  relinquished  the  control  of  the 
Symbolic  Degrees  when  the  Grand  Lodge  for  the  Federal  District  of  Mexico  was 
constituted,  and  the  Supreme  Council,  33°  for  the  Southern  Jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States  appointed  DON  CARLOS  PACHECO  as  its  Grand  Representative  to  that  body, 
which  in  turn  appointed  WILLIAM  REYNOLDS  SINGLETON  of  Washington  City,  p.  C., 
as  its  Grand  Representative  to  the  Supreme  Council,  33°,  for  the  Southern  Jurisdiction 
of  the  United  States. 


Council  of  Colon,  33°,  for  Cuba  anfc  the 


SEE  AT  HAVANA. 

JUANlGNACioZuAZO,  Marquis  de  Almeras,^/.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 
BENITO  J.  RIERA  .........................................  Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

MANUEL  N.  OCEJO  ................................  Grand  Secretary  General,  H.E. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  OF  AND  TO  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°, 

FOR  THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF 

THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

MANUEL  OCEJO,  (S)  ......  Apartado  de  Correos  509,  1'Habana,  Isla  de  Cuba 

...............................................................  (N)  Vacant. 

ALBERT  PIKE,  Gr.  Com.   (S)  .....................................  Washington,  D.  C. 

ALBERT  P.  MOKIARTV,  (N)  ..........  104  Stewart  Building,  N   Y.  City,  N.  Y. 

Address  of  Grand  Secretariat,  Calle  de  1'Habana  55,  Habana  de  Cuba 


Council,  33°,  for  Central 

SEE  AT  SAN  JOSE,  COSTA  RICA. 

GUILLERMO  NANNE, ALP.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

FELIX  MATOS, Grand  Secretary  General,  H.E. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  TO  AND  FROM  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°, 

FOR  THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

ALOYS  K.  OSBORNE,  (S) San  Jose,  Costa  Rica 

LORENZO  MONTUFAR,  (N) Guatemala 

EDWIN  BALDRIL.GE  MACGROTTY,  (S) Washington,  D.  C. 

THOMAS  R.  LUMBARD,  (Nj  160  Broadway,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

Address  of  the  Grand  secretariat, San  Jose,  Costa  Rica 


Cottncil,   33°,   for    intent 

(Now  UNI i ED  STATES  OF  COLOMBIA.) 
SEE  AT  CARTAJENA. 

JUAN  MANUEL  GRAU, AL  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

BENJAMIN  BAENA, Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

CARLOS  MEKLANO, Grand  Secretary  General,  H.E. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  TO  AND  FROM  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°, 
FOR  THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE 
UNITED  SPATES  OF  AMERICA. 

(S)  Vacant. 

RAFAEL  HERNANDEZ,  (N) Cartajena 

(S)  Vacant. 

CLINTON  F.  PAIGE,  (N) Binghatnpton,  New  York 


grupreme  Council,  33°,  for  JJniteh  §Ftate*  of  fJJcneiuela 

SEE  AT  CARACAS. 

GENERAL   JOAQUIN  CRESPO AL  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

DR.  VICENTE  AMENUAL, Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

JESUS  MARIA  MEDINA Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  E. 

RAIMUNDO  I.  ANDUEZA, Grand  Secretary 


A.  &  A.  S.  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  93 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  TO  AND  FROM  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS    «° 
FOR  THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE  ' 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 
EUGENE  H.  PLUMACHER,  33°,  (Sj,  U.  S.  Consul  General  ........  Maracaibo 

............................................................  (N)   Vacant. 

............................................................  (S)  Vacant. 

............................................................  (N)  Vacant. 


Council,  33°,  for  *?ra|il. 

VALLEY  OF  LAVRADIO.         (SEE  AT  RicTjANEiRO.) 
Luiz  ANTONIO  VIEIRA  DA  SILVA,  ...........  .17.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

OBARAO  DEJACEGUAY  ..........................................  Lieut.  Commander 

JOSE  DINIZ  VILLASBOAS,  ......................  Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  E. 

GUSTAVO  BRAGA  .........................................  Secretary  General  Adjunct 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  TO  AND   FROM  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°, 
FOR  THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 
......................................................  (S)  Vacant. 

DR  FRANCISCO  JOSE  CARDOZA,  JR.  (N)  .................................  Rio  Janeiro 

JOHN  QUINCY  ADAMS  FELLOWS.   (S)  ..................................  New  Orleans 

HEMAN  ELY,  (N)  .............................................................  Elyria,  Ohio 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  TO  AND  FROM  THE  M.    W.  GRAND  LODGE 

OF  F.  &  A.  M.,  OF  THE  STATE  OF  CALIFORNIA. 
RODRIGO  A.  MACHADA  REIS,  ..............................    ..........  Rio  de  Janeiro 

ALEXANDER  G.  ABELL,  33°,  G.  S  ...................................  San  Francisco 


(Council,  33°.  for 

SEE  AT  MONTEVIDEO. 
DR  CARLOS  DE  CASTRO,  ...........................  M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

MIGUEL  FURRIOL,  ........................................  Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

JUAN  M.  DE  LA  SIERRA  .........................  Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  E. 

BELISARIO  CONRADO,  ........................  Grand  Secretary  General  Adjunct 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  TO  AND  FROM  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°, 
FOR  THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF  THE 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 
.........................................     .........  (S)  Vacant. 

JOHN  MAC  COLL,  (N)  ........................................................  Montevideo 

MARTIN  COLLINS,  (S)  .............................  ...............  St.  Louis,  Missouri 

......................................................  (N)  Vacant. 

Address  of  the  Grand  Secretariat,  227  Calle  Queguay,  Montevideo. 


©ottucil,  33°,  for  tlje  glr0cutiue 

SEE  AT  BUENOS  AYRES. 
DR.  JUAN  M.  LASSEN  ..............................  M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

OTTO  E.  RECKE  ...................................  Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  E. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  TO  AND  FROM  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°, 
FOR  THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS 

OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 
...............................................................  (S;  Vacant. 

OTTO  E.  RECKE,  (N)  ........................................................  Buenos  Ayres 

...............................................................  (S)  Vacant. 

..............................................................  (N)  Vacant. 

Address  of  the  Grand  Secretariat,  Calle  Congailo,  540,  Buenos  Ayres 
REPRESENTATIVES  TO  AND  FROM  THE  M.   W.  GRAND  LODGE  OF  F.  &  A. 

M.  OF  THE  STATE  OF  CALIFORNIA. 
ESTEVAN  GUABELLO  .........................................................  Buenos  Ayres 

WILLIAM  CALDWELL  BELCHER,  P.  G.  M  ........................  Marysville,  Cal. 


94  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF   THE 


Council  33°,  fotr 

SEE  AT  LIMA. 
FRANCISCO  JAVIER  MANATAGUI  ..............  M.  P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

JTJAN  SANCHEZ  SILVA  ....................................  Lieut.  Grand  Commander 

JUAN  MEYANS  ....................................  Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  £ 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  TO  AND  FROM  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°,. 
FOR  THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS  OF 

THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 
.............................................................  (S)  Vacant. 

RICARDO  H.  HARTLEY,  (N)  ........................................................  Lima 

.............................................................  (S)  Vacant. 

............................................................  (N)  Vacant. 

Address  of  the  Grand  Commander,  Calle  de  Milagro,  No.   130,  Lima 


(lumncU,  33°,  for 

SEE  AT  VALPARAISO. 

J.  DE  MERINO  BENVENTE M.P.  Sov.  Grand  Commander 

H.  PLUNKET  BONCHIER Grand  Secretary  General,  H.  £. 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  TO  AND  FROM  THE  SUPREME  COUNCIL,  33°, 

FOR  THE  SOUTHERN  AND  NORTHERN  JURISDICTIONS 

OF  THE  UMTED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

(S)  Vacant. 

GEORGE  H.  KENDALL,  (N) ....Valparaiso 

(S)  Vacant. 

CHARLES  W.  CARTER,  (N) Norwich,  Conn. 


©ran**  |£ooge  of  ginreoen  tmo 

SEE  AT  STOCKHOLM. 
His  MAJESTY  OSCAR  II  ..........................  :  ........................  Grand  Master 

A.  HJELMSTIERNA  ......................................................  Grand  Secretary 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  TO  AND  FROM  THE  SUPREME  COUNCILS,  33°, 
OF  THE  SOUTHERN  JURISDICTION  OF  THE  UNITED 

STATES  OF  AMERICA. 
KAPTIN  JACOB  TRINDOLF  THORSSELL  ...................................  Stockholm 

JAMES  CUNNINGHAM  BATCHELOR  .....................  New  Orleans,  Louisiana 


(JSrcmo  googe  of 

SEE  AT  COPENHAGEN. 
....................................  .  ..............................................  Grand  Master 

...................................  ,  .............................................  Grand  Secretary 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVE  TO  AND  FROM  THE  SUPREME  COUNCIL,  33°  FOR 
THE  SOUTHERN  JURISDICTION  OF  THE  UNITED     • 

STATES  OF  AMERICA. 
..................  '.  ...............................................  Vacant 

JOHN  MILLS  BROWNE,  Surgeon  General  U.  S.  Navy....  Washington,  D.  C. 


of  the  ^eoeral  glt&trict  of 

(AT  THE  CITY  OF  MEXICO.) 
JOSE  DE  LA  PAZ  ALVAREZ  ...............................................  Grand  Master 

FRANCISCO  P.  MONTES  DE  OCA  ....................................  Grand  Secretary 

GRAND  REPRESENTATIVES  TO  AND  FROM  THE  SUPREME  COUNCIL,  33°, 
FOR  THE  SOUTHERN  JURISDICTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

OF  AMERICA. 
CARLOS  PACHECO  ........................................................  City  of  Mexico 

WILLIAM  REYNOLDS  SINGLETON  ...............................  Washington,  D.  C. 


ROLL 

OF 

OFFICERS  AND  MEMBERS 


OF 


t  IMeran 


OK  THE  PACIFIC  COAST, 

FOR  ITS  TWELFTH  YEAR,  1889-90. 


W.  WILLIAM  S.  Moses,  P.  M.  32°,  ............  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  President 

W.  THOMAS  G  .LAMBERT,  P.  M.  K.  T  .......  Monterey,  Cal.,  ist  Vice-Pres* 

W.  ORRIN  W.  HOLLENBECK,  P.  M.R.  A  .......  Auburn,  Cal.,  2d  Vice-Pres- 

M.  W.  CHRISTOPHER  TAYLOR,  33°,  G.  M.  G.  C.  K.  T. 

Vice-President  for  Oregon 
M.  W.  Louis  ZEIGLER,  33°,  P.  G.  M.  P.  G.  H.  P., 

Vice-President  for  State  of  Washington 
M.  W.  HARRY  R.  COMLY,  33°,  P.  G.  M.  K.  T  ......  Vice-Pres.  for  Montana 

"      LAWRENCE  N.  GREENLEAF,  33°,  P.  G.  M.  K.  T., 

Vice-Pres.  for  Colorado 

M.  W.  JAMES  LOWE,  32°,  P.  G.  M.  E.  C.  K.  T...        "  "  Utah 

W.  ALEX.  D.  ROCK,  P.  M.  R.  A  .......................         "  "      Nevada 

W.  JOSEPH  V.  COWAN,  P.  M  .....................  Vice-Pres.  for  New  Mr.\-i<:o 

W.  ALEX.  G.  OLIVER,  P.  M.,  G.  H.  P.  K.  T.       "  "  '  Arizona 

W.  M.  EDWIN  A.  SHERMAN,  33°,  .....................  Oakland,  Cal.,  Secretary 

W.  WILLIAM  S.  PHELPS,  P.  M  ...............  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Treasurer 

W.  CHARLES  H.  HAILE,  14°,  P;  M  .................  Alameda,  Cal.,  Marshal 

W.  OSGOOD  C.  WHEELER,  P.  M.  K.  T  .....  .  ........  Oakland,  Cal.,  Chaplain 

*BERNARD  F.  STROMBERG,  30°  ..............................  Oakland,  Cal.,  Tiler 


W.  COLUMBUS  WATERHOUSE,  33°,  P.  M.  P.  E.  C.  K.  T  ............  S.  F.,  Cal. 

SAMUEL  SWIFT,  Tc.  T  ....................................................  Oakland,     " 

JAMKS  M.  MCDONALD,  32°,  P.  G.  Tr.  K.  T  ...............  San  Francisco,     "• 

M.  W.  LEONIDAS  E.  PRATT,  32°,  P.  G.  M.  P.  G.  H.  P.,  K.  T., 

(deceased)  ......................................................  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

W.  WASHINGTON  AYER,  32°,  P.  M  ........................     " 

ROBERT  H.  LUCAS,  R.  A  .......................................    " 

W.JAMES  L.  COGSWELL,  P.  M.  R.  A  .....................    "          " 


96  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 


*W.  FREDERICK  WEBBER,  33°,  P.  M.,  Secretary  General,  S.  C.S.J., 

Washington,  D.  C. 
*EDWIN  B.  SPINNEY,  14°,  K.  T  .........................................  Boston,  Mass. 

*W.  WILLIAM  E.  STEUART,  P.  M  ...........................  Baltimore,  Maryland 

*M.  W.  JAMES  C.  BATCHELOR,  33°,  P.  G.  M.,  Grand  Secretary 

of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Louisiana,  New  Orleans,  Louisiana 


CALIFORNIA. 
*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.  JONATHAN  DRAKE  STEVENSON,  R.  A  ......  San  Francisco 

"        JOHN  ASHBY  TuTT  .........................................  Madison 

"        BENJ.  DANIEL  HYAM  .......................  Washington,  D.  C. 

"        NATHANIEL  GREEN  CURTIS,  K.  T  ..............  Sacramento 

"        WM.  CALDWELL  BELCHER,  32°,  K.  T  ............  Marysville 

GILBERT  BURNETT  CLAIBORNE,  K.  T  ..............  Stockton 

WM.  ABRAHAM  DAVIES,  33°,  P.  G.  C.  K.  T  ............  S.  F. 

ISAAC  LUTVENE  TITUS,  33°,  P.  G.  C.  K.  T.,  Phoenix,  A. 

"        GEO  CLEMENT  PERKINS,  P.  G.  C.  K.  T...San  Francisco 

JOHN  MILLS  BROWNE,  33°,  P.  G.  H.  P.  K.  T.,  Wash.,  D.  C. 

"        SAMUEL  CRAWFORD  DENSON  .....................  Sacramento 

"  "        CLAY  WEBSTER  TAYLOR,  32°,  K.  T  ....................  Shasta 

"        WILEY  JAMES  TINNIN,  P.  G.  H.  P  ............  San  Francisco 

*  •'  "        EDMUND  CLEMENT  ATKINSON,  K.  T  ............  Sacramento 

"        HIRAM  NEWTON  RUCKER,  K.T  ......................  Stockton 

"        MORRIS  MARCH  ESTF.E,  K.  T  ..............................  Napa 

*R.  W.  D.  G.  M.  WILLIAM  JOHNSTON,  Sr.  K.  T  ...................  Sacramento 

*  "      S.  G.  W.  CHARLES  RAY  GRITMAN,  K.  T  ............................  Napa 

*  "     J.  G.  W.  HENRY  SAYRE  ORME,  32°,  P.  G.  C.  K.  T.  ...Los  Angeles 
*V.  W.  G.  S.  ALEXANDER  GURDON  ABELL,  33°,  P.  G.  C.  K.  T  ..........  S.  F 

"      NATHAN  WESTON  SPAULDING,  33°,  P.  G.H.  P.  K.  T.,  ......  Oakland 

*-R.  W.  P.  D.  G.  M.  ALVAH  RUSSELL  CONKLIN  ..................  San  Francisco 

R.  W.  P.  S.  G.  W.  THEO.  GUEVARA  COCKRILL,  K.T  .......  " 

R.  W.  P.  J.  G.  W.  JACOB  HART  NEFF,  32°,  P.  G.  H.  P.  G.  G.  K.  T.  Colfax 
*V.  R.  WM.  HENRY  HILL,  P.  M.  K.T.,  32°  ...........................  San  Rafael 

*W.  CHARLES  DANA  BARROWS,  G.  Orator,  K.  T  .............  San  Francisco 

*  "  GEORGE  JOHNSON,  P.  M.  A.  G.  S.  K.T  ...................... 

•*  "  JAMES  WRIGHT  ANDERSON,  G.  L.  K.  T  ..................... 

*  "  JAMES  BAUNTY  STEVENS,  Gr.  Mar  .........................................  Napa 

*"   WM.  HENRY  EDWARDS,  Gr.  Std.  Bearer  .....................  San  Francisco 

*  "   SAMUEL  BOND  HINCKLEY,  Gr.  Sd.  Bearer,  K.  T  ................  Riverside 

*W.  FRED.  WM.  LUCAS,  P.  M  ...............................................  Santa  Cruz 

*  "  EDWARD  MEYERS  PRESTON,  S.  G.  D.  K.  T  ...................  Nevada  City 

*  "  ALEX.  DOUGLAS  LAUGHLIN,  J.  G.  D  ..............................  Santa  Rosa 

*  "  CHARLES  MULHOLLAND,  S.  G.  Std  .............................  Independence 

*"  ADDISON  MORGAN,  Jr.  "        ..............................  San  Diego 

*  "  JACOB  FRANKLIN  BOLLER,  G.  P  ..........................................  Tulare 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE    OF  FREEMASONRY. 


97 


*W.  SAMUEL  DAVID  MAYER,  G.  Org.,  K.  T San  Francisco 

*  "  JAMES  OGLESBY,  G.  TILER,  32°,  K.  T 

*V.  R.  P.  G.  C.  ADAMC.  BAINE Stockton 

*\V.  P.  G.  MAR.  HARVEY  MATTHEWS,  K.  T San  Francisco 

*  "      SWD.  B.,  WM.  HENRY  HATTOX 

*W      "      S.  G.  D.,  JOSEPH  CLARENCE  WARD,  K.  T Visalia 

*"       "      J.  "     "     EUGENE  J.  CREGORY,  K.  T Sacramento 

*"        "      Std.  ROMAYNE  WILLIAMS Pasadena 

*AKERLY,  REV.  BENJAMIN,  P.  M.  K.  T Oakland 

*ALEXANDER  Louis  L.,  32° " 

*ANDERSON,  REV.  THOS.  HART  BENTON,  P.  M.  K.  T " 

ADAMS,  FREDERICK,  P.  M San  Luis  Obis po 

ATKINSON,  THOMAS  T.,  P.  M San  Francisco 

ALLEN,  MORTIMER  CHERBURY,  P.  M.  P.  H.  P.  K.  T Shasta 

APPLEGATE,  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  P.  M.  R.  A Applegates 

BLAKE,  CHARLES  EDWARD  SR.,  K.  T San  Francisco 

*BASION,  JOSEPH  GARDINER,  32°,  K.  T 

BURKETT,  ALEXANDER,  32°,  P.  M.  P.  H.  P.  K.  T Modesto 

BRAMAN,  JASON  JARVIS,  32° Healdsburg 

BLOOM,  HERMAN,  R.  A ^an  Luis  Obispo 

BROWN,  ROLAND  GAIR,  32°,  K.  T Oakland 

*BROWN,  CHARLES  F.,  33°  P.  M.  K.  T San  Francisco 

BROWN,  FRANK  E.,  32°,  K.  T 

BROMLEY,  GEORGE  T.,  P.  M.  K.  T '        " 

BUFFINGTON,  JOHN  MASON,  33°,  K.  T Oakland 

BADGER,  WILLIAM  G.,  K.  T Fruitvale 

^BISHOP,  AMASA  WRIGHT,  30°,  P.  M.  K.  T Oakland 

*BUTTON,  FRED  LAWRENCE,  P.  M " 

BuscELLE,  JAMES  R i:au  Francisco 

BELLAMY,  BENSON  C.,  P.  M.  P.  H.  P Covelo 

BOWNE,  WILLIAM  STEBBINS,  14°,  P.  M Santa  Clara 

BOOTH,  Lucius  ANSON Oakland 

BURNHAM,  CHARLES  F.,  32°,  E.  C.  K.  T " 

*BELL,  REV.  SAMUEL  BOOKSTIVER " 

BIGELOW,  CHARLES  EDWIN,  R.  A San  Francisco 

BYSTLE,  DANIEL,  P.  M.  R.  A — 

*CASWRLL,  THOMAS  HUBBARD,  33°,  P.  M.  P.  G.  H.  P.  P.  E. 

G.  C.  G.  Chancellor  Sup.  Con.  S.  J.  U.  S San  Francisco 

CLARK,  TREAT  P.,  32° 

CALDWELL,  JOHN  C Monterey 

COTTRELL.  EDWARD  MORTIMER,  32°,  P.  M San  Francisco 

CRELLIN,  JOHN,  K.  T Oakland 

*CLARK,  ALVAH  K.,  P.  M.  H.  P 

*CRAWFORD,  ELLISON  L.  P.  M.  H.  P Georgetown 

*CRESSY,  EDWARD  P.         "         "       K.  T San  Francisco 

*CROCKER,  CHARLES  F.,  32°,  K.  T 

*CAMPBELL,  WALTER  M.,  K.  T 


93  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

*CAMPBELL,  FRED  MCLEAN,  R.  A Oakland 

DAVIS,  WM.  WALLACE,  K.  T. " 

*COLE,  RECTOR  E.,  P.  M.  R.  A " 

DICK,  BYRON  COLEMAN,  32° " 

*DEWEY,  ALFRED  T " 

DORWIN,  GEORGE  W Melrose 

*DAY,  FRANKLIN  H.,  32°,  P.  M.  G.  H.  P.  P.  E.  C.  K.  T San  Francisco 

*DORN,  MARCELLUS  A.,  32°,  P.  M.  K.  T " 

*DAVIS,  WILLIAM  B.,  K.  T. Sacramento 

*DUSENBURY,  JOHN  B.,  K.  T " 

EDGAR,  DANIELJ.,  32° San  Francisco 

EVERS,  JOHN  HENRY,  R.  A Oakland 

ESCOLLE,  HONORE .Monterey 

EVELAND,  GEORGE  F San  Francisco 

ELLIS,  JOSEPH  DOANE " 

*EwER,  WARREN  B.,  K.  T " 

FIGEL,  JOSEPH  R.  A 

FRONK,  GEORGE Oakland 

FULLER,  AMOS  L/EIGHTON,  R.  A " 

FISHER,  GEORGE  W " 

*FISHER,  PHILLIP  M " 

FILMER,  WILLIAM,  33° San  Francisco 

FLETCHER,  LE  ROY  DERMOTT,  18° San  Francisco 

FLINT,  THOMAS  Sr.,  P.  M.  P.  H.  P.  K.  T South  San  Juan 

*Fox,  CHARLES  N.,  K.  T Oakland 

GRAVES,  HIRAM  T.,  32°,  P.  M.,  P.  G.  H.  P.,  P.  G.  C San  Francisco 

GOAD,  WILLIAM  FRANK,  P.  M.  K.  T " 

GiLLETT,  CHARLES  EDWIN,  33°,  P.  M.,  P.  H.  P.  P.  Th.  I.  M. 

P.  G.  C.  K.  T Oakland 

GIBBS,  WILLIAM  T.,  P.  M " 

*GRIMES,  GEORGE  L San  Francisco 

GOUD,  GEORGE  L.,  32°,  K.  T , " 

GILPIN,  ZACHARYT.,  32°,  P.  E.  C.  K.  T Oakland 

*GRAY.  SPAULDING,  K.  T 

GOODMAN,  GEORGE,  32°,  R.  A Oakland 

GARDNER,  JAMES  T.,  K.  T " 

GIBBONS,  WILLIAM  P Alameda 

HOLLIDAY,  SAMUEL  W San  Francisco 

HAL  TEAD,  JAMES  LAFAYETTE,  P.  M.  K.  T " 

HART,  ALFRED 

HOLMES,  NATHANIEL  BREED,  32°,  K.  T...  Livermore 

HACKETT,  HENRY Grangeville 

HEWES,  CHARLES  WESLEY,  K.  T Oakland 

HAUGHTON,  EDWARD  WM Valley  View,  Cramer 

HURLEY,  JOHN,  P.  Th.  ILL.  M.,  K.  T Sacramento 

HARE/ELIAS,  C.,  P.  M San  Francisco 

HANLEY,  WM.  A.,  K.  T S.erra  City 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE    OF  FREEMASONRY.  99 

HAWKINS,  HOWARD  KENDRICK San  Francisco 

*HADSELL,  JAMES    RICE Monterey 

HEI.LWIG,  CHARLES  J.,  32°,  P.  M.  P.  H.  P Auburn 

*HOBE,  GEORGE  JOHN,  33°,  P.M.  G.  R San  Fra  icisco 

*HosMER,  HEZEKIAH  P.  M.  K.  T San  Francisco 

*HYDE,  MARCUS  DARIUS,  P.  M.  R.  A Oakland 

*HANDY,  BRAYTON  E.,  K.  T Oakland 

*Hi'LL,  JOSEPH    P.  M Sacramento 

INGRAM,  OSCAR  S San  Diego 

JENKINS,  JOHN  W.,  32°,  K.  T Nevada  City 

JOHNSON,    .ALBERT Alameda 

TOSSELYN,  EDWARD  SPENCER,  K.  T Monterey 

JONES,  WILLIAM  PRICE.  K.  T Alameda 

KING,  WILLIAM  AVERY,  P.  M Oakland 

KEKCHIVAL.JOHN  H.,  K.  T Oakland 

KNORP,  ALBERT  FREDERICK,  P.  M.  P.  H.  P San  Francisco 

KENNEDY,  GEORGE  EDWIN,  32°  P.  M.  P.  H.  P.  K.  T Livermore 

LANE,  ANDREW  JACKSON, Knights  Ferry 

L  AZZAREVICH,  GIOVANNI,  32°,  K.  T Los  Angeles 

LORD,  CARLOS  REUBEN,  P.  M.  R.  A Berkeley 

LAMPE.  THEODORE  C San  Francisco 

LIPPMAN,  GEORGE 

•  LA  BLANC,  JOHN 

LENTELL,  JAMES,  P.  M.  P.  H.  P Oakland 

*LA\VSON,  JAMES  S.,  33°,  R.  A San  Francisco 

MCDONALD,  RICHARD  HAYES,  K.  T 

MERRITT,  JAMES  BESTOR,  33°,  P.  E.  C.  K.  T Alameda  County 

MARTIN,  JAMES  C.,  P.  M Oakland 

MACK,  ALBERT San  Francisco 

MAYER,  LEOPOLD..... '. 

MASON,  WM.  C Oakland 

MILLER,  PETER  C.,  32° San  Francisco 

MKRRILL,  ISAAC  M San  Diego 

McGouN,  ROBERT.,  P.  M.  R.  A Alameda 

MATHEWS,  HENRY  E.,  K  T San  Francisco 

McNEELY.  MALACHI,  32° Oakland 

METCALF,  GEORGE  D.,  32°,  P.  E.  C.  K.  T Oakland 

*MOKEL,  ACHILLES,  33° Fruitvale 

MCCLYMONDS  JOHN  WM.,  P.  M.  P.  H.  P.  K.  T Oakland 

*MIZNER,  LANSING  B.,  P.  M Benicia 

*MULLARD,  RICHARD  T.,  32°,  P.  M.  K.  T Los  Angeles 

*McMiLLAN,  ROBERT,  P.  M San  Francisco 

*MORGAN,  EDWARD  H.,  32°,  W.M.  P.  H.  P.  K.  T Oakland 

*NORTHEY,  VERNAL  SIDNEY Oakland 

OWENS,  JOHN  BROOME,  P.  M.  K.T San  Francisco 

*OGILVIE,  JAMES  G.,  18° San  Francisco 

PHELPS,  AUGUSTUS  E 


ioo  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

PEARCE,  RICHARD Oakland 

POWELL,  ABRAHAM,  32°,  P.  M.  K.  T " 

PEDRINI,  CIPRIANO,  K.  T North  Temescal 

PRESTON,  ROBERT  JAMES Petal uma 

PRICE,  JOHN  ASHLOCK Or  land 

PATTERSON,  GEORGE,  32°,  K.  T " 

PHILLIPS,  JOHN  W.,  .KT " 

PANNO,  JOHN  LEWIS San  Diego  County 

PATRICK,  JOHN  R.,  P.  M Monterey 

PLUMMER,  C.  MOODY,  32°  K.  T San  Francisco 

PIERCE,  WM.  FRANK,  33°,  P.  H.  P.  T.  I.  G.  M.  K.  T Oakland 

*PERRY,  WM.  H.,  14°  W.  M " 

*PARRISH,  WM.  H " 

*PRICE,  WM.  E.,  P.  M San  Francisco 

RANDALL,  BENJAMIN Knights  Ferry 

RODOLPH,  GODFREY,  P.M.  R.  A Madison. 

RODECKER,  ELIAS,  P.  M San  Francisco 

REISER,  THEODORE,  P.  M.  K.  T Anaheim 

RUTHERFORD,  CHARLES  B.,  R.  A Oakland 

RIEGELHAUPT,  PHILIP Sail  Francisco 

ROSEKRANS,  HENRY  M 

RICE,  HARVEY  W Hay.wards 

REED,  JOHN  PITTS Coronado 

SPAULDING,  GEORGE,  32°,  K.  T San  Francisco 

SKINNER,  ISAAC  ASH,  R.  A Monterey 

STEWART,  MICHAEL  Y Oakland 

SHAW,  SYLVANUS  H.,  R.  A Sonoma 

SOUTHER,  JOSEPH  N.,  32°,  K.  T San  Francisco 

SCHULLER,  ANTONIO Oakland 

SIMPSON,  ROBERT  F " 

*STANDEFORD,  DAVID  W " 

SHAW,  STEPHEN  WM San  Francisco 

STODDARD,  ASA  C Alameda 

SUTTON,  WM Monterey 

*SWAIN,  EDWARD  B San  Francisco 

*SMITH,  JOSEPH  C.,  P.  M " 

*SA\VYER,  LORENZO  D 

*SHURTLEFF,  GEORGE.  A.,  32°,  .KT Napa 

THOMPSON,  ROBERT  R San  Francisco 

TERP,  JEFF  EVERSON Oakland 

TURNER,  MATTHEW San  Francisco 

TRULL,  SYLVESTER,  32°,  P.  M " 

*TAYLOR,  JOHN  B.,  32°,  K.  T Oakland 

TOOTHAKER,  LUTHER  S Monterey 

*TAYLOR,  ROBERT  H.,  P.  M.  R.  A San  Francisco 

TILLEY,  GABRIEL  H Oakland 

VANDERSLICE,  WM.  K.,  K.  T " 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY.  101 

WILLIAMS,  HENRY  F.,  P.  M.,  K.  T.,  (First  Mason  made  in  Cal.)...S.  F. 

WINCHESTER,  EBENEZER,  30°,  P.  M.  R.  A.  R.  S.  M Oakland 

WALTER,  WM.  ADDISON,  P.  M.  R.  A 

WRIGHT,  WM.  H.,  30°,  P.  M.  P.  H.  P '. Livennore 

WELLS,  MICHAEL  H.,  P.  M.  K.  T Yankee  Hill 

WINTERBURN,  JOSEPH San  Francisco 

WYNN,  WATKYN  WM Livermore 

WYTHE,  REV.  DR.  JOSEPH  M.,  14°,  P.  G.  O.  K.  T Oakland 

WOODRUFF,  GEORGE  J.,  K.  T " 

*\VILKINS,  EDMUND  T.,  32°,  K.  T Napa 

WAGENER,  SAMUEL  HOPKINS,  M.  E.  G.  C.  K.  T San  Jose 

*VANDERHURST,  WILLIAM,  P.  G.  H.  P.  K.  T Salinas 

VAN  PELT,  JOHN  HENRY San  Francisco 

YERIAN,  ADAM " 

OREGON. 
M.  W.  G.  M.  CHRISTOPHER  TAYLOR,  33°,  P.  G.  H.  P.,  P.  Th. 

G.  M.  P.  G.  C.  K.  T Dayton. 

*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.  JOHN  C.  AINSWORTH,  33°,  K.  T (Oakland,  Cal.) 

"        BENJAMIN  STARK 

"       JAMES  R.  BAYLEY,  32° Newport 

JOHN  MCCRAKEN,  33° Portland 

"        STEPHEN  F.  CHADWICK,  32°,  K.  T.  Gr.  Sec Salem 

A.  W.  FERGUSON Astoria 

DAVID  G.  CLARK Albany 

WILLIAM  D.  HARE — 

;;      "  "        THOMAS  McF.  PAITON,  32°,  P.  G.  H.  P.  K.  T....  Salem 

J.  H.  KUNZIE — 

"       ROBERT  CLOW 

ROCKY  P.  EARHART,  33°,  P.  G.  H.  P.  G.  C.K.  T.— 

"       GEORGE  McD.  STROUD 

JOSEPH  N.  DOLPH,  33°,  K.  T Portland 

WILLIAM  T.  WRIGHT,  32° Union 

*  "  "        D.  P.  MASON — 

*  "  "        THOMAS  G.  RE  AMES,  32°,  K.  T Jacksonville 

*  "  "        JAMES  C.  FULLERTON   — 

*  "  "        ANDREW  XASBURY,  32°,  K.  T Marshfield 

*  "  "        JAMES  F.  ROBINSON Eugene  City 

*  "  "        G.  M.  JACOB  MAYER Portland 

*V.  W.  P.  G.  Sec.  FRELON  J.  BABCOCK,  32°,  K.  T Salem 

V.  W.  P   G.  I.  Sec.  IRVING  W.  PRATT,  33°,  P.  H.  P.  P.  A.  C.  K.  T. 

Portland 

JAMES  W.  COOK,  32°,  K.T 

*W.  ROBERT  P.  Brno,  P.  M Lafayette 

WASHINGTON. 

*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.  Louis  ZiEGLER,  33°,  G.  H.  P.,  Vice-Pres.  for  Wash. 

Spokane  Falls 


102  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.  DANIEL  BAGLEY Seattle 

*  "  "        ELWOOD  EVANS,  32° Tacoma 

*  "  "        GRANVILLE  O.  HALLER,  32° Seattle 

*  "  "        JAMES  R.  HAYDEN,  33° / " 

*  "  "         PLATT  A.  PRESTON,  32° Waitsburg 

*  '•  "        ROBERT  C.  HILL,  32° Port  Townsend 

*  "  "        ELISHA  P.  Ferry,  32° Seattle 

*  "  "        Louis  SOHNS,  32° Vancouver 

*  "  "        RALPH  GUICHARD,  32° Walla  Walla 

*  "  "        JOSEPH  A.  KUHN,  32° Port  Townsend 

*  "  "        LEVI  ANKENY,  32° Walla  Walla 

*  "  "       WILLIAM  H.  WHITE Seattle 

*  "  "         JOSEPH  SMITH Kalama 

*  "  "         NATHAN  S.  POTTER,  32° Olympia 

*  "  HANFORD  W.  FITZWEATHER,  32° Sprague 

*  "  P.  S.  ADMISTON Ellensburg 

*  "  "  THOMAS  M.  REED,  33°,  Gr.  Sec.,  G.  R.  K.  T.... Olympia 
*R.  W.  P.  G.  S.  W.,  JOHN  WEBSTER,  32°  (18) Seattle 

NEVADA. 

W.  ALEXANDER  D.  ROCK,  R.  A.,  Vice-President Eureka 

*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.  JOSEPH  DE  BELL,  32° (Oakland,  Cal.) 

*  "  ROBERT  W.  BOLLEN,  32° (Elsinore.) 

*  "  HORATIO  S.  MASON (Murrietta,  Cal.) 

*  "  "         MICHAEL  A.    MURPHY Carson  City 

*  "  "  HENRY  ROLFE Virginia  City 

"  "  ADOLPH  L.  FITZGERALD,  33°,  P.  G.  H.  P Eureka 

*  "  "  ANDREW  NICHOLS,  K.  T (Los  Angeles,  Cal.) 

*  "  "  MERRILL  P.  FREEMAN,  33°,  (Also  P.  G-  M.  and 

G.  S.  of  Arizona,  Tucson) 

*  "  "        DAVID  E.  BARLEY (San  Diego,  Cal.) 

*  "  ."        HENRY  L.  FISH Reno 

*  "  "         WILLIAM  MCMILLAN Virginia  City 

*  "  "         CHARLES  W.  HINCHCLIFF Austin 

*  "        G.  M.      JOHN  W.  ECKLEY Virginia  City 

*V.    W.    G.    S.     CHAUNCEY  N.  NOTEWARE,  R.  A Carson  City 

"        P.    "        SAMUEL  W.  CHUBBUCK,  K,  T (Oakland,  Cal.) 

*  "  *'        ROBERT  H.  TAYLOR,  K.  T (San  Francisco,  Cal.) 

W.  DANIEL  W.  LEV  AN,  32° Eureka 

W.JOSEPH  R.  KENDALL,  W.  M.  K.  T Hamilton 

W.  FLETCHER  H.  HARMON,  33°,  P.  M.,  (20) Eureka 

IDAHO. 
*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.  JONAS  W.  BROWNE '. Boise  City 

*  "  "  JOHNKENALLY Idaho  City 

*  "  "         EDWARD  A.  STEVENSON Boise  City 

*  "  "         CHARLES  HIMROD " 

*  "  "         FRANCIS  E.  ENSIGN Hailey 

*  "  "        LA  FAYETTE  CARTER Boise  City 


A.  &  A.  S.  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  103 

*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.  GEORGE  H.  DAVIS Boise  City 

*  "  "        JOHN  HUNTER " 

CHESTER  P.  COBURN,  32° Lewiston 

*  "  GEORGE  L.  SHARP Boise  City 

*V.  W.  G.  Sec.  JAMES  H.  WICKERSHAM,  (11) „        " 

MONTANA. 

M.  W.  P.  G.  M.,  HARRY  R.  COMELY,  33°,  K.  T.,  Vice  President,  Helena 
JOHN  J.  HULL 

*  "  "         LEANDER W.  FRARY 

WEBBER  F.  SANDERS Helena 

*  "  "         NATH.  P.SANFORD.. 

*  "  "         CORNELIUS  HEDGES,  33°,  Gr.  Sec Helena 

•*      "  "         JAMES  R.  WESTON Townsend 

*  "  JAMESR.  BOYCE,  Sr Butte 

SOL.  STARR Helena 

EDWARD  S.  STACKPOLE Deer  Lodge 

JULIAN  M.  KNIGHT Virginia  City 

*  "  WM.  A.  CLARKE Deer  Lodge 

*  "  JOHN  STEADMAN Helena 

HIRAM  KNOWLES Deer  Lodge 

*  "  "          GEORGE  W.  MONROE Bozeman 

THOMAS  H.  POMEROY Missoula 

"          ANSOLEM  J.  DAVIDSON Helena 

*  •'  HUGH  DUNCAN Sheridan 

*  "  S.  \V.  LANGSHORNE Bozeman 

*  "  JOSEPH  A.  HYDE,  32° Butte 

SAMUEL  WORD Virginia  City 

JAMES  \V.  HATHAWAY Helena 

ARTHUR  C.  LOGAN^) Miles  City 

WYOMING. 

*M.    W.  P.  G.  M.   X.  R.DAVIS Cheyenne 

WILLIAM  DAILEY Rawlins 

J.  H.  HAYFORD — 

*  "  ROBERT  WILSON 

*  "  K.  P.  SNOW 

J.  K.  JEFFREY 

F.  E.  WILLLAMS — 

F.  E.  ADAMS 

*  "  F.  C.  ADDOMS,  K.  T Cheyenne 

WM.  H.  FoOTE,  33° Ivvanston 

E.  F.  CHENEY Lander 

*  L.  S.  BARNES Laramie 

*V.  W.  G.  Sec.    WM.  L.  KUYKENDALL  (13) Cheyenne 

COLORADO. 
M.  W.  P.  G.  M.  LAWRENCE  X.  GREENLEAF,  33°,  K.  T.  Vice-Pres..Denver 

*  "  "       JOHN  M.  CHIVINGTON ~      " 


104 


BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 


*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.  HENRY  M.  TELLER,  33° Denver 

ARCHIBALD  J.  VANDUS  .N " 

WEBSTER  D.  ANTHONY " 

OREN  H.  HENRY " 

HARPER  M.  ORAHOOD " 

CORNELIUS  J.  HART Pueblo 

ROGER  W.  WOODBURY,  18° Denver 

BYRON  L.  CARR " 

ROBERT  A.  QUILLIAN " 

FRANK  CHURCH " 

ANDREW  SAGENDORF    Cheyenne 

JAMES  H.  PEABODY,  G.  C.  K.  T Canon  City 

WILLIAM  D.  TODD Denver 

GEORGE  E.  WYMAN Longir.ont 

ALBERT  H.  BRANCH  Denver 

GEORGE  H,  KIMBALI Golden 

WM.  T.  BRILWELL Denver 

V.  W.  G.  S.,  EDWARD  C.  PARMELEE,  33°,  G   R.  K.  T Pueblo 

V.  W.  G.  M.   HENRY  TRUCY  WEST,  (22) Greeley 

UTAH. 
*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.  JAMES  LOWE,  32°,  E.  C.  K.  T.,  Vice-President, 

Salt  Lake  City 

LOUIS  COHN >(  " 

CHARLES  W.  BENNETT "  " 

EDWARD  P.  JOHNSON 

JOHN  SHOW  Sco  rr,  G.  T Salt  Lake  City 

THOMAS  E.  CLOHECY "  " 

WILLIAM  F.  TAMES "  " 

PARLEY  L.  WILLIAMS "  " 

SAMUEL  PAUL "  " 

ALHERT  R.  HEYWOOD Ogden 

ARTHUR  M.  GRANT Salt  Lake  City 

*V.  W.  G.  Sec.,    CHRISTOPHER  DIEHL  (12) "  " 

ARIZONA. 
W.  ALEX.  G.  OLIVER,  P.  M.  G.  H.  P.  K.  T.  Vice  President..  Fort  Whipple 

*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.    FRANCIS  A.  SHAW,  K.  T.. Phcenix 

MARTIN  W.  KALES,  32°,  K.  T " 

ANSEL  M.  BRAGG,  32,  R.  A (Los  Angeles,  Cal.) 

BENJAMIN  TITUS,  14° (Lordsburg,  New  Mexico) 

MERRILL  P.  FREEMAN,  33°,  G-  S.  K.  T. 

(P.  G.  M  also  of  Nevada) Tucson 

MORRIS  GOLDWATER,  R.  A Prescott 

GEORGE  J.  ROSKRUG,  32°,  K.  T.,  (8) Tuscon 

NEW  MEXICO. 

W.JOSEPH  V.  COWAN,  W.  M.,  Vice  President Kingston 

*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.    WILLIAM  W.  GRIFFIN,  32° Santa  Fe 

SAMUEL  B.  NEWCOMB,  32° " 

JOHN  B  WOOTEN 

WM.  L.  REYNERSON,  32 Santa  Fe 

HENRY  M.  WALDS,  32° " 

WM.  B.  CHIIDERS,  32° " 

CORNELIUS  W.  BENNETT 

MAX  FROST,  32° Santa  Fe 

W.  S.  HARROUN,  32° " 

ALEX.  H.  MORHEAD,  K.  T Silver  City 

*V.  W.  G.  Sec.    ALPHEUS  A.  KEEN Los  Vegas 

V.  W.  WESTY  PETERSEN,  (13) Kingston 


A.  &  A.  S.  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  105 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA. 

*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.  ISRAEL  W.  POWELL ...Victoria 

"        SIMEON  DUCK 

"        FREDERICK  WILLIAMS 

"         ELI  HARRI  ON,  Sr.  R.  A 

"  HENRY  BROWN,  Gr.  Sec 

EDGAR  C.  BAKER 

"  THOMAS  TROUNCE 

WILLIAM  DALBY 

"       ALEX.  R.  MILNE 

"  H.  E.  HEISTERMAN,  G.  T 

*V.  W.  P.  G.  Sec.  EDWARD  S.  NEWFELDER  (n) 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

*BENJAMIN  DEAN,  33°,  P.  G.  M.  K.  T.  U.  S Boston 

*EDWIN  B.  SPINNEY,  14°,  K.  T.,  Corr.  Sec " 

MARYLAND. 

*W.  WM.  E.  STEUART,  Corr.  Sec Baltimore 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

*ALBERT  PIKE,  33°,  Grand  Com.  Sup.  Con.  S.  J.  U.  S.  A Washington, 

*FRED.  WEBBER,  33°,  Sec.  Gen.  Corr.  Sec 

*PHILIP  HIGHBORN,  32°,  Naval  Constructor,  U.  S.  N " 

VIRGINIA. 

*ROBERT  A.  WITHERS,  33°,  P.  G.  M.  K.  T.  U.  S Richmond 

IOWA. 
*THEODORE  S.  PARVIN,  33°,  P.  G.  M.  P.  G.  Rec.  K.  T.  U.  S... Cedar  Rapids 

LOUISIANA. 

*M.  W.  P.  G.  M.  JOHN  Q.  A.  FELLOWS,  33°,  P.  G.  M.  K.  T.  U.  S., 

New  Orleans 

*  "  "         SAMUEL  M.  TODD,  33°,  K.  T 

*  "  "         JAMES  C.  BATCHELOR,  33°,  Lt.  Gr.  Com. 

Sup.  Con.  S.  J.  U.  S.  Gr.  Sec.  Corr.  Sec 

*RICHARD  LAMBERT,  32°,  Asst.  Gr.  Sec 

*  Honorary  Members. 


tfntt  tttl/vrrt*  In  B  day*  return  to 

John  L.   Pavkovich; 


Estate 


208  W.  FIHST  ST.,  LOS  ANQELES,  CAL. 


OFFICERS 

OF  THE 

Baf  tonal 

OF 

3/Casonic    Veteran   Associations 

OF   THE 

UNITED  STATES. 


Organized     Wednesday    Evening,     October  <?th,   1889,    at    the 

Scottish  Rite  Sanctuary,  corner  of    '1  hird  and  E 

Streets ',     Washington    Lity,   D.    C. 


PAST  PRESIDENT. 
ALBERT   PiKE, Washington  City,  D.  C. 

PRESIDENT. 
CHARGES  E.  MEYER, Philadelphia 

VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

THEOPHILUS  PRATT,  for  the  Atlantic  Division New  York  City 

LA  FAYETTE  VAN  Ci<EVE,  for  the  East  Miss  ssippi  Division,  Cincinnati,  O. 
THEODORE  S.PARVIN,  for  the  West  Mississippi  Division,  Cedar  Rapids,  la. 
EDWIN  A.  SHERMAN,  for  the  Pacific  Division Oakland,  Cal. 

SECRETARY. 
GEORGE  H.  FISH New  York  City,  New  York 

TREASURER. 
A.  T.  LONGlvEY, Washington  City,  D.  C. 


H)a0JDtt0  mt  ffjB  Blrmnfaira, 


[FEOM  THE  VIRGINIA  (NEV.)  TERRITORIAL  ENTERPRISE,  SEPT.  9,  1875.] 

The  meeting:  of  Virginia  Lodge,  No.  3,  upon  the  Top  of  Mt. 

Davidson  —  The  Highest  L,odge  ever  opened  in  the 

United  States,  if  not  in  the  World  —  The  Cause 

of  the  Unusual  Proceeding—  The  Impro- 

vised Altar,  Chairs,  Etc.—  The  Do- 

ings,   Speeches,    Attend- 

ance, Ktc.,  Ktc. 


The  world  has  existed  so  long  that  it  is  difficult  to  do  anything  that  never 
was  done  before.  If  it  be  true  as  alleged,  that  history  repeats  itself,  it  must 
be  equally  true  that  the  actions  of  men  are  repeated,  for  the  record  of  these 
constitute  the  history  of  the  world.  In  this  turning  over  of  the  doings  of  the 
world,  whereby  the  transactions  of  former  years,  when  the  world  was  young, 
are  brought  again,  by  the  revolving  centuries,  to  the  summit  of  action,  so  as 
to  appear  startling  and  new,  it  is  fitting  that  a  land  like  ours,  freshly  won  from 
the  scenes  of  nature,  should  be  the  field  of  that  action.  The  world  was  young 
in  the  arts,  sciences  and  civilization,  if  not  in  years,  when  they  were  first  en- 
acted, and  it  is  eminently  proper  that  they  should  be  reproduced  in  a  land 
where  civilization  is  a  recent  importation,  and  where  the  surroundings  are 
counterparts  of  those  which  existed  in  those  far-off  years. 

A   STEP   IN    THE   REPEATING    HISTORY    OF   THE  WORLD 

Was  taken  by  "Virginia  Lodge,  Xo.  3,  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons"  yester- 
day, and  a  cycle  in  the  history  of  the  world  was  completed.  By  the  burning 
up  of  the  Masonic  Hall  in  this  city  last  May,  the  Brethren  were  deprived  of 
their  place  of  meeting.  They  were  then,  with  others  similarly  situated,  in- 
vited to  the  Odd  Fellows  Hall,  and  were  glad  to  accept  of  the  courtesies  then 
tendered  them.  When  by  the  destructive  fire  of  last  Friday  morning,  they 
were  again  deprived,  with  their  benefactors  and  others,  of  a  place  where  they 
might  congregate,  and  found  themselves,  as  were  many  of  their  ancient 
brethren  in  the  early  days  of  Masonry,  without  a  place  of  meeting  it  occurred 
to  them  to  imitate  those  early  patrons  of  the  art ;  and  as  their  ancient 
brethren  were  wont  to  hold  their  meetings  on  the  tops  of  high  hills  or  in  low 
valleys,  they  resolved  to  hold 

A  LODGE  UPON  THE  MOUNTAIN  TOP. 

The  place  of  meeting  was  certainly  the  strangest  one  of  modern  days. 
The  brethren  of  the  present  day  are  accustomed  to  hold  their  communications 
in  the  upper  chambers,  for  the  better  security  there  afforded,  but  here  was  an 
instance  where  an  original  custom  was  to  be  wedded  to  an  original  rite.  The 
custom  of  meeting  upon  high  hills,  grew  naturally  out  of  the  practice  of  the 
early  Jews,  who  built  their  temples,  schools  and  synagogues  in  conspicuous 
places.  This  seems  to  have  met  in  those  early  days  with  the  approbation  of 
the  Almighty,  for  we  read  in  Ezekiel  where  he  said:  "Upon  the  top  of  the 
mountain,  the  whole  limit  thereof,  shall  be  most  holy."  Before  the  erection 
of  temples  even,  celestial  bodies  were  worshipped  on  hills,  and  terrestrial  ones 
in  valleys.  The  early  Christians,  whenever  it  was  practicable,  erected  their 
churches  on  eminences. 


io8  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

THE  TOP   OF  MOUNT  DAVIDSON 

Is  by  actual  measurement,  seven  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty-seven 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  apex  from  which  the  nag-staff  rises,  is 
one  thousand  six  hundred  and  twenty-two  feet  above  the  level  of  B  Street, 
corner  of  Taylor.  The  summit  is  three  thousand  five  hundred  feet  west  of  the 
city,  so  that  in  a  straight  line  from  B  street,  corner  of  Taylor,  to  the  foot  of 
the  flag-staff,  it  is  a  little  over  three  thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty-seven 
feet,  or  not  far  from  three-quarters  of  a  mile.  But  by  the  traveled  route,  the 
distance  is  long  and  tedious. 

Footmen  can  go  direct  over  the  track  run  by  the  racers.  Horse  and  foot 
can  pass  through  Taylor  street  and  Taylor  Eavine  to  the  ridge,  and  thence  to 
the  summit.  "Bullion  Ravine"  is  passable  for  horsemen,  by  skirting  the  eas- 
tern base  of  the  mountain  and  winding  to  the  west  of  the  peak.  Besides 
these,  there  is  the  route  by  the  way  of  the  Ophir  grade  to  the  top  of  the 
ridge,  to  the  west,  and  thence  back  east  to  the  top.  This  is  the  route  by  which 
the  most  of  the  carriages  made  the  summit  yesterday. 

THE  LODGE. 

Never  since  the  morning  stars  sang  their  lullaby  over  the  cradled  earth 
was  there  a  more  perfect  representation  of  a  Masonic  lodge-room,  than  the  one 
in  which  the  members  of  "Virginia,  No.  3,"  and  their  visiting  brethren  held 
communication  yesterday.  This  existed  not  only  in  the  Charter,  the  Greater 
and  the  Lesser  Lights,  and  the  number  requisite  to  compose  a  Lodge,  but  it 
was  literally  bounded  but  by  the  extreme  points  of  the  compass.  Its  dimen- 
sions from  east  to  west,  embraced  every  clime  from  north  to  south.  Its  cover- 
ing was  no  less  than  the  clouded  canopy ;  and  it  is  only  where  this  is  wanting 
that  the  literal  supports,  the  three  great  pillars  of  Wisdom,  Strength  and  Beauty 
are  needed.  But  metaphorically,  they  were  all  there,  for  where  in  a  lodge-room, 
was  ever  seen  sneh  wisdom  to  contrive,  strength  to  support  and  beauty  te 
adorn?  Verily  it  was  a  meeting  in  the  Temple  of  Deity,  and  the  wisdom, 
strength  and  beauty  which  are  about  His  throne,  were  present  in  the  symme- 
try, order  and  grandeur  of  this  primitive  lodge  room.  It  was  a  lodge  the  di- 
mensions of  which,  like  the  universal  chain  of  the  Order,  included  the  entire 
hnrnan  family.  Upon  the  brow  of  the  mountain,  and  a  little  south  of  the 
flag-staff, 

AN  ALTAR  OF  ROUGH  ASHLARS 

Had  been  improvised,  whereon  rested  the  Three  Great  Lights  of  Masonry. 
Beside  them  stood  the  representatives  of  the  Three  Lesser  Lights.  Rude  chairs 
had  also  been  built  of  rough  granite  for  the  Worshipful  Master,  Senior  and 
Junior  Wardens,  while  the  Deacons  found  ample  accommodation  among  the 
boulders  around.  A  large  "G"  had  been  cut  from  sheet  metal  and  nailed  to 
the  flag-staff.  The  Tyler  was  indeed  in  trouble,  for  in  such  a  place  how  could 
the  lodge  be  duly  tyled  in  accordance  with  modern  usage.  But  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  Worshipful  Master,  a  line  of  pickets,  designated  by  white 
badges  on  their  left  arms,  were  stationed  all  around  the  brow  of  the  summit. 
They  were  near  each  other,  so  that  none  could  pass  or  re-pass  without  per- 
mission. In  that  way  the  approach  of  cowans  and  eaves-droppers  was  effectu- 
ally guarded  against.  On  reaching  the  summit,  the  brethren  busied  them- 
selves with  dispensing  and  partaking  of 

CORN,   WINE  AND   OIL. 

A  bounteous  collation  had  been  prepared  by  the  Lodge,  and  members 
were  mostly  well  provided  with  the  means  of  refreshments,  nourishment  and 
joy.  These  were  dispensed  with  a  liberal  hand.  All  were  welcome  and  par- 
took with  an  appetite  sharpened  by  the  labor  of  the  ascent  and  the  fresh  air, 
which  swept  the  summit  with  a  freedom  known  only  to  Washoe  zephyrs. 
While  all  this  was  going  on,  the  members  of  "Virginia  Lodge,  No.  3."  and 
visiting  brethren  were  engaged  in  registering  their  names. 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE  OF  FREEMASONS  Y.  109 

Instead  of  the  regular  Lodge  register,  large  sheets  of  drawing  paper  had 
been  prepared  to  receive  the  signatures,  with  a  view  to  framing  them  and 
hanging  them  among  the  adornments  of  their  lodge-room  when  it  is  ready  for 
dedication.  This  work  of  obtaining  the  names  of  those  present  took  upward 
of  two  hours.  At  length,  the  hour  of  opening  having  arrived, 

THE  CRAFT  WAS  CALLED  FROM  REFRESMEXT  TO  LABOR 

By  the  sounding  of  the  gavel  in  the  East.  The  task  of  clothing  was  also  a 
tedious  one.  Ample  provision  had  been  made  for  this,  but  some  of  the  breth- 
ren were  compelled  to  improvise  the  emblem  of  innocence  and  badge  of  a 
Mason  by  making  a  white  apron  of  their  pocket  handkerchiefs.  It  was  found 
however,  to  be  impracticable  to  satisfy  the  presiding  officer  that  all  present 
were  Master  Masons,  and  a  special  dispensation  granted  by  Kobert  W.  Bollen, 
Most  "Worshipful  Grand  Master  of  Nevada,  that  the  lodge  be  opened  then  and 
there  without  form,  for  the  regular  transaction  of  business.  The  opening  ode 
was  therefore  sung  by  the  lodge  quartet,  composed  of  Professor  E.  Pasmore, 
George  X.  Eells,  C.  L.  Foster  and  George  W.  Dorwin,  a  brief  prayer  was 
offered  up  by  Rev.  G.  D.  Hammond,  and  the  white  Masonic  flag,  more  ancient 
than  the  Golden  Fleece  or  Roman  Eagle,  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of 
the  world,  displayed  from  the  top  of  Mt.  Davidson.  As  the  wind  unwrapped 
its  folds  and  displayed  the  square,  compass  and  letter  G  emblazoned  thereon, 
it  was  greeted  with  three  cheers  and  a  tiger  that  must  have  been  heard  for 
miles  around. 

THE  LODGE  WAS  THEN  DECLARED  DULY  OPENED. 

The  following  officers  being  present — to  wit: 

ALBERT  HIRES Worshipful  Master 

ALEXANDER  DVXN Senior   Warden 

CHARLES  HARPER Junior  Warden 

GEORGE  II.  DANA Treasurer 

G.  F.  FORD , Secretary 

PHILIP  SKLDXER Senior  Deacon 

JOHN  CAMERON Junior  Deacon 

JOHN  FARNSWORTH  \  0, 

W.  P.  BLIGHT  / Stewards 

J.  A.  McQuARRiE Marshal 

C.  L.  FISHER (  haplain 

E.  J.  PASMORE Organist 

E.  S.  KINCAID Tyler 

THOMAS  P.  JONES,  E.  CHAMBERLAIN,  ALEXANDER  G.  COWAN, 
JAMES  W.  SILL,  JOHN  ABBOTT,  WILLIAM  J.  MCMILLAN,  DAVID 
L.  JONES,  G.  W.  ROBERTSON,  J.  H.  DYER  and  T.  X.  GOYETTE 

Sentinels 

It  will  not  be  amiss  in  this  connection  to  state  that 

THK  JEWELS   WORN 

By  the  officers  of  the  Lodge  have  just  been  subjected  to  a  fiery  ordeal.  They 
were  made  of  Ophir  Bullion  in  the  year  1863,  at  the  order  of  the  late  Colonel 
W.  H.  Howard  and  by  him  presented  to  the  Lodge.  Their  cost  was  $500. 
They  were  saved  from  the  destruction  which  laid  waste  the  Masonic  Hall  in 
the  early  summer,  but  the  fire  of  last  Friday  morning  found  them  in 
the  hall  of  the  Odd  Fellows  where  the  Lodge  met  after  being  burned  out. 
They  were  mourned  over  as  lost,  but  were  finally  dug  out  of  the  ashes  nearly 
perfect,  but  a  single  one  being  missing.  Some  of  those  recovered  have  had 
portions  melted  away,  but  there  is  enough  left  to  show  the  original  design  and 
to  carry  the  identity  on  down  to  future  generations.  There  were  also  present  at 
the  opening,  the  following 

GRAND    OFFICERS. 

ROBERT  W.  BOLLEN M.    W.  Grand  Master 

J.  M.  McGiNNis W.  Grand  Marsha 


no  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

\ 

PAST  GRAND   OFFICERS. 

J.  C.  CTTRRIE      1  D    ,  ,-,        , 

G.  W.  HOPKIN.  ,  Past  Grand 

K.  T.  MULLARD Past  Deputy  Grand  Master 

C.  F.  BRANT Past  Senior  Grand  Warden 

R.  H.  TAYLOU Past  Grand  Secretary 

The  Lodge  being  informally  opened,  several  ladies  who  had  made  the 
ascent  were  admitted,  as  were  also  several  children,  among  them  two  of  the 
Hon.  C.  E.  De  Long,  together  with  their  Japanese  attendant. 

Past  Grand  Master  J.  C.  Currie  then  introduced  Robert  W.  Bollen,  Most 
Worshipful  Grand  Master  of  Nevada,  who  was  invited  by  the  Master  to  accept 
the  chair  and  preside  over  the  Lodge.  The  invitation  was  accepted.  In  taking 
the  chair,  the  Most  Worshipful  Grand  Master  thanked  the  Brethren  for  the 
honor  conferred  upon  him.  He  had  been  twenty-eight  years  a  member  of  the 
fraternity  but  that  was  the  happiest  moment  of  his  life.  He  then  alluded  to 
the  custom  of  the  ancient  brethren  to  meet  on  high  hillsor  in  low  valleys.  "Vir- 
ginia Lodge  No.  3,"  had  ascended  the  mountain  and  given  rise  to  the  great 
occasion  by  opening  a  lodge  higher  than  any  opened  in  the  United  States. 

The  Grand  Master  then  gave  accounts  of  some  preliminary  meetings 
which  have  been  held  on  the  Coast  on  the  top  of  the  hills.  He  spoke  of  one 
near  Ragtown,  where  the  brethren  had  come  together  in  that  way  to  raise 
money  and  provisions  for  suffering  immigrants,  and  over  which  he  had  the 
honor  to  preside.  He  also  mentioned  a  similar  gathering  in  Eureka,  in  1851, 
and  at  Auburn,  California.  He  also  gave  the  account  of  another  preliminary 
meeting  held  in  that  way,  when  the  first  three  degrees  ever  conferred  in  the 
lodge  were  conferred  on  a  hill. 

But  none  of  these  were  gatherings  like  the  present,  and  he  thanked  the 
Brethren  that  he  had  been  called  upon  to  preside  over  their  deliberations. 

The  Lodge  being  opened  for  the  transaction  of  business,  a  petition  was 
read,  received  and  referred. 

A  communication  was  also  presented,  in  which  Bishop  Whitaker  offered 
to  the  Lodge  the  use  of  the  school  room  belonging  to  St.  Paul's  Church,  in 
which  to  meet.  The  communciation  was  ordered  on  file  and  the  thanks  of  the 
Lodge  tendered  in  return. 

Bills  were  presented  and  referred. 

J.  C.  Currie  of  the  Committee  on  Resolutions  in  regard  to  the  death  of 
Brother  Thomas  Sheehan  presented  his  report. 

This  closed  the  regular  order  of  business.  Under  the  head  "The  good  of 
Masonry," 

THE  HON.  C.  E.  DE  LONG 

was  called  for  and  responded  very  happily — the  following  brief  sketch  of  his 
remarks  not  doing  him  justice: 

He  had  only  just  been  apprised  of  the  fact  that  the  Brother  who  was  ex- 
pected to  talk  to  the  Brethren  was  not  present.  Mr.  De  Long  alluded  to  the 
fact  that  events  however  unimportant  in  themselves,  and  considered  trifling  at 
the  time,  not  unfrequently  marked  great  epochs  in  the  world's  history.  The 
events  of  the  day,  although  considered  but  the  events  of  a  holiday,  would  be 
a  marked  epoch  in  Masonry.  The  speaker  pictured  forcibly  the  rise  and  fall 
of  nations.  It  was  the  pride  and  glory  of  the  Craft  that  it  had  survived  the 
fall  of  governments  and  all  the  changes  of  the  moving  world. 

They  were  assembled  beneath  the  all-seeing  eye  of  Him  who  is  the  Grand 
Architect  of  the  Universe,  and  it  behooved  each  brother  with  that  light  shin- 
ing into  his  heart,  to  ask  himself  if  he  was  living  true  to  the  tenets  of  the  Order, 
and  to  the  lessons  taught  in  the  lodge-room. 


A.  &  A.   S.   RITE   OF  FREEMASONRY,  m 

Mr.  I  eLong  sketched  the  surroundings  within  which  they  had  erected 
their  altar.  Beneath  them  was  the  wealth  of  Ophir,  and  around  them  the 
tumult  of  trade.  The  earth  seemed  cursed  and  rendered  an  unfit  dwelling 
place  for  n.an,  but  it  was  to  be  redeemed  through  the  intelligence  of  man,  and 
each  had  a  part  to  perform  in  the  work.  The  speaker  told  how  in  Japan  he 
had  assisted  in  welding  the  link  in  Masonry  which  made  the  chain  complete 
around  the  world.  Up  to  that  time,  there  had  been  one  land  where  the  Order 
was  not  known.  Now  there  was  none.  Masonry  belted  the  globe.  The  lights 
of  the  altar  had  been  lighted,  and  now  there  were  six  lodges  in  the  Empire  and 
the  Order  was  rapidly  spreading. 

Colonel  K.  H.  Taylor  was  then  called  for,  and  responded  by  reading  the 
following  poem: 

The  Lord  unto  the  Prophet  said, 

"Upon  the  mountain's  topmost  round, 
Farjas  the  breezy  limits  spread, 
Shall  be  most  holy  ground." 

'Neath  God's  blue  dome  on  lofty  hills 

Whose  crests  first  catch  the  morning  heat— 

Whose  bights  the  evening  glory  fills — 
The  Craft  was  wont  to  meet. 

There,  far  above  the  busy  mart, 

And  from  its  care  and  turmoil  free, 
They  learned  the  lessons  of  the  heart 

To  "work"  and  to  "agree." 

Oh,  sacred  hills  of  olden  time, 

Whose  hoary  crags  resist  the  gale, 
Ye  have  a  history  sublime 

That  ages  cannot  pale. 

•  Again  to-day,  the  sons  of  light, 

As  did  their  sires  of  olden  days, 
•    Upon  the  mountain's  dizzy  hight, 
Their  mystic  banner  raise. 

Again  above  the  busy  marts. 

Where  human  feet  have  seldom  trod, 
We  raise  our  voices  and  our  hearts 

In  reverence  to  God. 

Almighty  Father!  by  whose  will 

The  mountains  rise  and  worlds  do  move, 

Thy  blessings  grant,  descend  and  fill 
Each  Mason's  heart  with  love. 

Mr.  Edwin  A.  Sherman  was  called  out  and  spoke  briefly  to  the  point.  He 
recounted  instances  in  the  early  days  of  California  when  the  brethren  met  on 
hills.  It  was  a  peculiar  and  significant  circumstance  that  to-day  they  were 
assembled  around  the  summit  of  Mount  Davidson.  David's  son  was  Solomon, 
our  Most  Ancient  Grand  Master. 

The  speaker  spoke  of  the  three  first  lodges  established  in  California  and 
their  uniting  in  establishing  the  Grand  Lodge  of  that  State,  the  parent  of 
Virginia  Lodge  No.  3,  which  had  that  day  consecrated  the  top  of  the  moun- 
tain as  their  lodge  room. 

A  speech  was  made  by  General  Williams,  in  which  the  past  of  some  of  the 
members  of  the  Order  were  graphically  and  feelingly  sketched.  K.  M.  Dag- 
gett,  after  repeated  calls,  responded  by  taking  out  his  watch  and  carefully  no- 
ting the  time.  It  was  4:30  o'clock.  It  would  take  him  an  hour  and  a  half  to 
get  down.  He  made  his  point,  and  brought  his  remarks  to  a  close  by  saying, 
"I  have  nothing  against  any  brother  here,  so  help  me  God!" 

Messrs  Currie  and  Hopkins  were  called  out,  and  responded  briefly.  The 
point  of  Brother  Daggett's  remarks  had  cut  short  all  long-winded  speeches, 
if  any  had  been  contemplated. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  DeLong,  a  vote  of  thanks  was  tendered  to  General 
J.  B.  Winter,  for  starting  the  movement  which  had  resulted  in  the  meeting 
on  the  mountain. 


BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 


A  touching  prayer  was  then  offered  by  Rev.  S.  P.  Kelly.  "Old  Lang 
Syne"  was  sung  in  full  chorus  by  all  present,  and  the  lodge  was  then  declared 
closed  in  ample  form. 

The  register  showed  the  following 

MEMBERS  OF  VIRGINIA  LODGE,  No.  3. 


E.  Strother, 

J.  E.  Terp, 

J.  P.  Smith, 

L.  H.  Torp, 

Colin  L.  Foster, 

R.  Andrews, 

Thomas  Cooper,  * 

C.  L.  Fisher, 

Alex.  Dunn, 

James  Singleton, 

Henry  Piper, 

T.  H.  Goyette, 

M.  J.  Henley, 

Win.  Alaver, 

J.  P.  Hutch  inson, 

A.  V.  Comstock, 

Wm.  B.  Hickok, 

A.J.Wren, 

H.  P  Kearns, 

B.  M.  Townsend, 

F.  Martell, 

C.  M.  Laurence, 

B.  Galligan, 

F.  M.  Thayer, 

John  T.  Harnbly, 

J.  R.  Wood, 

L.  Rawlings, 

Benj.  Williams, 

Robert  Laird, 

John  C.  Lillie, 

Edward  Cox, 

Theodore  Wolff; 

John  S.  Ryno, 

D.  L.  Jones, 

Samuel  Platt, 

S.  B.  Legur, 

A.  B.  C.  Davis, 

M.  E.  Glover, 

H.  S.  Beck, 

William  Brown, 

Jacob  Morris, 

M.  Mygatt, 

E.  Jackson, 

Wm.  McMillan, 

John  Abbott, 

J.  W.  llemenway, 

John  Evans, 

J.  D.  De  St.  Croix, 

George  W.  Dorwin, 

C.  E.  DeLong, 

Wm.  J.  Smyth, 

V.  Jones, 

Lee  McGown, 

R.  Andrews, 

Wales  Averill, 

J.  W.  Booth, 

Mark  Brown, 

R.  M.  Daggett, 

J.  H.  Dyer, 

Benj.  P.  Smith, 

F.  C.  Bishop, 

William  Box, 

G.  Stevens, 

T.  M.  Adams, 

Wm.  R.  King, 

W.  G.  Thompson, 

G   W.  Hammer, 

John  Evans. 

VISITING  BRETHREN. 

F.  C.  Lord, 

G.  F.  Hayward, 

J.  C.  Laurence, 

T.  H.  Flagler, 

A.  J.  Banker, 

I.  M.  Thaxton, 

E.  Chamberlin, 

I.  S.  Burson, 

Alfred  Troude, 

J.  M.  Hick  man, 

J.  B.  Conrad, 

D.  Edmonds, 

JL  Donnelly, 

G.  W.  Cook, 

T.  H.  Whister, 

E.  M.  Long, 

J.  S.  Adams, 

Joseph  Guess, 

H.  S.  Bromley, 

Henry  Lux, 

Thos.  Morrison, 

A.  Clark, 

J.  S.  Coxter, 

E.  S.  Benner, 

J.  B.  Braslau, 

J.  J.  Alexander, 

John  B.  Winters, 

•E.  A.  SHERMAN, 

D.  Harrington, 

H.  A.  Clawson, 

Wm.  Collicutt, 

D.W.  Mclntosh,      . 

G.  H.  McKey, 

Wm.  M.  Laforce, 

M.  Banner, 

Wm.  Wallace, 

J.  H.  Molkembahr, 

A.  T.  Hampton, 

George  W.  Hopkins, 

A.  L.  Murphy, 

D.  Skerry, 

R.  H.  Taylor, 

G.  W.  Robertson, 

H.  J.  T.  Scheel, 

Sam.  Owen, 

•G.  H.  Winterburn, 

D.  McNaught, 

L.  Lobenstein, 

A.  M.  Kruttschmitt, 

R.  Baird, 

A.  D.  Ritchof, 

Wm.  Nelson, 

T.  A.  Atkinson, 

S.  J.  Blair, 

•George  Faull, 

J.  R.  Cowan, 

Prosper  Bruley, 

J.  D.  Hammond, 

C.  W.  Toger, 

T.  Deignau, 

I.  Z.  Kelley, 

W.  McKeighan, 

J.  McCain, 

T.  McGovern, 

Bob.  Marshall, 

Wm.  McCrum, 

Paul  Jones, 

John  J.  Oswald, 

J.  F.  Lewis, 

A.  Thompson, 

F.  V.  Drake, 

W.  W.  Dunlap, 

S.  P.  Kelley, 

J.  H.  Heilshorn, 

Wilson  King, 

J.  Wellington, 

M.  A.  Macdonald, 

T.  Tully, 

Wm.  J.  Pendray, 

J.  D.  Horking, 

W.  H.  Kneebone, 

J.  Chegwidden, 

J.  S.  Ingraham, 

S.  J.  Walker, 

A.  &  A.  S.  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY. 


A.  G.  Cowan, 

C.  F.  Brant, 

Henry  Tonkin, 

E.  Springsted, 

E.  D.  Williams, 

M.  W.  Hassett, 

J.  G.  McKenzie, 

T.  H.  Williams, 

Joseph  Sparks, 

R.  J.  Peters, 

John  Lentz, 

John  Horking, 

Wm.  Avery, 

Joseph  Mitchell, 

John  Riley, 

P.  J.  Aiken, 

Edw.  Conradt, 

W.  J.  Westerfield, 

H.  Falk, 

Thos.  Penrose, 

W.  J.  Williams, 

Ananias  May, 

Charles  V.  Boisot, 

J.  B.  Shay, 

A.  H.  W.  Creigh, 

W.  F.  Alexander, 

L.  O.  Templeton, 

A.  L.  Murphv, 

George  S.  Johnson, 

J.  B.  Marshall, 

I.  F.  Berrv, 

J.  H.  Ellsworth, 

B.  H.  Lentz, 

A.  J.  Banker, 

Peter  Turnob, 

Evan  David, 

John  Canning, 

Sam.  P.  Kelly, 

G.  W.  Hammond, 

John  H.  Shermieo, 

W.  H.  Mitchell, 

J.  C.  Turner, 

William  Mill, 

J.  R.  Jacoby, 

Charles  Glover, 

Robert  Thomas, 

John  Wilson, 

J.  H.  Hubbs, 

John  R.  Lowe, 

E.  R.  Edge, 

E.  W.  Adams, 

S.  B.  Ferguson, 

H.  M.  Cameron, 

Frank  D.  Turner, 

W.  D.  Sutherlin, 

S.  B.  Connor, 

J.  W.  Van  Zandt, 

F.  F.  Osbiston, 

Paul  T.  Kirby, 

Chas.  F.  HofTinan, 

J.  D.  Weddorf, 

John  H.  Britman, 

J.  D.  Del  sort, 

S.  X.  Snvder, 

O.  B.  McDonald, 

E.  D.  Williams, 

John  Hewitt, 

Simon  Davis, 

S.  W.  Grant, 

James  Jewell, 

W.  W.  Filkins, 

E.  D.  Kitzmeyer, 

Hugh  Halligan, 

T.  W.  McCready, 

S.  Zenovich, 

Wm.  Garhart, 

Jas.  Chegwidden, 

Richard  Cook, 

E.  Bloomfield, 

Robert  Hayes, 

F.  H.  Packer, 

Wm.  L.  Ames, 

Wm.  Vardy, 

Jacob  Waite, 

Joseph  Agortini, 

Albert  Werner, 

H.  O.  Smith, 

Joseph  Halleck, 

A.  D.  Praxnin, 

John  Chapman, 

J.  D.  Kenney, 

Charles  Thompson, 

G.  N.  Eel  Is, 

Geo.  L.  Porter, 

John  B.  Fegan, 

Geo.  B.  Allen, 

L.  G.  Chapman, 

C.  .A.  Washington, 

Edwin  Frolick, 

S.  Longabaugh, 

John  Cauble, 

J.  A.  Hoher, 

Thos.  Frellian, 

B.  J.  Wakefield, 

James  Ryan, 

S.  T.  Leebes, 

Jos.  Cornelius, 

J.  W.  Sill, 

J.  P.  Rugg, 

C.  C.  McLnughlin, 

John  Deman, 

W.  A.  Perkins, 

R.  Brown, 

Desiro  Rerieo, 

George  Clark, 

J.  C.  Bebcher, 

Adam  Gunn, 

W.  H.  Gidlow, 

II.  B.  Fay, 

J.  Portman, 

H.  C.  Jacobson, 

W.  P.  Workley, 

N.  G.  Kinney," 

Alex.  Picken. 

J.  H.  Matthewson, 

B.  I.  Turman, 
Wm.  Webber, 
Geo.  B.  McLean, 
Robert  Keifer, 
L.  M.  Coffin, 

E.  Mortensen, 
George  Duprey, 
Sam.  H.  Birtle, 
Wm.  Erskin, 
J.  Gates, 

Wm.  H.  Bennetts, 
James  Parker, 
Thomas  E.  Jones, 
R.  M.  Elliott, 

C.  H.  Golding, 
Sol.  Noel, 

G.  D.  Kend, 
A.  H.  Hoi  lister, 
J.  C.  Coulter, 
Matthew  Elliott, 

D.  S.  Dow, 
Horatio  Collins, 
John  T.  Reardon, 
Wm.  H.  Cloud, 
Geo.  W.  Williams, 

A.  C.  Freeman, 
James  P.  Nelson, 
O.  Lavigne, 

D.  D.  Donovan, 
C.  S.  Mott, 
J.  M.  Campbell, 
Peter  Daley, 
George  Rook, 

C.  N.  Collins, 

D.  Stalker, 
John  T.  Brey, 
Henry  Faull, 

E.  P.  Lovejoy, 

B.  Benson, 
B.  W.  Guild, 
W.  H.  Curnon, 
Thomas  Farsen, 
George  H.  Warren, 
E.  B.  Stonehill, 

H.  B.  Loom  is, 
R.  G.  Westerman, 
George  Keightley, 
Henry  Rolfo, 
Peter  Frost, 
John  G.  Young, 
J.  H.  Bartlett, 
W.  D.  Husk, 


U4  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

B.  A.  Bulm,  James  Lynch,  T.  J.  Hodgkinson, 

John  F.  Perry,  James  Morris,  Henry  Green, 

L.  C.  Wiggins,  J.  C.  McDonald,  Wm.  Sutherland, 

W.  H.  Smith,  Fred  Harper,  J.  D.  Dessert, 

E.  H.  Jeffs,  .      E.  M.  G.  Stewart,  Richard  Saiu, 

Boaz  D.  Pike,  W.  Whittley,  John  Carpenter, 

James  Bullen,  S.  H.  Goddard,  Wm.  Trounce. 
By  the  visitors  named  above  were  the  following 

STATES  AND  COUNTRIES  REPRESENTED: 

New  York,  California,  West  Virginia,  Kansas,  Michigan,  Utah,  Missouri, 
Iowa,  Wisconsin,  Maine,  Colorado,  New  Jersey,  Washington,  District  of  Col- 
umbia, England,  Scotland,  Minnesota,  Massachusetts,  Oregon,  Washington 
Territory,  Virginia,  Nova  Scotia,  North  Carolina,  Nebraska,  Pennsylvania, 
Illinois,  Canada  West,  Idaho,  New  Zealand  and  Kentucky. 

UP   AND  DOWN   AND  MOUNTAIN. 

The  members  of  the  Masonic  Fraternity,  presented  a  fantastic  appearance 
as  they  gathered  and  started  for  the  top  of  Mount  Davidson,  yesterday. 
About  seven  o'clock  in  the  morning  a  commissary  wagon  was  sent  up  by  the 
Ophir  grade.  At  eleven  o'clock  the  teams  began  to  collect  their  loads  and 
go.  The  vehicles  were  not  allowed  to  run  light,  every  nook  and  corner  being 
crammed  with  something  satisfying  to  the  demands  of  the  inner  man.  Then 
came  the  footman  and  the  equestrians.  From  that  hour  till  two  p.  M., 
groups  could  be  seen  on  foot  and  horseback  going  for  the  bights,  and  at  all 
points,  intermediate  between  the  city  and  flag-staff  By  the  aid  of  the  glasses 
on  the  top,  the  anxious  gazers  in  Virginia  City  and  Gold  Hill  were  plainly 
discernable.  When  the  exercises  were  closed,  a  regular  scamper  commenced 
down  the  mountain.  Most  came  down  by  Taylor  ravine,  some  by  Bullion 
ravine  and  not  a  few  enjoyed  the  beautiful  ride  over  the  Orphir  grade.  Taken 
altogether,  it  was  a  remarkable  day.  Very  few  mishaps  were  experienced  in 
going  up  and  down  the  mountain.  Occasionally,  a  bottle  of  water  would  come 
in  contact  with  a  stone  and  the  contents  be  lost,  and  wrecks  of  unappropriated 
lunches  were  not  unfrequently  encountered  on  the  way  down.  But  no  serious 
accident  occurred,  and  all  seemed  happy  in  the  event  and  contented  with  the 
result.  Those  who  participated  have  a  rare  experience,  which  will  yield  them 
a  life-long  satisfaction. 

The  multitude  yesterday  upon  the  mountain,  were  greatly  indebted  to  Mr. 
Mackey  for  the  thoughtful  and  timely  donation  of  one  hundred  and  fifty 
pounds  of  ice,  which  he  hired  toted  to  the  top,  on  the  backs  of  two  China- 
mens'  mules.  These  mules  were  afterwards  stationed  between  the  flag-staff 
and  the  city,  and  may  have  been  mistaken  by  near-sighted  individuals  for 
true  Masonic  goats. 

MASONIC  BUILDING   ASSOCIATION. 

Before  the  members  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  were  called  to  order  yes- 
terday, Mayor  Currie  and  Secretary  Hopkins  invited  those  wishing  to  come 
forward  and  subscribe  to  the  capital  stock  of  the  Masonic  Building  Associa- 
tion. The  brethren  responded  quite  liberally,  considering  the  times.  Many 
of  them  had  already  subscribed,  and  the  others  took  about  seven  hundred 
shares  yesterday.  There  are  but  two  thousand  shares  in  all.  Forty  per  cent, 
of  the  subscription  will  be  called  for  about  the  first  of  October,  and  then  the 
balance  will  be  paid  in  installments.  The  stock  will  pay  from  one  to  one 
and  a  half  percent,  per  month.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  Trustees  to  have 
the  building  ready  to  be  occupied  by  January  first. 

RELIC   SEEKERS. 

The  gathering  yesterday  around  the  flag-staff  on  the  top  of  Mount 
Davidson  was  not  without  its  characteristics.  One  most  conspicuously  dis- 
played, was  that  of  relic  gathering.  Before  the  altar — which  had  been  rudely 


A.  &  A.  S.  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  115 

improvised — had  been  consecrated,  these  seekers  for  keepsakes  of  the  occa-' 
sion,  commenced  a  regular  onslaught  upon  the  stones  composing  it,  and  vast 
quantities  were  pocketed  and  carried  off.  All  seemed  to  consider  it  a  rare 
occurrence,  such  as  was  never  known  in  this  country,  if  in  the  world,  and 
doubtless  Frederick  will  be  called  upon  to  carve  many  a  keystone  out  of  the 
granite  which  was  embodied  in  the  rough  ashlars  of  the  rude  altar  harshly 
constructed  on  the  top  of  the  mountain  and  yesterday  consecrated  to  the 
mystic  art. 

It  was  very  noticeable  yesterday  on  the  mountain,  that  some  of  the  gazers 
at  the  beautiful  scenery  were  not  content  with  the  grandeur  opened  up  by  the 
aid  of  telescopes  and  double-barrel  eye-helpers,  and  were  now  and  then  look- 
ing through  the  bottoms  of  tumblers,  bottles  and  the  like,  with  the  most  pro- 
found satisfaction. 


AN   INTERESTING   EVENT. 

A  notable  event  in  the  Masonic  history  of  Nevada — we  may  say  in  the 
United  States — occurred  near  the  city  yesterday.  After  the  destruction  of 
their  hall  by  fire,  the  Masons  met  for  some  time  in  the  Lodge-room  of  the  Odd 
Fellows  in  the  Odd  Fellows'  Building.  This  was  likewise  destroyed  by  fire  a 
few  days  ago,  leaving  the  Order  without  an  appropriate  place  of  meeting.  In 
this  emergency  the  Master  of  "Virginia  Lodge,  No.  3."  in  imitation  of  a  cus- 
tom of  the  Craft  in  ancient  times,  called  a  meeting  of  his  Lodge  on  the  sum- 
mit of  Mount  Davidson  yesterday  afternoon.  Over  three  hundred  members 
of  the  Order  were  in  attendance.  When  it  is  considered  that  the  top  of 
Mount  Davidson  is  seven  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty-seven  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  and  nearly  seventeen  hundred  feet  above  Virginia  City, 
the  significance  of  this  large  convocation  will  be  appreciated.  The  summit 
of  the  mountain  is  a  pointed  mass  of  broken  granite,  yet  almost  upon  the  very 
apex  a  rude  altar  of  stone  was  erected,  and  around  it  gathered  over  three 
hundred  Masons,  who,  in  the  heat  of  the  mid-day  sun,  had  toiled  up  the  rug- 
ged mountain  side  to  witness  the  opening  of  a  Masonic  Lodge  at  a  place  so 
unusual;  and  there,  overlooking  a  city  of  twenty  thousand  people,  the  lodge 
was  opened  partially  in  form,  and  its  regular  business  transacted.  From  the 
summit  of  the  mountain,  the  country  for  a  radius  of  perhaps  a  hundred  miles 
on  every  side  is  visible,  with  its  towns,  lakes,  mountains,  valleys,  hoisting- 
works,  quartz-mills  and  railroads.  This  view  is  one  of  the  grandest  in  the 
State,  and  the  gathering  yesterday  was  in  the  eye  of  every  Mason  present, 
scarcely  less  grand  than  the  surroundings. 

As  the  lodge  was  opened,  the  white  emblem  of  the  Order  was  thrown  to 
the  breeze,  from  the  flag-staff  on  the  summit,  and  the  cheers  that  greeted  it 
must  have  been  heard  in  the  valleys  below.  Music,  speeches  and  a  bountiful 
repast  for  all,  enlivened  the  proceedings,  and  at  five  o'clock,  or  a  few  minutes 
earlier,  the  concourse  wended  their  way  down  the  mountain  side.  Members 
of  the  Order  were  in  attendance  from  Gold  Hill,  Silver  City,  Dayton  and 
Carson,  and  so  impressed  were  all  present  with  the  grandeur  and  solemnity 
of  the  occasion,  that  the  rude  altar  was  almost  chipped  in  pieces,  to  be  pre- 
served as  mementoes  of  an  event  so  unusual  in  the  annals  of  the  Order.  It 
is  probable  that  a  Mason's  Lodge  was  never  before  opened  in  the  United 
States  at  so  great  an  elevation — certainly  never  upon  so  prominent  a  point  in 
the  light  of  day.  The  occasion  will  long  be  remembered,  not  only  by  those 
present,  but  by  the  people  of  Storey  County.  In  our  local  columns  will  be 
seen  a  detailed"  account  of  what  occurred,  together  with  a  full  list  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Order  present. 

NOTE.— As  the  compiler  of  this  work  was  an  active  participant  in  the  above  event 
and  desirous  that  its  record  shall  be  preserved  in  book  form,  he  has  here  inserted  it 
for  the  benefit  of  all  whose  names  are  therein  enrolled  as  being  present,  as  well  as  a 
matter  of  great  interest  to  the  Craft  in  .sreneral.  At  that  time  he  was  the  City  Sur- 
veyor of  Gold  Hill,  as  well  as  a  United  States  Deputy  Surveyor  and  a  member  ot  Silver 
Star  I/>dge,  No.  5,  at  Gold  Hill,  at  that  time.  He,  with  the  assistance  of  Bro.  Geo.  w. 


ri6  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

Dorwin,  (now  of  Melrose,  California,)  surveyed  the  Sacred  Square,  in  which  the  lodge 
was  held  and  consecrated  the  altar  with  the  corn,  the  wine  and  the  oil,  which  he  took 
up  with  him. 

The  full  account  as  it  appeared  in  the  Territorial  Enterprise ,  was  printed  on  paper 
handkerchiefs,  satin,  silk  and  linen,  by  the  thousands  at  the  time,  exhausting  the  dry 
good  stores,  whose  merchantownershad  to  send  to  San  Francisco  to  get  fresh  supplies. 
These  uniquely  printed  copies  were  sent  to  Grand  Lodges  throughout  the  world  and 
even  to  the  Lodge  at  Jerusalem  and  thousands  of  other  Lodges  and  Masons  besides. 
The  silk  handkerchiefs  upon  which  the  account  appeared,  are  treasured  as  memen- 
toes, some  of  which  are  framed  and  adorn  the  halls  and  homes  of  the  Brethren  to 
•which  they  have  been  dispersed. 

Past  Grand  Masters  J.  C.  Currie  and  Geo.  W.  Hopkins  have  crossed  over  to  the 
o}her  side  of  the  Dark  River,  and  the  majority  of  those  now  living,  who  then  partici- 
pated, are  residing  in  California,  among  them,  Past  Grand  Master  Robert  W.  Bollen, 
at  Elsinore,  in  San  Diego  County,  Past  Deputy  Grand  Master  Richard  T.  Mullard,  at 
Los  Angeles,  and  Past  Grand  Secretary  R.  H.  Taylor,  the  Poet  of  the  occasion,  at  San 
Francisco,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law.  The  memory  of  that  interesting  event 
will  live  until  the  last  survivor  of  those  there  present  shall  have  been  called  to  eter- 
nal refreshment  in  that  Grand  Lodge  above;  but  Mount  Davidson  will  be  known 
among  the  Craft  as  the  "Mountain  of  the  Lord,"  and  the  grandest  altar  of  Freema- 
sonry built  by  the  Supreme  Architect  of  the  Universe  himself,  its  solid  base  girdled 
with  bands  of  gold  and  silver,  and  sparkling  with  its  gems  of  crystal  quartz,  its  altar 
cloth  in  winter,  the  purest  snowy  mantle  spread  over  it  by  heaven  itself,  while  the 
blazing  sun,  the  silvery  moon  and  the  glittering  stars  shall'be  its  greater  and  lesser 
lights  to  shine  upon  if,  as  long  as  the  earth  shall  be  used  as  a  trestle-board  by  the 
Craft. 


Ghargeg  of  a  freemason. 


Extracted  from  the  Ancient  Records  of  Lodges  beyond  sea 
and  of  those  in  Knglaiicl,  Scotland  and  Ireland,  for 
the   nse  of  the    Lodges  in  Condon.     To  toe 
read  at  the  making  of  ^tew  Breth- 
ren, or  when  the  Master  shall 
order   it.* 


THE  GENERAL  HEADS,  viz:— 

I.  Of  GOD  and  RELIGION. 

II.  Of  the  CIVIL  MAGISTRATE.  Supreme  and  Subordinate. 

III.  Of  LODGES. 

IV.  Of  MASTERS,  WARDENS,  FELLOWS  and  APPRENTICES. 
V.  Of  the  management  of  the  CRAFT  in  working. 

VI.  Of  BEHAVIOR,  viz: — 

1.  In  the  Lodge  while  CONSTITUTED. 

2.  After  the  Lodge  is  over  and  the  BRETHREN  not  gone. 

3.  When  Brethren  meet  without  STRANGERS,  but  not  in  a  LODGE. 

4.  In  presence  of  STRANGERS  NOT  MASONS. 

5.  At  HOME  and  in  the  NEIGHBORHOOD. 

6.  Toward  a  STRANGE  BROTHER. 

I.    CONCERNING  GOD  AND  RELIGION. 

A  Mason  is  obliged  by  his  tenure,  to  obey  the  moral  law;  and  if  he  rightly 
understands  the  art  he  will  never  be  a  stupid  atheist  nor  an  irreligious  liber- 
tine. But  though  in  ancient  times  Masons  were  charged  in  every  country  to  be 
of  the  religion  of  that  country  or  nation,  whatever  it  was,  it  it  now  thought 
more  expedient  only  to  oblige  them  to  that  religion  in  which  all  men  agree, 
leaving  their  particular  opinions  to  themselves;  that  is,  to  be  e;ood  men  and 
true,  or  men  of  honor  and  honesty,  by  whatever  denominations  or  persuasions 
they  may  be  distinguished;  whereby  Masonry  becomes  the  center  of  union, 
and  the  means  of  conciliating  true  friendship  among  persons  that  must  have 
remained  at  a  perpetual  distance. 

II.    OF  THE  CIVIL  MAGISTRATE,  SUPREME  AND  SUBORDINATE. 

A  Mason  is  a  peaceable  subject  to  the  civil  powers  wherever  he  resides  or 
works,  and  is  never  to  be  concerned  in  plots  and  conspiracies  against  the  peace 
and  welfare  of  the  nation,  nor  to  behave  himself  undutifully  to  inferior  magis- 
trates; for  as  Masonry  hath  always  been  injured  by  war,  bloodshed  and  confu- 
sion, so  ancient  kings  and  princes  have  been  much  disposed  to  encourage  the 
craftsmen,  because  of  their  peaceableness  and  loyalty,  whereby  they  practically 
answered  the  cavils  of  their  adversaries,  and  promoted  the  honor  of  the  Fra- 
ternity, who  ever  flourished  in  times  of  peace.  So  that  if  a  brother  should 

"These  charges  were  prepared  and  presented  to  the  Grand  Lodge  of  England 
in  1721  by  Dr.  ANDERSON  and  Dr.  DBSAGULIERS.  and  having  been  approved  by  the 
Grand  Lodge  on  tht-  25th  of  March,  1722,  were  published  in  the  first  edition  of  the  Book 
of  Constitutions.  They  have  always  been  held  in  the  highest  veneration  by  the  Fra- 
ternity, as  embodying  the  most  important  points  of  the  ancient  written,  as  well  as  un- 
written law  of  Masonry, 


n8  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

be  a  rebel  against  the  State,  he  is  not  to  be  countenanced  in  his  rebellion,  how- 
ever he  may  be  pitied  as  an  unhappy  man;  and  if  convicted  of  no  other  crime, 
though  the  loyal  Brotherhood  must  and  ought  to  disown  his  rebellion,  and 
give  no  umbrage  or  ground  of  political  jealousy  to  the  government  for  the  time 
being,  they  cannot  expel  him  from  the  Lodge,  and  his  relation  to  it  remains 
indefeasible. 

III.    OF  LODGES. 

A  Lodge  is  a  place  where  Masons  assemble  and  work;  hence  that  assembly, 
or  duly  organized  society  of  Masons,  is  called  a  Lodge,  and  every  Brother 
ought  to  belong  to  one,  and  to  be  subject  to  its  By-laws  and  the  General  Regula- 
tions. It  is  either  particularor  general,  and  will  be  best  understood  by  attending 
it,  and  by  the  Regulations  of  the  General  or  Grand  Lodge  hereunto  annexed. 
In  ancient  times  no  Master  or  Fellow  could  be  absent  from  it.  especially  when 
warned  to  appear  at  it,  without  incurring  a  s  vere  censure,  until  it  appeared 
to  the  Master  and  wardens  that  pure  necessity  hindered  him. 

The  persons  admitted  members  of  a  Lodge  must  be  good  and  true  men, 
free-born,  and  of  mature  and  discreet  age,  no  bond-men,  no  women,  no  im- 
moral or  scandalous  men,  but  of  good  report. 

IV.     OF  MASTERS,  WARDENS,  FELLOWS  AND  APPRENTICES. 

All  preferment  among  Masons  is  grounded  upon  real  worth  and  personal 
merit  only;  that  so  the  Lords  may  be  well  served,  the  Brethren  net  put  to 
shame,  nor  the  Royal  ( 'raft  despised:  Therefore  no  Master  or  Warden  is  chosen 
by  seniority,  but  for  his  merit.  It  is  impossible  to  describe  these  things  in 
writing,  and  every  Brother  must  attend  in  his  place,  and  learn  them  in  a  way 
peculiar  to  this  Fraternity.  Only  candidates  may  know  that  no  Master  should 
take  an  Apprentice  unless  he  has  sufficient  employment  for  him,  and  unless  he 
be  a  perfect  youth,  having  no  maim  or  defect  in  his  body,  that  may  render  him 
uncapable  of  learning  the  art  of  serving  his  Master's  Lord,  and  of  being  made 
a  Brother,  and  then  a  Fellow  Craft  in  due  time,  even  after  he  has  served  such 
a  term  of  years  as  the  custom  of  the  country  directs;  and  that  he  should  be 
descended  of  honest  parents;  that  so,  when  otherwise  qualified,  he  may  arrive 
at  the  honor  of  being  the  Warden,  and  then  the  Master  of  the  Lodge,  the 
Grand  Warden,  and  at  length  the  Grand  Master  of  all  Lodges,  according 
to  his  merit. 

No  Brother  can  be  a  Warden  until  he  has  passed  the  part  of  a  Fellow 
Craft;  nor  a  Master  until  he  has  acted  as  a  Warden,  nor  Grand  Warden  until 
he  has  been  Master  of  a  Lodge,  nor  GRAND  MASTER  unless  he  has  been  a  Fel- 
low Craft  before  his  election,  who  is  also  to  be  nobly  born,  or  a  gentleman  of 
the  best  fashion,  or  some  eminent  scholar,  or  some  curious  architect,  or  other 
artist,  descended  of  honest  parents,  and  who  is  of  singular  great  merit  in  the 
opinion  of  the  Lodges.  And  for  the  better,  and  easier,  and  more  honorable 
discharge  of  his  office,  the  Grand  Master  has  a  power  to  choose  his  own  Deputy 
Grand  Master,  who  must  be  then,  or  must  have  been  formerly,  the  Master  of 
a  particular  Lodge,  and  has  the  privilege  of  acting  whatever  the  Grand  Mas- 
ter, his  principal,  should  act,  unless  the  said  principal  be  present  or  interpose 
his  authoity  by  a  letter. 

Thesre  rulers  and  governors,  supreme  and  subordinate,  of  the  ancient 
Lodge,  are  to  be  obeyed  in  their  respective  stations  by  all  the  Brethren,  accord- 
ing to  Old  Charges  and  regulations,  with  all  humility,  reverence,  love  and 
alactrity. 

V.    OF  THE  MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  CRAFT  IN  WORKING. 

All  Masons  shall  work  honestly  on  working  day,  that  they  may  live  cred- 
itably on  holy  days;  and  the  time  appointed  by  the  law  of  the  land,  or  confirmed 
by  custom,  shall  be  observed^ 

The  most  expert  of  the  Fellow  Craftsmen  shall  be  appointed  or  chosen  the 
Master  or  Overseer  of  the  Lord's  work;  who  is  to  be  called  Master  by  those  that 
work  under  him.  The  Craftsmen  are  to  avoid  all  ill  language,  and  to  call  each 


A.  &  A.  S.  RITE  OF  FREEMASONRY.  119 

other  by  no  disobliging  name,  but  Brother  or  Fellow;  and  to  behave  themselves 
courteously  within  and  without  the  Lodge. 

The  Master  knowing  himself  to  be  able  of  cunning,  shall  undertake  the 
Lord's  work  as  reasonably  as  possible,  and  truly  dispend  his  goods  as  if  they 
were  his  own;  nor  to  give  more  wages  to  any  Brother  or  Apprentice  tlian  he 
really  may  deserve. 

Both  the  Master  and  the  Masons  receiving  their  wages  justly,  shall  be 
faithful  to  the  Lord,  and  honestly  finish  their  work,  whether  task  or  journey; 
nor  put  the  work  to  task  that  hath  been  accustomed  to  journey. 

None  shall  discover  envy  at  the  prosperity  of  a  Brother,  nor  supplant 
him,  or  put  him  out  of  his  work,  if  he  be  capable  to  finish  the  same;  for  no 
man  can  finish  another's  work  so  much  to  the  Lord's  profit,  unless  he  be  thor- 
oughly acquainted  with  the  designs  and  draughts  of  him  that  begun  it. 

When  a  Fellow  Craftsman  is  chosen  Warden  of  the  work  under  the  Mas- 
ter, he  shall  be  true  both  to  Master  and  Fellows,  shall  carefully  oversee  the 
•work  in  the  Master's  absence 'to  the  Lord's  profit;  and  his  Brethren  shall  obey 
him. 

All  Masons  employed  shall  meekly  receive  their  wages  without  murmur- 
ing or  mutiny,  and  not  desert  the  Master  until  the  work  is  finished. 

A  younger  Brother  shall  be  instructed  in  working,  to  prevent  spoiling  the 
materials  for  want  of  judgment,  and  for  increasing  and  continuing  of  brotherly 
love. 

All  the  tools  in  working  shall  be  approved  by  the  Grand  Lodge. 

No  laborer  shall  be  employed  in  the  proper  work  of  Masonry;  nor  shall 
Freemasons  work  with  those  that  are  not  free,  without  an  urgent  necessity;  nor 
shall  they  teach  laborers  and  unaccepted  Masons  as  they  should  teach  a  Brother 
or  Fellow. 

VI.     OF  BEHAVIOK,  viz: 

1.      IN  THE  LODGE  WHILE  CONSTITUTED. 

You  are  not  to  hold  private  committees,  or  separate  conversation,  without 
leave  from  the  Master,  nor  to  talk  of  anything  impertinent  or  unseemly,  nor 
interrupt  the  Master  or  Wardens,  or  any  Brother  speaking  to  the  Master;  nor 
behave  yourself  ludicrously  or  jestingly  while  the  Lodge  is  engaged  in  what  is 
serious  and  solemn;  nor  use  any  unbecoming  language  upon  any  pretence  what- 
soever; but  to  pay  due  reverence  to  your  Master,  Wardens  and  Fellows,  and  put 
them  to  worship. 

If  any  complaint  be  brought,  the  Brother  found  guilty  shall  stand  to  the 
award  and  determination  of  the  Lodge,  who  are  the  proper  and  competent 
judges  of  all  such  controversies  (unless  you  carry  it  by  appeal  to  the  Grand 
Lodge)  and  to  whom  they  ought  to  be  referred,  unless  a  Lord's  work  be  hin- 
dered the  meanwhile,  in  which  case  a  particular  reference  may  be  made;  but 
von  ->iiist  never  go  to  law  about  what  concerns  Masonry,  without  an  absolute 
ay  apparent  to  the  Lodge. 

2.       BEHAVIOR  AFTER  THE  LODGE  IS  OVER  AND  THE  BRETHREN  NOT  GONE. 

You  may  enjoy  yourself  with  innocent  mirth,  treating  one  another  accord- 
ing to  ability,  but  avoiding  all  excess,  or  forcing  any  Brother  to  eat  or  drink 
beyond  his  inclination,  or  hindering  him  from  going  when  his  occasions  call 
lriin  or  doing  or  saying  anything  offensive,  or  that  may  forbid  an  easy  i\iv\free 
conversation;  for  that  would  Mast  our  harmony  and  defeat  our  laudable  pur- 
poses. Therefore  no  private  piques  or  quarrels  must  be  brought  within  the 
door  of  the  Lodge,  far  less  quarrels  about  religion,  or  nations  or  state  policy 
we  being  only  as  Masons  of  the  Catholic  (universal)  religion  above  mentioned; 
we  are  also  of  all  nations,  tongues,  kindreds,  and  languages,  and  are  resolved 
against  all  politics,  as  what  never  yet  conduced  to  the  welfare  of  the  Lodge, 
nor  ever  will.  This  CHARGE  has  always  been  strictly  enjoined  and  observed; 

•RI-T  ESPECIALLY  EVER  SINCE  THE  REFORMATION  IN  HItlTAIN,  OH  THE  DIS- 
SENT \NI>  SECESSION  OF  THESE  NATIONS  FROM  THE  COMMUN- 
ION OF  ROME. 


120  BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE 

3.      BEHAVIOR  WHEN  BRETHREN  MEET  WITHOUT  STRANGERS,  BUT  NOT  IN 
A    LODGE    FORMED. 

You  are  to  ?ahite  one  another  in  a  courteous  manner,  as  you  will  be  in- 
structed, calling  each  other  Bi other,  freely  giving  mutual  instruction  as  shall 
be  thought  expedient,  without  Icing  overseen  or  overheard,  and  without  en- 
croaching upon  each  other,  or  derogating  from  that  respect  which  is  due  to 
any  Brother,  were  he  not  a  Mason;  for  though  all  Masons  are  as  brethren  up- 
on the  same  level,  yet  Masonry  takes  no  honor  from  a  man  that  he  had  before; 
nay,  rather  it  adds  to  his  honor,  especially  if  he  lias  deserved  well  of  the 
Brotherhood,  who  must  give  honor  to  whom  it  is  due,  and  avoid  ill  manners. 

4.      BEHAVIOR  IN  PRESENCE  OF  STRANGERS  NOT    MASONS. 

You  shall  be  cautious  in  your  words  and  carriage,  that  the  most  penetra- 
ting stranger  shall  not  be  able  to  discover  or  find  out  what  is  not  proper  to  be 
intimated;  and  sometimes  you  shall  divert  a  discourse,  and  manage  it  prudently 
for  the  honor  of  the  Worshipful  Fraternity. 

5.  BEHAVIOR  AT  HOME,  AND  IN  YOUR  NEIGHBORHOOD. 
You  are  to  act  as  becomes  a  moral  and  wise  man;  particularly,  not  to  let 
your  family,  friends  and  neighbors  know  the  concerns  of  the  Lodge,  etc.,  but 
wisely  to  consult  your  own  honor,  and  that  of  the  Ancient  Brotherhood,  for 
reasons  not  to  be  mentioned  here.  You  must  also  consult  your  health  by  not 
continuing  together  too  late,  or  too  long  from  home,  after  Lodge  hours  are 
past;  and  by  avoiding  of  gluttony  or  drunkenness,  that  your  families  be  not 
neglected  or  injured,  nor  you  disabled  from  working. 

6.      BEHAVIOR  TOWARD  A  STRANGE  BROTHER. 

You  are  cautiously  to  examine  him,  in  such  a  method  as  prudence  shall 
direct  you,  that  you  may  not  be  imposed  upon  by  an  ignorant,  false  pretender, 
whom  you  are  to  reject  with  contempt  and  derision,  and  beware  of  giving  any 
hints  of  knowledge. 

But  if  you  discover  him  to  be  a  true  and  genuine  Brother,  you  are  to  res- 
pect him  accordingly,  and  if  he  is  in  want,  you  must  lelieve  him  if  you  can, 
or  else  direct  him  how  he  may  be  relieved;  you  must  employ  him  some  days, 
or  else  recommend  him  to  be  employed.  But  you  are  not  charged  to  do  beyond 
your  ability,  only  to  prefer  a  poor  Brother,  that  is  a  good  man  and  true,  before 
any  other  poor  people  in  the  same  circumstances. 

Finally,  All  these  CHARGES  you  are  to  observe,  and  also  those  that  shall 
be  communicated  to  you  in  another  way;  cultivating  brotherly  love,  the  foun- 
dation and  cap-stone,  the  cement  and  glory  of  this  Ancient  Fraternity,  avoid- 
ing all  wrangling  and  quarreling,  all  slander  and  backbiting,  nor  permitting 
others  to  slander  any  other  Brother,  but  defending  his  character,  and  doing 
him  all  good  offices,  as  far  as  is  consistent  with  your  honor  and  safety  and  no 
further.  And  if  any  of  them  do  you  injury,  you  must  apply  to  your  own  or 
his  Lodge;  and  from  thence  you  may  appeal  to  the  Grand  Lodge  at  the 
Quarterly  Communication,  and  from  thence  to  the  Annual  Grand  Lodge,  as 
has  been  the  ancient  laudable  conduct  of  our  forefathers  in  every  nation;  never 
taking  a  legal  course,  but  when  the  case  cannot  be  otherwise  decided,  and 
patiently  listening  to  the  honest  and  friendly  advice  of  Master  and  Fellows 
when  they  would  prevent  you  going  to  law  with  strangers,  or  would  excite  you 
to  put  a  speedy  period  to  all  law-suits,  that  so  you  may  mind  the  aflair  of 
Masonry  with  the  more  alacrity  and  success;  but  with  respect  to  Brothers  or 
Fellows  at  law,  the  Master  and  Brethren  should  kindlv  offer  their  mediation, 
which  ought  to  be  thankfully  submitted  to  by  the  contending  Brethren;  and  if 
that  submission  is  impracticable,  they  must,  however,  carry  on  their  process  or 
lawsuit  without  wrath  and  rancor,  (not  in  the  common  way)  saying  or  doing 
nothing  that  may  hinder  brotherly  love,  and  good  officers  to  be  renewed  and 
continued;  that  all  may  see  the  benign  influence  of  Masonry,  as  all  true 
Masons  have  done  from  the  beginning  of  the  world,  and  will  do  to  the  end  of 
time.  A  men.  So  mote  it  be. 


DR.  J.  L.  COGSWELL, 


"Old  Chronicle  Building,"  Hooms  5~6. 

"Mark  well  the  hour,  when  nature's  rights  demand. 
The  skillful  practice  of  a  dentist's  hand." 

Filling  Teeth,  Plating,  Gald  and  Porcelain  Crowns 
and  Bridge  Work  a  Specialty, 

Public    Speakers,     such     as    Clergymen,    Lawyers, 

Singers,  Theatrical  Performers  and  Lecturers, 

would  do  well  to  call. 

Save  the  Natural  Teeth  if  Possible. 

Ether    or    Chloroform    admin  stered   if   necessary    for    the   Painless 
EXTRACTION     OK"    TEETH. 


H.  BOWMAN.  W.  J.  BOWMAN.  N.  A.  KOSEiL 

H.  BOWMAN  &  CO., 

DRUGGISTS^APOTHEGARIES, 


AND  DEALERS  IN 


perfumery  ai?d  Soi 


951  BROADWAY, 

Corner  Ninth   Street,  OAKLAND,  CAL. 


The  National  Cask  Register  Co, 


' — ^k-- Manufacturers   of — & 

Kinds  @£  Cumt 


Detail    Adding— Total    Adding,    with    or    without 
CHECK  DEVICE. 

Cash.    Registers 

FOR  CASH  OR  CREDIT  SALES. 

SALESROOMS: 

Room  12,  Chronicle  Building, 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA. 


WM.  G.  BADGER 


HALLETT  &  DAVIS  GO'S  (Boston)  ^ 

FRANCIS  BACON   (New  York)  [PI  Q  MM  A 

I.  I.  KIMBALL  GO'S  (Chicago)  J J          (UU 


W.  I.  KIMBALL  GO'S  PARLOR  AND  VESTRY  ORGANS, 
No.  725  Market  Street, 

History  Building,  (Ground  Floor)  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

E.  B.  POMROY.  A.  II.  BREED. 

A.  H.  BREED  &  CO., 

Real  Estate  Investment  Brokers. 

San  Francisco  Income  and  Investment  Property  a  Specialty. 

RENTS  COLLECTED.  INSURANCE  EEEECTED. 

232  Montgomery  Street, 

Opp.  Russ  House,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL, 

Telephone    :so.    1644. 

N.   B. — We  also  have  for  sale  a  fine  list  of  Oakland  residence 
and  business  properties. 


OF  -^l'~ 


Wagon  and  Carriage  Material, 

Gamage  jtodmare  and  Brimming!, 

Iron  *  Steel,  Coal  «?  Blacksmith's  Tools. 


*>*<• 


OK 


SaFoen  patent  and  Wood  gub  Wheels, 

BODIES,    GEARS,    ETC. 


Nos.  1 6,  1 8,  20  and  22  Beale  St.,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 
Nos.  709,  711,  713  and  715  J  St.,  SACRAMENTO,  CAL. 
Front  and  Monroe  Streets,  PORTLAND,  OREGON. 

GKO.  H.  BRAGG  &  CO.,  SAN  JOSE,  CAL. 

NEW  YORK  OFFICE,  159  FRONT  STREET. 

LUMBER  STATION,  FORT  WAYNE,  IND. 

Manufactory  at  Sacramento,  Cal. 


G.  B.  DflNIELS  X  CO., 

FINE  STATIONERY, 

gs,    Engravings,     @i[   ^Paintings, 

GhromoS,  Elanlg  Bool$, 


Visiting  Cards,    Birthday    Cards,    School    Supplies^ 
Gold  Pens,  Purses,  Artists'  Materials,  Etc. 


tic  Training.  —  We  are  prepared  to  furnish  Every 
Style  of  Frame  in  Carved  or  Plain,  Natural  Wood,  Bronze, 
White  and  Silver,  White  and  Gold,  Silver,  Gold  or  Comp- 
osition Gold  Mouldings. 

1153  BROADWAY, 

Bet.  1  3th  and  i4th  Sts.,  OAKLAND,  CAL,. 

SERRIL,  \VINSOR,  Sole  Proprietor. 

California  Pottery  &  Terra  Cotta  Co. 


MANUFACTURERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 


*. 


and  JGFM  Gotta  Bhimneij 
^ASES,  TOUNTAINS  AND  ©RNAMENTAL 


DESIGNS    mADE    TO 

We    Manufacture    the     Patent     Hygienic     FILTER     AND    WATER 
COOLER,  and  are  Sole  Agmts  for  A.  ameda  County. 

Office,  1172  Broadway, 

Factory,  Cor.  H.  i2th  and  Park  Sts.,  OAKLAND,  CAL. 


B.  E.  HANDY. 

D.  C.  GRAY.         ' 


•  iira^ii  I 


35  &  37  GEARY  ST., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


MONTGOMERY    STREET, 

Extending  from  Pine  to  Bush  Sts.,    SAN  FRANCISCO. 

(Containing  300  Rooms— Business  Center  of  the  City.) 


S.  H.  SEYMOUR  &  CO.,  Proprietors. 
Terms:  $1.50,  $2.00  and  $2.50  per  Day. 


AV.  S.  PIIFJ.PS,  PRESIDENT 


•\V.  II.  PIIELPS,  SECRETARY. 


THE  PHELPS  MANUFACTURING  CO, 


ROROINQS, 

Including  all  sizes  of  Shafting,  Cranks,  Pistons,  Connecting  Rods. 

Gable  I^oad  Woris  a  Specialty.  Gar  and  Bridge  WOF!$. 


SOLE   MANUFACTURERS   OF 


W.  S.   Phelp's  Patent  Turntable  and  Switch  Points  for  Cable 

Roads.     Makers  of  Cable  Road  Grips,  Yokes,  Crossings, 

Curves  and  Depression  Pulleys. 

V^ORKS:     BLACK     POINT. 

Office,  17  Drumm  St.,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Jones'  Bazar, 

955  BROADWAY,  AKD  EASEMENT  COR.  NINTH  AND  BROADWAY, 
$a6y  Carriages,  ^Uebcipedes,  ^ricijdes, 

Rocking  Horses,  Wagons,  Dolls. 

OF  EYERY  DESCRIPTION. 


ffmtcy   (^oods,  fifc, 


Tjugel  Sound  Lumber  Go., 

<^  OAKLAND,  CAL. 

Wholesale  and   Retail    Dealers    in 


JTTHIS  COMPANY  OWNS  ITS  OWN  MILLS  AND  VESSELS  AND 
JL  keeps  an  immense  stock  of  Lumber  of  all  kinds  selected  for  this 
market  and  can  fill  orders  for  any  amount  and  dimensions  on  short 
notice  at  the  very  lowest  market  rates. 

OAKLAND  YARD  AND  OFFICE,  FIRST  AND  WASHINGTON  STREETS. 

A.  POWELL,  Gen'l  M'g'r.,  G.  W.  FISHER,  Manager, 

Pier  3,  Steuart  St.,  San  Francisco.        Oakland  Yard,  ist  and  Wash.  Sts. 


WM.  FILMER,  A I  ROLLINS, 

President.  Sec'y  and  Manager  Composing  Room. 

Jfilmep-fjollinf  Electrotype  Bo. 

Electrotypers  and  Stereotypers, 

Stereotyping  by  the  Glay  and  JlapieF-Jtfache  processes. 

Stamps  for  Book-Binders,  Soap  Makers,  Etc. 

Made  at  Sn  rt  Notice  in  First-Class  Style, 

414  SflCHRtflEfsTrO  STREET, 

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Composition  for  first-class  Book-work,  stereotyped  from  new  type, 
specially  made  and  only  used  for  casting  purposes. 

GEORGE  GOODMAN, 

••/. 
PATENTEE  AND  MANUFACTURER  OF 

ARTIFICIAL  STONE 

(SCHILLINGER'S  PATENT.) 
IN     ALL     ITS     BRANCHES. 

Side  Walks  and  Garden  Walks  a  Specialty, 


Office:  307  Montgomery  St., 

NEVADA  BLOCK,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


W.  K.  VANDEKSLICE.  KENNETH  MELEOSE. 

ESTABLISHED    1885. 

I.  K.  VANDERSLICE I  GO. 

SILVERWARE, 
Jeu^lry,  U/at^es  ai?d  QjoeHs, 

DIAMONDS,   ETC. 

136  Sutter  Street,        San  Francisco. 

PATRONIZE  gOME  INDUSTRY. 

The  Wentworth  Boot  ^  Shoe  Co. 

Our  goods  are  all  manufactured  at  our 

Factory,  Sixteenth   Street  R.  R.  Station,  Oakland, 

made  exclusively  by  White  Labor. 

We  use  the  Best  of  Materials,  every  pair  warranted 
to  give   the   Best   of  Satisfaction. 

We  have  a  full  assortment  of  all  Kinds,  Qualities  and 

Styles,  at  the  Lowest  Prices. 
We     Solicit    Your    Patronage. 

Wentworth  Boot  and  Shoe  Company, 

New  Blake  Block,  1059  Washington  Street, 

OAKLAND. 


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